Caloric restriction overcomes pre-diabetes and hypertension induced by a high fat diet and renal artery stenosis.

BACKGROUND: Calorie restriction (CR) is a type of dietary intervention that is essential in weight loss through modulation of critical metabolic control pathways, is well established and understood in cases of systemic arterial hypertension, however, its role in renovascular hypertension is still unclear. METHODS: Rats were divided into three groups: SHAM, and two groups that underwent surgery to clip the left renal artery and induce renovascular hypertension (OH and OHR). The SHAM diet was as follows: 14 weeks normolipidic diet; OH: 2 weeks normolipidic diet + 12 weeks hyperlipidic diet, both ad libitum; OHR, 2 weeks normolipidic diet + 8 weeks ad libitum high-fat diet + 4 weeks 40% calorie-restricted high-fat diet. RESULTS: Rats in the OHR group had decreased blood pressure, body weight, and glucose levels. Reductions in insulinemia and in lipid and islet fibrotic areas in the OHR group were observed, along with increased insulin sensitivity and normalization of insulin-degrading enzyme levels. The expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), insulin receptor (IR), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and complex II proteins were increased in the liver tissue of the OHR group. Strong correlations, whether positive or negative, were evaluated via Spearman's model between SIRT1, AMPK, NAMPT, PGC-1α, and NNMT expressions with the restoration of normal blood pressure, weight loss, glycemic and lipid panel, and mitochondrial adaptation. CONCLUSION: CR provided short-term beneficial effects to recover the physiological parameters induced by a high-fat diet and renal artery stenosis in obese and hypertensive animals. These benefits, even in the short term, can provide physiological benefits in the long term.

Futebol e propagandas de cerveja: paixão e consumo / Soccer and advertising of beer: passion and consumption

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os recursos de convencimento empregados nas propagandas de cervejas e sua relação com a prática e ou assistência aos espetáculos futebolísticos. Trata-se de estudo descritivo e qualitativo baseado na coleta e análise de comerciais de cerveja divulgados pela mídia televisiva com menção à prática e ou assistência ao futebol. Foram analisados três comerciais de cerveja veiculados na mídia em período que antecede importantes eventos de futebol sediados no Brasil. A análise das imagens das propagandas foi feita com base na teoria da análise do discurso e semiótica de Barthes (1990), pautando-se em dois signos, linguístico e figurativo. O torcedor dos times e da seleção brasileira de futebol torna-se principal alvo das campanhas publicitárias, que ganham intensidade com a aproximação dos megaeventos, fortalecendo assim a contraditória relação entre futebol e cerveja.

The aim of the study was to analyze the features of persuasion used in beer advertisements and its relationship with the practice and watching soccer spectacles, focusing on analysis of verbaland iconic messages, and emotive persuasion.It is descriptive and qualitative study based on the collection and analysis of beer commercials released by the television media regarding the practice and/or watching football events . Three commercials ofbeerfrom the media in run-important soccer events held in Brazil were analyzed: the Confederation Cup and World Cup of Soccer. Image analysis ofthe advertisements was based on the Barthes´ discourse analysis theory(1990), and based on two signs, linguistic figurative through a process of connotation and denotation. The teamsupporters and the Brazil's national football team becomes the main target of advertising campaigns which gain intensity with the approach of the mega events, thereby reinforcing the contradictory relationship between football and beer.

Cerveja e publicidade: uma estreita relação entre lazer e consumo

São inúmeros os fatores que contribuem para o consumo excessivo de bebidas alcoólicas, dentre os quais, destacam-se as propagandas de cerveja que estabelecem estreita relação entre beber e a vivência do lazer da população jovem. O objetivo do estudo é analisar as formas de menção aos interesses culturais do lazer na relação com comerciais de cerveja. Foram coletados em sites da internet, 39 comerciais de cerveja veiculados na televisão, no período de março de 2009 a março de 2010, analisados e classificados conforme a mensagem principal em quatro categorias. Do total 51,3% dos comerciais apontaram os interesses sociais do lazer, 28,2% os interesses esportivos, 12,8% os interesses turísticos e 5,1% dos comerciais não utilizaram a temática do lazer como argumento de convencimento ao consumo. Concluiu-se que dentre as estratégias utilizadas pelas propagandas destaca-se o uso de imagens que fazem referência à vivencia do lazer em espaços agradáveis com ênfase na diversão e socialização do público jovem.

There are numerous factors that contribute to excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages, among which stand out advertisements for beer thar established a close relationship between drinking and leisure experiences young population. The aim of the study and mentioning the analysis forms the cultural interests of leisure in relation to beer commercials. They were collected at internet sites, 39 beer commercials shown on television in the period from March 2009 to March of 2010, analyzed and classified according to the main message in four categories. 51,3% of total commercials showed the social interests of leisure, 28,2% the interests sports, 12,8% interests and 5,1% of trade not used the theme of leisure as an argument for a suitable consumption. We conclude that among the strategies used by advertisements highlights the use of images that make reference to experiences of leisure spaces with pleasant emphasis on fun and socialization of the young public.