[2012 ranking in research in Spanish public universities]. / Ranking 2012 de investigación de las universidades públicas españolas.

UNLABELLED: 2012 ranking in research in Spanish public universities. BACKGROUND: In order to guarantee the usefulness of promotion policies for the investigation of educational institutions, in recent years studies analyzing different indicators have been developed, with the intention of valuing possible changes in the future. The objective of this work is to update the research production and productivity ranking of Spanish public universities, using data from 2012. METHOD: The same methodology as previous years has been followed. Seven indicators have been evaluated: articles from journals indexed in the JCR, research lines, R+D projects, doctoral theses, Spanish research and training grants, doctorate courses awarded a mention of excellence and patents. RESULTS: Amongst the results obtained in the global ranking there are differences between the universities with a higher production (University of Barcelona, Complutense University of Madrid and the University of Granada) and those with a higher productivity (Pompeu Fabra, Pablo de Olavide and Miguel Hernández de Elche). CONCLUSIONS: When comparing the results to those of 2011, it can be observed that the three most productive universities remain in the same positions.

[Ranking 2010 in production and research productivity in Spanish public universities]. / Ranking de 2010 en producción y productividad en investigación de las universidades públicas españolas.

The creation of the European Higher Education Area has brought the relevance of the scientific quality assessment in higher education. The result of this interest is a growing interest in the development of rankings of universities, both nationally and internationally. To continue the line started two years ago, the goal of this research is to update the ranking of research productivity in Spanish public universities with the data of 2010. We follow the same methodology to data from 2008 and 2009; although this year it includes measures of total production. The same indicators to evaluate research in 2009: journals articles indexed in the JCR, research periods, research + development projects, doctoral dissertations, grants for training university teachers, Doctoral Programs with Quality Mention and patents. From the results obtained show that universities with higher production were Complutense de Madrid, Barcelona and Granada. The most productive were the Pompeu Fabra University, the Pablo de Olavide, and the Autonoma de Barcelona.

Variables psicosociales que median en el debut sexual de adolescentes en España / Psychosocial variables related to sexual debut in adolescents in Spain

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las variables sociodemográficas y psicosociales que median en el debut sexual de los adolescentes en España. Participaron 2.153 adolescentes residentes en España, entre 14 y 19 años de edad, y de distinto origen cultural. De ellos, el 67.7% eran autóctonos españoles y el 32.3% inmigrantes latinoamericanos. El 19.2% de los participantes no había tenido contacto sexual, el 47.3% lo había tenido sin penetración y el 33.5% restante manifestó haber tenido relaciones sexuales con penetración. Se llevó a cabo una regresión logística multinomial para comparar a los adolescentes de los tres grupos, a través de la cual se concluye que las relaciones sexuales sin penetración pueden ser predichas por las actitudes positivas hacia el preservativo y que las relaciones sexuales con penetración pueden serlo por la adaptación personal, la adaptación escolar y las actitudes positivas hacia el preservativo. Posteriormente, a través de un análisis de regresión logística binaria, se obtuvo que los adolescentes latinoamericanos, las mujeres, los que están más adaptados en el ámbito personal y los que presentan menos autoeficacia en el uso del preservativo tienen más probabilidades de tener relaciones sexuales con penetración. En la discusión se resalta la importancia de la edad de inicio en las relaciones sexuales como factor clave para la emisión de conductas sexuales de riesgo.

The aim of this study was to analyze variables that are related to sexual debut in adolescents in Spain. Participants were 2.153 adolescents who lived in Spain. Ages ranged from 14 to 19 years old. Of them, 67.7% were native Spanish and 32.3% were Latin American immigrants. 19.2% of adolescents had never had any sexual contact; 47.3% had had sexual activities without penetration and 33.5% reported sexual intercourse experience. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to compare these three groups of adolescents. According to that analysis, positive attitudes towards condom use predicted sexual activities without penetration. Likewise, personal and scholar adaptation and positive attitudes towards condom use predicted sexual intercourse experience. Subsequently, a binomial logistic regression analysis was performed. This analysis showed that Latin American adolescents, females, those adolescents who were more adapted in the personal area as well as those who had less self-efficacy towards condom use, had a higher likelihood of having had sexual intercourse experience. In the discussion section, relevance of age at first sexual intercourse as a key factor for sexual risk behaviour engagement is highlighted.

[Relationship between productivity and efficiency in research funding for Spanish regions]. / Relación de la productividad y eficiencia en investigación con la financiación de las comunidades autónomas españolas.

Quality is a major current needs and requirements for any university system. The funding that universities receive a relevant influence on the scientific productivity of these. Thus the main objective of this study is to classify the Spanish regions in terms of scientific productivity and economic efficiency of their universities. It followed the same procedure used to prepare the 2009 ranking of research productivity in Spanish universities. The results show that there are differences in the classifications made on the basis of productivity and efficiency in the investigation. The more efficient Spanish regions in managing its resources to obtain research results are Catalonia, Asturias, Aragon, and Cantabria. From the results, each region can compare their situation with the rest and analyze strengths and weaknesses in research in terms of resources.

Variables sociodemográficas y conductas de riesgo en la infección por el VIH y las enfermedades de transmisión sexual en adolescentes. España, 2007 / Sociodemographic variables and risk behaviours for HIV infection and sexually transmitted diseases in adolescents. Spain, 2007

Fundamento: Conocer las conductas sexuales es primordial para el desarrollo de programas de prevención del VIH y las ETS. El objetivo principal de este estudio es analizar si existen en adolescentes diferencias en conductas de riesgo para la infección por el VIH y las ETS de acuerdo al tipo de centro educativo (público/privado o concertado), el sexo y la edad. Métodos: Participaron 4.456 adolescentes. Se empleó un muestreo aleatorio estratificado con afijación proporcional siendo los estratos la comunidad autónoma y el tipo de centro educativo (público/privado o concertado). La muestra es representativa a nivel nacional con un nivel de confianza del 95,5%. Es un estudio descriptivo de poblaciones mediante encuestas con muestras probabilísticas de tipo transversal. Resultados: El porcentaje de adolescentes de centros privados que no utilizó el preservativo en la primera relación sexual era superior al de los adolescentes de centros públicos (X2 (1)=5,06; p=0,02). Los adolescentes de entre 17 y 18 años eran los que informaron en mayor porcentaje que no utilizaron el preservativo en la última relación sexual (X2 (2)= 6,90; p=0,03). Un mayor porcentaje de varones que de mujeres tuvo una pareja ocasional en la última relación sexual (X2 (1)=127,79; p=0,00). Los adolescentes de centros privados informaron en mayor porcentaje que los adolescentes de centros públicos sobre el consumo de drogas en la última relación sexual (X2 (1)=5,72; p=0,02) así como los varones en comparación con las mujeres (X2 (1)=36,37; p=0,00). Conclusiones: Se muestran diferencias en conductas de riesgo para la infección por el VIH en función de variables sociodemográficas que hacen reflexionar sobre la necesidad de considerar estos aspectos en los programas de educación sexual dirigidos a adolescentes (AU)

Background: The development of HIV and STD prevention programs needs information about sexual behaviour. The aim of this study is to analyze whether there were differences in HIV/STD risk behaviours according to type of high school (public/private), gender and age in adolescents. Methods: A representative sample of 4.456 adolescents participated. To select the participants, a stratified random sampling considering Spanish regions and type of high school was used. It is a cross-sectional survey study. Results: The percentage of adolescents that did not use condoms at first sexual intercourse was higher in private than in public high schools (X2 (1)=5,06; p=0,02). Adolescents who were between 17 and 18 years old had the highest percentage of non condom use at last sexual intercourse (X2 (2)= 6,90; p=0,03). A higher percentage of males than females had a casual partner at last sexual intercourse (X2 (1)=127,79; p=0,00). A higher number of adolescents of private high schools than adolescents of public high schools had used drugs at last sexual intercourse (X2 (1)=5,72; p=0,02), as well as males compared to females (X2 (1)=36,37; p=0,00). Conclusions: Differences in HIV risk behaviours according to sociodemographic variables are shown. Therefore, taking into account sociodemographic factors in sexual education programs focused on adolescents seems to be necessary (AU)