RESUMEN
In 1973 the Oregon Legislature passed a major revision of its civil commitment law adopting changes that mirrored those taking place across the United States. The new sections offered significant protections of the rights of individuals who are alleged to have mental illness, a limitation on the length of commitment, the adoption of both dangerousness and gravely disabled type commitment criteria and the adoption of "beyond a reasonable doubt" as the standard of proof for commitment hearings. From 1973 to the present time, the Oregon Court of Appeals adjudicated a large number of appeals emanating from civil commitment courts. This article is based on a review of 98 written Oregon Court of Appeals commitment decisions from the years 1998 through 2015 and is accompanied by a review of legislative intent in 1973. It appears that the court of appeals has significantly altered the 1973 legislative changes by moving the dangerousness criteria to imminence and the gravely disabled criteria to a focus on survival. Empirically, civil commitment has dramatically decreased in Oregon over a 40-year period and the case law, as developed by Oregon Court of Appeals, has had a significant contributing role in this reduction.
Asunto(s)
Derechos Civiles/legislación & jurisprudencia , Internamiento Obligatorio del Enfermo Mental/legislación & jurisprudencia , Jurisprudencia , Defensa del Paciente/legislación & jurisprudencia , Prisioneros/legislación & jurisprudencia , Conducta Peligrosa , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Humanos , Rol Judicial , Oregon , Negativa del Paciente al Tratamiento/legislación & jurisprudencia , Negativa del Paciente al Tratamiento/psicologíaAsunto(s)
Países en Desarrollo , Educación de Postgrado en Medicina , Ortopedia/educación , Voluntarios , Centros Médicos Académicos , Adulto , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Selección de Profesión , Curriculum , Recolección de Datos , Femenino , Humanos , Cooperación Internacional , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Práctica Profesional , San FranciscoRESUMEN
Injuries are a major worldwide contributor to morbidity and mortality. The negative impact caused by such injuries is disproportionately heavy in developing countries. Such disparities are caused by a complex array of problems, including a lack of physical resources, poor infrastructure, and a shortage of trained health professionals. Overcoming such deficits in care will require the involvement of organizations that can offer broad-based solutions. These organizations must bridge the gap between private and public institutions to establish a systems-based approach to program development and institution-building. They must provide not just an adequate level of care, but a transfer of knowledge that leads to sustainable and cost-effective intervention. Orthopedics Overseas is an example of such an organization. We examine the development of Orthopedics Overseas and describe their interventions in Uganda as a case-study to show the unique position they have to affect change.