In-party love spreads more efficiently than out-party hate in online communities.

In this article, we present the findings of a comprehensive longitudinal social network analysis conducted on Twitter across four consecutive election campaigns in Spain, spanning from 2015 to 2019. Our focus is on the discernible trend of increasing partisan and ideological homogeneity within interpersonal exchanges on this social media platform, alongside high levels of networking efficiency measured through average retweeting. This diachronic study allows us to observe how dynamics of party competition might contribute to perpetuating and strengthening network ideological and partisan homophily, creating 'epistemic bubbles' in Twitter, yet showing a greater resistance to transforming them into 'partisan echo-chambers.' Specifically, our analysis reveals that the rise of a new radical right-wing party (RRP), Vox, has heightened ideological homogeneity among users across the entire ideological spectrum. However, this process has not been uniform. While users aligned with mainstream political parties consistently share content that reinforces in-party affinity, resulting in highly efficient 'epistemic bubbles,' the emergence of the RRP has given rise to a distinct group of users associated with the most extreme partisan positions, characterized by a notable proportion of out-partisan hostility content, which has fostered the creation of low-efficient 'partisan echo-chambers.'

Quantum JIDOKA. Integration of Quantum Simulation on a CNC Machine for In-Process Control Visualization.

With the advent of the Industry 4.0 paradigm, the possibilities of controlling manufacturing processes through the information provided by a network of sensors connected to work centers have expanded. Real-time monitoring of each parameter makes it possible to determine whether the values yielded by the corresponding sensor are in their normal operating range. In the interplay of the multitude of parameters, deterministic analysis quickly becomes intractable and one enters the realm of "uncertain knowledge". Bayesian decision networks are a recognized tool to control the effects of conditional probabilities in such systems. However, determining whether a manufacturing process is out of range requires significant computation time for a decision network, thus delaying the triggering of a malfunction alarm. From its origins, JIDOKA was conceived as a means to provide mechanisms to facilitate real-time identification of malfunctions in any step of the process, so that the production line could be stopped, the cause of the disruption identified for resolution, and ultimately the number of defective parts minimized. Our hypothesis is that we can model the internal sensor network of a computer numerical control (CNC) machine with quantum simulations that show better performance than classical models based on decision networks. We show a successful test of our hypothesis by implementing a quantum digital twin that allows for the integration of quantum computing and Industry 4.0. This quantum digital twin simulates the intricate sensor network within a machine and permits, due to its high computational performance, to apply JIDOKA in real time within manufacturing processes.

Improvement of Contact Tracing with Citizen's Distributed Risk Maps.

The rapid spread of COVID-19 has demonstrated the need for accurate information to contain its diffusion. Technological solutions are a complement that can help citizens to be informed about the risk in their environment. Although measures such as contact traceability have been successful in some countries, their use raises society's resistance. This paper proposes a variation of the consensus processes in directed networks to create a risk map of a determined area. The process shares information with trusted contacts: people we would notify in the case of being infected. When the process converges, each participant would have obtained the risk map for the selected zone. The results are compared with the pilot project's impact testing of the Spanish contact tracing app (RadarCOVID). The paper also depicts the results combining both strategies: contact tracing to detect potential infections and risk maps to avoid movements into conflictive areas. Although some works affirm that contact tracing apps need 60% of users to control the propagation, our results indicate that a 40% could be enough. On the other hand, the elaboration of risk maps could work with only 20% of active installations, but the effect is to delay the propagation instead of reducing the contagion. With both active strategies, this methodology is able to significantly reduce infected people with fewer participants.

The Vegetation-Climate System Complexity through Recurrence Analysis.

Multiple studies revealed that pasture grasslands are a time-varying complex ecological system. Climate variables regulate vegetation growing, being precipitation and temperature the most critical driver factors. This work aims to assess the response of two different Vegetation Indices (VIs) to the temporal dynamics of temperature and precipitation in a semiarid area. Two Mediterranean grasslands zones situated in the center of Spain were selected to accomplish this goal. Correlations and cross-correlations between VI and each climatic variable were computed. Different lagged responses of each VIs series were detected, varying in zones, the year's season, and the climatic variable. Recurrence Plots (RPs) and Cross Recurrence Plots (CRPs) analyses were applied to characterise and quantify the system's complexity showed in the cross-correlation analysis. RPs pointed out that short-term predictability and high dimensionality of VIs series, as well as precipitation, characterised this dynamic. Meanwhile, temperature showed a more regular pattern and lower dimensionality. CRPs revealed that precipitation was a critical variable to distinguish between zones due to their complex pattern and influence on the soil's water balance that the VI reflects. Overall, we prove RP and CRP's potential as adequate tools for analysing vegetation dynamics characterised by complexity.

Industry 4.0 Quantum Strategic Organizational Design Configurations. The Case of 3 Qubits: One Reports to Two.

In this work we explore how the relationship between one subordinate reporting to two leaders influences the alignment of the latter with the company's strategic objectives in an Industry 4.0 environment. We do this through the implementation of quantum circuits that represent decision networks. This is done for two cases: One in which the leaders do not communicate with each other, and one in which they do. Through the quantum simulation of strategic organizational design configurations (QSOD) through 500 quantum circuit simulations, we conclude that in the first case both leaders are not simultaneously in alignment, and in the second case that both reporting nodes need to have an alignment probability higher than 90% to support the leader node.

Industry 4.0 Quantum Strategic Organizational Design Configurations. The Case of 3 Qubits: Two Report to One.

The goal of this work is to explore how the relationship between two subordinates reporting to a leader influences the alignment of the latter with the company's strategic objectives in an Industry 4.0 environment. We do this through the implementation of quantum circuits that represent decision networks. In fact, through the quantum simulation of strategic organizational design configurations (QSOD) through five hundred quantum circuit simulations. We conclude that the alignment probability of the leader is never higher than the average alignment value of his subordinates, i.e., the leader never has a better alignment than his subordinates. In other words, the leader cannot present asymptotic stability better than that of his subordinates. The most relevant conclusion of this work is the clear recommendation to the leaders of Industry 4.0 not to add hierarchical levels to their organization if they have not achieved high levels of stability in the lower levels.

Industry 4.0 Quantum Strategic Organizational Design Configurations. The Case of Two Qubits: One Reports to One.

In this paper we investigate how the relationship with a subordinate who reports to him influences the alignment of an Industry 4.0 leader. We do this through the implementation of quantum circuits that represent decision networks. In fact, through the quantum simulation of strategic organizational design configurations (QSOD) through five hundred simulations of quantum circuits, we conclude that there is an influence of the subordinate on the leader that resembles that of a harmonic under-damped oscillator around the value of 50% probability of alignment for the leader. Likewise, we have observed a fractal behavior in this type of relationship, which seems to conjecture that there is an exchange of energy between the two agents that oscillates with greater or lesser amplitude depending on certain parameters of interdependence. Fractality in this QSOD context allows for a quantification of these complex dynamics and its pervasive effect offers robustness and resilience to the two-qubit interaction.

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-emtricitabine coformulation for once-daily dual NRTI backbone.

Truvada is the coformulation of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF; 300 mg) and emtricitabine (FTC; 200 mg) in a single tablet, providing the nucleotide backbone for once-daily dosing, as a component of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). TDF (the bioavailable prodrug of tenofovir) is hydrolyzed to tenofovir intracellularly and phosphorylated to the active metabolite, tenofovir diphosphate. Tenofovir is a nucleotide analog of deoxyadenosine monophosphate, with activity against HIV-1, -2 and hepatitis B virus. FTC, the fluorinated derivative of lamivudine, is an analog of deoxycitidine, active against HIV-1, -2 and hepatitis B virus. Their long half-lives in plasma and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells allow once-daily dosing. Both are eliminated renally. Resistance mutation K65R is selected for by tenofovir and confers a two- to fourfold reduced susceptibility to this drug. The incidence of K65R is low (3%) and has not been observed in clinical trials with the concomitant use of tenofovir and FTC. FTC selects for M184V mutation less frequently than lamivudine. Tenofovir drug interactions include increased exposure to didanosine and inferior immune recovery that preclude their concomitant use. Boosted protease inhibitors increase exposure to tenofovir without dose adjustment required. FTC has no significant drug interactions. They are not metabolized by cytochrome P450, which confers little potential for interactions with drugs metabolized by these enzymes. As tenofovir and FTC are renally eliminated, drugs eliminated by tubular secretion must be avoided. Both antiretrovirals, as individual agents and in coadministration have evidenced antiviral potency in clinical trials. Pivotal study 934 evidenced superior efficacy of the combination TDF/FTC/efavirenz (EFV) versus zidovudine/FTC/EFV. The toxicity profile of tenofovir and FTC has been extensively studied. Lipid profile is more favorable with tenofovir than thymidine analog. Tenofovir requires surveillance of glomerular filtration rate and dosing interval adjustment when creatinine clearance is less than 50 ml/min and avoidance less than 30 ml/min. Fat loss is less likely with tenofovir than with thymidine analog. Clinical trials have assessed the performance of the coformulation of TDF and FTC.