Frequência de fatores de risco cardiovascular antes e 6 e 12 meses após gastroplastia / Frequency of cardiovascular risk factors before and 6 and 12 months after bariatric surgery

OBJETIVO: Comparar a frequência dos fatores de risco cardiovascular (FRCV) em obesos com indicação de gastroplastia no pré-operatório e após o sexto mês e o primeiro ano do procedimento, em usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo observacional, longitudinal, prospectivo e analítico, com seleção consecutiva de obesos com indicação cirúrgica, encaminhados para avaliação cardiológica pré-operatória. O protocolo foi constituído de: história clínica, exame físico, eletrocardiograma, ecocardiograma e dosagens bioquímicas. No presente estudo, foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: peso, índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência abdominal (CA), hipertensão arterial Sistêmica (HAS), diabetes mellitus-tipo 2 (DM), dislipidemia (colesterol LDL elevado; colesterol HDL baixo; hipertrigliceridemia) e síndrome metabólica (SM). Para análise estatística foram utilizados os métodos do Qui-quadrado e Tukey-Kramer. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi constituída de 96 obesos. Desses, 86 eram mulheres com idades entre 18 e 58 anos (mediana de 35 anos). Ao final de seis meses, foi observada redução significante de 88%, 95%, 71%, 89% e 80% na frequência de HAS, colesterol LDL elevado, hipertrigliceridemia, DM e SM. Apenas ao final de 12 meses houve significante e modesta redução na frequência de colesterol HDL baixo (24%) e CA anormal (31%). Em seis meses e um ano ,o peso e o IMC sofreram reduções respectivas de 33,4 e 44,3 kg e de 13,1 e 17,2 kg/m². CONCLUSÃO: O impacto positivo na perda de peso, na redução do IMC, da CA e da frequência dos FRCM mostrou-se extremamente significante após seis meses, e se manteve após um ano da gastroplastia.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in obese patients Obesity of the Brazilian Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS) with indication of bariatric surgery during the preoperative period and after the sixth month and the first year of the procedure. METHODS: An observational, longitudinal, prospective, and analytical study was performed, with consecutive selection of obese patients with indication for surgery referred to preoperative cardiac evaluation. The protocol consisted of: medical history, physical examination, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and biochemical analysis. This study analyzed the following variables:weight, body mass index (BMI),waist circumference (WC), systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), diabetes mellitus type 2(DM), dyslipidemia (high LDL cholesterol; low HDL cholesterol; hypertriglyceridemia), and metabolic syndrome (MS). The chi-squared test and the Tukey-Kramer method were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 96 obese people, among which 86 were women, aged between 18 and 58 years old (median 35 years old). At the end of six months, significant reductions of 88%, 95%, 71%, 89%, and 80% in the frequency of SAH, high LDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, DM, and MS could already be observed. A significant and small reduction in the frequency of low HDL cholesterol (24%) and abnormal WC (31%) was observed only at the end of 12 months. After six months and one year, weight and BMI experienced reductions of 33.4 kg and 44.3 kg, and 13.1 kg/m2 and 17.2 kg/m2, respectively. CONCLUSION: The positive impact on weight loss and the reduction in BMI, WC, and in the frequency of CVRFs are already extremely significant after six months and remain so one year after bariatric surgery.

Comparison of methods for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in tissues of naturally exposed pigs.

This study aimed to compare the sensitivity of five diagnostic methods commonly used for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii in tissues of naturally infected pigs. We purchased 20 heads of pigs in butcher shops in the city of Ilhéus, Bahia. Brain and tongue fragments were taken from each animal for the performance of PCR against T. gondii. The rest of these two tissues were processed and inoculated into three mice. These rodents were observed for 42 days and euthanized. We prepared slides with brain and lungs of each mouse for the visualization of T. gondii. From the tissues of mice, we carried out polymerase chain reaction (PCR), histopathology, and immunohistochemistry in an attempt to identify the parasite. The PCR direct from the tissue of pigs showed 10% (2/20) of positive samples, all from the brain. PCR in tissue from mice found that 55% (11/20) of pigs were positive: 55% (11/20) and 45% (9/20) for brains and tongues, respectively. Mice were inoculated with material obtained from the samples and examined by various methods for resulting Toxoplasma infection (bioassay). Cyst detection in bioassay mice identified 25% (5/20) and immunohistochemistry 30% (6/20) of the samples pigs as positive for T. gondii. Histopathology of mice tissue could not detect parasite; only suggestive pathological changes such as inflammation with foci of necrosis were seen. The results indicated PCR of mice tissue as the most sensitive among those tested.

[Detection anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in swines bred and abated in the Bahia State, Brazil]. / Detecção de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em suínos criados e abatidos no Estado da Bahia, Brasil.

This study was performed to verify the occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in swine raised and slaughtered in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Four hundred sixty five swine blood samples from farms of different cities had been collected and examined. Anti-T. gondii antibodies was detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and considered positive all the animals with equal or bigger headings than 1:16. From these, 18.27% (85/465) of total sample were positive for T. gondii, 30.76% (24) in Ilhéus, 18.10% (21/116) in Itabuna and 14.76% (40/271) in Simões Filho. Significant differences were observed regarding animal sex (p = 0.0171), raising system (p = 0.0002) and origin of the animals (p = 0.0278) in the city of Itabuna. The occurrence of anti-T. gondii antibodies shows that swine can be a source of infection for the local human population.

Detecção de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em suínos criados e abatidos no Estado da Bahia, Brasil / Detection anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in swines bred and abated in the Bahia State, Brazil

Objetivou-se verificar a ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em suínos criados e abatidos no Estado da Bahia. Foram coletadas e examinadas 465 amostras de sangue de suínos provenientes de criações de diferentes locais desse estado. Para a pesquisa de anticorpos anti-T. gondii, foi utilizada a técnica de Imunoadsorção Enzimática (ELISA) e considerados positivos todos os animais com títulos iguais ou maiores que 1:16. Desses, 18,27 por cento (85/465) foram positivos para anticorpos anti-T. gondii, sendo 30,76 por cento (24/78) em Ilhéus, 18,10 por cento (21/116) em Itabuna e 14,76 por cento (40/271) em Simões Filho. Foram observadas diferenças significativas quanto ao sexo dos animais (p = 0,0171), ao sistema de criação (p = 0,0002) e à procedência dos animais (p = 0,0278) no município de Itabuna. Anticorpos anti-T. gondii foram encontrados nos animais estudados, podendo ser estes animais fonte de infecção para a população humana local.

This study was performed to verify the occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in swine raised and slaughtered in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Four hundred sixty five swine blood samples from farms of different cities had been collected and examined. Anti-T. gondii antibodies was detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and considered positive all the animals with equal or bigger headings than 1:16. From these, 18.27 percent (85/465) of total sample were positive for T. gondii, 30.76 percent (24) in Ilhéus, 18.10 percent (21/116) in Itabuna and 14.76 percent (40/271) in Simões Filho. Significant differences were observed regarding animal sex (p = 0.0171), raising system (p = 0.0002) and origin of the animals (p = 0.0278) in the city of Itabuna. The occurrence of anti-T. gondii antibodies shows that swine can be a source of infection for the local human population.