[A review of the types of parasite-host relations in ixodid ticks]. / Obzor tipov parazitno-khoziainnykh otnoshenii iksodoidnykh kleshchei.

In the first type of mutual relationships the ixodid ticks expose an evident pathogenicity to vertebrate hosts (tick toxicoses) and in the second type the hosts expose a resistance on a base of organism immune system activisation in a response to blood sucking. In the third type of relationships an interaction between the ticks and hosts have a dynamic character (tolerability of host). The first type of relationships leading to a selective elimination of hosts according to our opinion means a comparatively youth of relationships. The third type represent ancient and long term relationships. The second type probably having been widely spread in a historical past occupies an intermediate position. Depending upon areal the ticks of the same type expose different degree of the pathogenicity. Even an acquired resistance of the host does exist in natural conditions, it is a transient phenomenon.

[History of the geographic ranges and migration routes of ticks in the genus Dermacentor Koch, 1844 (Ixodidae)]. / K istorii arealov i putei rasseleniia kleshchei roda Dermacentor Koch, 1844 (Ixodidae).

The mutually checking parasitological and zoogeographic criteria for the issue in question made it possible to express the viewpoint and present supporting data on the origin and spread of Dermacentor ticks. Their origin was dated back to Oligocene (38 mln years ago). Having appeared in Angar Mainland, the ticks spread by land in Europe, North America (Miocene, 25 mln years ago) and Africa (Pliocene, 5 mln years ago). The list of species according to zoogeographic regions is given.

[The incidence of toxoplasmosis among wild vertebrates of Turkmenia (based on serologic data)]. / O rasprostranenii toksoplazmoza sredi dikikh pozvonochnykh Turkmenii (po serologicheskim dannym).

985 wild small mammals and birds were serologically investigated for toxoplasmosis from 1981 to 1984 in Turkmenia: antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in the indirect hemagglutination and immunofluorescent complement fixation reactions according to Goldwasser and Shepard were found in 247 (25.0%), in 11 of 17 investigated species of mammals and in 13 of 22 species of birds. A sharp rise in the toxoplasmosis infection level of wild mammals was found out serologically for the first time (from 1.2% in autumn, 1982 to 72.6% in spring, 1983) followed by its reduction against the reduction in the number of animals. This must have taken place as a result of heavy toxoplasmosis epizootics in the region of investigations which is frequented by wild and domestic cats.

[Species composition of the parasitic cenoses of gerbils]. / Vidovoi sostav parazitotsenozov peschanok.

Complex studies of parasitic cenoses of four species of gerbils were carried out in Turkmenia. Over 60 forms of parasites were found out as follows: three species of blood parasites, 12 species of Coccidia, 8 species of cestodes, 12 species of nematodes, one species of Acanthocephalus, three species of chigger mites, 15 species of gamasid mites, 6 species of ixodid ticks, fleas and lice. The list of species of parasites with regard to their hosts is provided.

[Evolution of the basic types of life cycle in ixodid ticks (Ixodidae)]. / K évoliutsii osnovnykh tipov zhiznennykh skhem u iksodid (Ixodidae).

The burrow-nest life scheme of ixodid ticks, which was formed at the beginning of the Chalk, gave rise to the subsequent types of parasitism: pasture (end of the Chalk), pasture-burrow (end of Paleogene) and pasture-stall one (late Neogene). Changes in the climate in different geological epochs and regions together with the hosts' evolution, natural selection in the aggregate of variability and heredity of ixodids in their populations were the cause of the evolution.

[Toxoplasmas of wild warm-blooded animals in Turkmenia]. / Toksoplazmy dikikh teplokrovnykh zhivotnykh Turkmenii.

Antibodies to Toxoplasma in the reaction of indirect hemagglutination were found in 8 species of mammals and 2 species of birds. Carriage of antibodies to Toxoplasma in house mouse, common fox, bald coot , and rock-dove was first recorded from Turkmenia . Analysis of the infection with Toxoplasma according to species, habitat of antibodies carriers, their ecology, age, sex and season of investigation is given.

[Characteristics of acquired resistance of lambs to mature ticks Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum (experimental studies)]. / Osobennosti priobretennoi rezistentnosti iagniat k polovozrelym kleshcham Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum v opytakh na iagniatakh)

A new method was employed for studies of parasite-host relationships between ixodid ticks and their hosts. It has been established that ixodid ticks are able to desensibilize the reactive sensibility of the host and to satiate themselves without unhibiting the latter. Every day and long parasitism of the ticks on cattle (in nature) and increasing doses of secretion of the ticks' saliva (sensibilizer) lead apparently to the weakening of the host's organism (desensitization). However, under laboratory conditions in hosts a resistence to bites of ixodid ticks can appear.