Multicenter Comparative Analysis of Late Open Conversion in Patients With Adherence and Nonadherence to Instructions for Use Endovascular Aneurysm Repair.

PURPOSE: The widespread adoption of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) as preferred treatment modality for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has enlarged the number of patients needing open surgical conversion (OSC). The relationship between adherence to Instructions For Use (IFU) and EVAR long-term outcomes remains controversial. The aim of this study is to compare preoperative differences and postoperative outcomes between EVAR patients not adjusted to IFU and adjusted to IFU who underwent OSC. METHODS: This multicenter retrospective study reviewed 33 explanted EVARs between January 2003 and December 2019 at 14 Vascular Units. Patients were included if OSC occurred >30 days after implantation and excluded if explantation was performed to treat an endograft infection, aortic dissection, or traumatic transections. Variables analyzed included baseline characteristics, adherence to IFU, implant and explant procedural details, secondary reinterventions, and postoperative outcomes. RESULTS: Fifteen explanted patients (15/33, 45.5%) were identified not accomplished to IFU (out-IFU) at initial EVAR vs 18 explanted patients adjusted (in-IFU). During follow-up, a mean of 1.73±1.2 secondary reinterventions were performed, with more type I endoleaks treated in the subgroup out-IFU: 16.7% vs 6.3% in-IFU patients and more type III endoleaks (8.3% vs 0%). Patients out-IFU had shorter mean interval from implant to explant: 47.60±28.8 months vs 71.17±48. Type II endoleak was the most frequent indication for explantation. Low-flow endoleaks (types II, IV, V) account for 44% of indications for OSC in subgroup of patients in-IFU, compared with 13.3% in patients out-IFU and high-flow endoleaks (types I and III) were the main indication for patients out-IFU (33.3% vs 16.7% in-IFU). Total endograft explantation was performed in 57.5% of cases (19/33) and more suprarenal clamping was required in the subgroup out-IFU. Overall, 30-day mortality rate was 12.1% (4/33): 20% for patients out-IFU and 5.6% in-IFU. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, type II endoleak is the most common indication for conversion and differences have been found between patients treated outside IFU with explantation taking place earlier during follow-up, mainly due to high-flow endoleaks and with higher mortality in comparison with patients adjusted to IFU. Ongoing research is required to delve into these differences.

Clinical results and cost-effectiveness of radiofrequency and cyanoacrylate ablation compared with traditional surgical stripping for treating varicose veins.

BACKGROUND: Disease of the venous system is an underappreciated public health problem. Minimally invasive treatments such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or cyanoacrylate adhesive ablation (CAA) have almost entirely replaced surgical stripping (SS) of the great and small saphenous veins. The purpose of the present study was to compare the outcomes at 3 years after SS, RFA, and CAA by assessing the incidence of complications and reinterventions and performing a cost-effectiveness analysis. METHODS: From February 2016 to February 2019, all consecutive patients with symptomatic varicose veins treated at vascular department of two hospitals using SS, RFA, or CAA were included in the present study. The clinical outcomes were measured by quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), complications, and reintervention. A comparison with conservative treatment was also performed. A detailed resource use was recorded for each procedure. All costs were normalized to May 2020 U.S. dollars and euros. Analysis of the data was by the treatment received. All statistical tests were two-sided, and the significance level was set at 5%. Two perspectives of the analysis were considered: the social perspective and that of the Spanish Public Health System. The study period was 3 years. No discount rate was applied. RESULTS: A total of 233 patients were enrolled in the present study: SS, n = 90 (38.6%); RFA, 93 (39.9%); and CAA, n = 50 (21.5%). The number of complications was 11 (12.2%), 3 (3.3%), and 3 (6%) in the SS, RFA, and CAA groups, respectively (P = .06). No patient had required reintervention. The median loss of workdays for the SS, RFA, and CAA group was 15 days (interquartile range [IQR], 10-30 days), 0 days (IQR, 0-6 days), and 0 days (IQR, 0-1 days), respectively (P < .001). The median level of satisfaction for the SS, RFA, and CAA group was 9 (IQR, 8-10), 10 (IQR, 9-10), and 10 (IQR, 9-10), respectively (P < .001). The QALYs was 2.6 years for all three procedures. The median overall cost was €852 (US$926) for SS, €1002 (US$1089) for RFA, and €1228.3 (US$1335) for CAA. The total cost per QALY was €323/QALY (US$351/QALY) for SS, €380/QALY (US$413/QALY) for RFA, and €467/QALY (US$508/QALY) for CAA. The indirect costs were measured by the cost of the workdays lost for each patient and were €1527 (US$1660; IQR, €1018-3054); €0 (IQR, €0-611) for RFA, and €0 (IQR, €0-102) for CAA (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: All three techniques were cost-effective (procedures with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio <€30,000/QALY can be recommended). From the Spanish Public Health System perspective, when considering only the health care costs, the most cost-effective technique was SS. From the social perspective, including the opportunity costs of medical leave, CAA was the most cost-effective technique, saving €1600 per patient, a cost that more than compensated for the savings realized from using SS in direct health care costs.

Incidence and consequences of systemic arterial thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients.

A high incidence of thrombotic events, particularly deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, has been clearly documented in COVID-19 patients. In addition, small series of patients with coronary, cerebrovascular and peripheral arterial thrombotic events have also been reported, but their true incidence and consequences are not well described, and constitute the objective of this study. From February 1st to April 21st, 2020, 2115 COVID-19 patients were treated at Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón (Madrid, Spain), and 1419 were eventually admitted. Patient characteristics and outcomes were collected by reviewing their electronic medical records. Fourteen patients had a systemic arterial thrombotic event, which represents a 1% incidence in relation to the total number of hospitalized patients. Three patients suffered an acute coronary syndrome, two with persistent ST-segment elevation, one of whom was treated invasively, and one with transient ST-segment elevation. Eight patients had a cerebrovascular event. Six suffered an acute ischemic stroke and two a transient ischemic attack, 50% of them had a Rankin score ≥ 3 at discharge. Three additional patients had a limb thrombotic event, all of them infrapopliteal, and were managed conservatively. All three cases developed necrosis of the toes, two of them with bilateral involvement. The hospitalization death rate of patients with an arterial event was 28.6%. Although COVID-19 may favor the occurrence of thrombotic events, the destabilization and thrombosis of arterial atherosclerotic plaques do not seem to be a frequent mechanism which warrants the need for specific systematic preventive measures.

Disability and quality of life in heart failure patients: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Although both hospitalization and mortality due to heart failure (HF) have been widely studied, less is known about the impact of HF on disability and quality of life. AIM: To assess the degree of disability and quality of life in HF patients attended at family medicine centres. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study of a cohort of HF patients attended at family medicine centres. METHODS: Disability was assessed with the WHODAS 2 questionnaire, which provides a global and six domain scores that is understanding and communication, getting around, self-care, getting along with people, life activities and participation in society. Quality of life was assessed with the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, which furnishes a global and two domain scores, physical and emotional. RESULTS: A breakdown of the results showed that 28% of patients had moderate disability and 16.7% had severe disability, with the most important areas affected being: life activities, 8.9% extreme disability and 30.3% severe disability; getting around, 34.6% severe disability and 2% extreme disability; and participation in society, 53.3% moderate-severe disability. Quality of life was mildly affected. New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification and sex were the major determinants of disability and quality of life. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists were associated with better scores in the "getting around" and "life activity" domains. CONCLUSION: HF patients in primary care show an important degree of disability and an acceptable quality of life.

Adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea de los adolescentes de Cantabria / Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet of adolescents in Cantabria

Fundamentos: A pesar de los múltiples beneficios atribuidos a la Dieta Mediterránea (DM), diversos estudios han señalado una disminución en su seguimiento. Describir el grado de adherencia a la DM que presentan los adolescentes escolarizados en la Comunidad Autónoma de Cantabria. Métodos: Estudio transversal que analiza una muestra de 1829 adolescentes, de entre 10 y 17 años, escolarizados en 37 centros de enseñanza públicos y concertados, mediante el test KidMed. Resultados: El 6% de los adolescentes mantiene una dieta de muy baja adhesión, el 42% una adhesión media y el 52 % goza de una alta adhesión a la dieta mediterránea. El porcentaje de mujeres que presenta una alta adhesión a la dieta mediterránea es más elevado que el de los varones (54% vs50%). No se observan diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el grado de adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea entre sexos. La alta adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea disminuye notablemente a medida que la edad aumenta, principalmente en el paso de 10 y 11 años (57,7%)al tramo de 12 a 15 años (46,7%).Conclusiones: La mitad de los adolescentes mantienen una alta adherencia a la DM, que disminuye con el aumento de la edad, siendo especialmente significativa en el paso de los adolescentes de 10 y 11 años a los jóvenes de 12 a 15 años

Background: Despite the multiple benefits attributed to the Mediterranean Diet (DM), several studies have indicated a decrease in its follow-up. To describe the Adherence to DM, among primary and secondary education adolescents from Cantabria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, analysing a sample of 1,829 adolescents: 924 (50,5%) were women and 905 (49,5%) were men, aged 10 to 17, attending 37 different primary and secondary education centres, by means of KidMed questionnaire. Results:6% of adolescents maintain a very low adherence to Mediterranean Diet, 42% shows an average adherence, and 52% keep a high adherence. The percentage of women with a high adherence to Mediterranean Diet is higher than men (54 % vs 50 %). There arenot noticeably significant statistical differences of the Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet regarding gender. The high adherence to Mediterranean Diet decreases with age, especially from 10 -11 years to 12-15 years. Conclusions: Half of adolescents keep a high adherence to a Mediterranean Diet. Nevertheless, a major age related decline this high adherence, especially when the adolescents pass from 10-11 years old to 12-15 years old

Staphylococcus aureus aortitis and retroperitoneal fibrosis: A case report and literature review.

An infected aortic aneurysm is a process with high mortality rate. Survival is dependent on an early diagnosis and surgical management. This case report details a rare presentation of aortitis with persistent methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia, which initially presented as retroperitoneal fibrosis and was ultimately fatal.

Friedrich Krukenberg, el del tumor de Krukenberg: a propósito de una serie de casos / Friedrich Krukenberg of Krukenberg's Tumor: Report of a series of cases

El tumor de Krukenberg (descrito por un médico alemán que tenía el mismo nombre) es un tumor de ovario que representa la metástasis de una tumoración primaria usualmente ubicada en el estómago. En este trabajo se realiza una breve reseña histórica y se presentan cinco casos manejados en nuestro servicio, con el fin de mostrar la complejidad de su diagnóstico, el abordaje terapéutico y el pésimo pronóstico que esta enfermedad tiene.

Krukenberg's tumor is an ovarian tumor first described by the German physician Friedrich Krukenberg. It is a metastasis of a primary tumor which is usually located in the stomach. This article presents a brief overview of the history of these tumors and a series of 5 cases which were handled in our service. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the complexity of this diagnosis, the therapeutic approach, and the pessimistic prognosis that this condition has.

Second-line rescue therapy with levofloxacin after H. pylori treatment failure: a Spanish multicenter study of 300 patients.

AIM: Quadruple therapy is generally recommended as second-line therapy after Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication failure. However, this regimen requires the administration of four drugs with a complex scheme, is associated with a relatively high incidence of adverse effects, and bismuth salts are not available worldwide anymore. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a triple second-line levofloxacin-based regimen in patients with H. pylori eradication failure. DESIGN: Prospective multicenter study. PATIENTS: in whom a first treatment with proton pump inhibitor-clarithromycin-amoxicillin had failed. INTERVENTION: A second eradication regimen with levofloxacin (500 mg b.i.d.), amoxicillin (1 g b.i.d.), and omeprazole (20 mg b.i.d.) was prescribed for 10 days. OUTCOME: Eradication was confirmed with (13)C-urea breath test 4-8 wk after therapy. Compliance with therapy was determined from the interview and the recovery of empty envelopes of medications. Incidence of adverse effects was evaluated by means of a specific questionnaire. RESULTS: Three hundred consecutive patients were included. Mean age was 48 yr, 47% were male, 38% had peptic ulcer, and 62% functional dyspepsia. Almost all (97%) patients took all the medications correctly. Per-protocol and intention-to-treat eradication rates were 81% (95% CI 77-86%) and 77% (73-82%). Adverse effects were reported in 22% of the patients, mainly including nausea (8%), metallic taste (5%), abdominal pain (3%), and myalgias (3%); none of them were severe. CONCLUSION: Ten-day levofloxacin-based rescue therapy constitutes an encouraging second-line strategy, representing an alternative to quadruple therapy in patients with previous proton pump inhibitor-clarithromycin-amoxicillin failure, being simple and safe.

Third-line rescue therapy with levofloxacin after two H. pylori treatment failures.

AIM: Eradication therapy with proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin and amoxicillin fails in a considerable number of cases. A rescue therapy still fails in more than 20% of the cases. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a third-line levofloxacin-based regimen in patients with two consecutive Helicobacter pylori eradication failures. DESIGN: Prospective multicenter study. PATIENTS: In whom a first treatment with omeprazole-clarithromycin-amoxicillin and a second with omeprazole-bismuth-tetracycline-metronidazole (or ranitidine bismuth citrate with these antibiotics) had failed. INTERVENTION: A third eradication regimen with levofloxacin (500 mg b.i.d.), amoxicillin (1 g b.i.d.), and omeprazole (20 mg b.i.d.) was prescribed for 10 days. OUTCOME: Eradication was confirmed with 13C-urea breath test 4-8 wk after therapy. RESULTS: One-hundred patients were initially included, and nine were lost for follow-up. All patients but five took all the medications correctly. Per-protocol and intention-to-treat eradication rates were 66% (95% CI = 56-75%) and 60% (50-70%). Adverse effects were reported in 25% of the patients, mainly including metallic taste (8%), nausea (8%), myalgia/arthralgia (5%), and diarrhea (4%); none of them were severe. CONCLUSION: Levofloxacin-based rescue therapy constitutes an encouraging empirical third-line strategy after multiple previous H. pylori eradication failures with key antibiotics such as amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, and tetracycline.

Ruptured popliteal aneurysm resulting from neurofibromatosis-a case report and review of the literature.

Rupture of an aneurysm in a patient suffering from neurofibromatosis is a rare though documented complication. Presented here is the case of a 33-year-old woman with known neurofibromatosis who underwent repair of a symptomatic popliteal aneurysm. The presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment are discussed, and the literature is reviewed on this rare entity.