RESUMEN
Numerous years of cell linebased studies have enhanced the current understanding of cancer and its treatment. However, limited success has been achieved in treating hormone receptorpositive, HER2negative metastatic breast cancers that are refractory to treatment. The majority of cancer cell lines are unsuitable for use as preclinical models that mimic this critical and often fatal clinical type, since they are derived from treatmentnaive or nonmetastatic breast cancer cases. The aim of the present study was to develop and characterize patientderived orthotopic xenografts (PDOXs) from patients with endocrine hormone receptorpositive, HER2negative metastatic breast cancer who had relapsed on therapy. A patient who progressed on endocrine hormone therapy provided her tumor via a biobank. This tumor was implanted in mice. It was then serially passaged by implanting PDOX tumor fragments into another set of mice to develop further generations of PDOXs. These tissues were characterized using various histological and biochemical techniques. Histological, immunofluorescence and western blot analyses indicated that the PDOX tumors retained a similar morphology, histology and subtypespecific molecular features to that of the patient's tumor. The present study successfully established PDOXs of hormoneresistant breast cancer and characterized them in comparison with those derived from the original breast cancer tissue of the patient. The data highlight the reliability and usefulness of PDOX models for studies of biomarker discovery and preclinical drug screening. The present study was registered with the clinical trial registry of India (CTRI; registration no. CTRI/2017/11/010553; registered on 17/11/2017).
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones , Animales , Xenoinjertos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Hormonas , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
Paradigm shifting studies especially involving non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) during last few decades have significantly changed the scientific perspectives regarding the complexity of cellular signalling pathways. Several studies have shown that the non-coding RNAs, initially ignored as transcriptional noise or products of erroneous transcription; actually regulate plethora of biological phenomena ranging from developmental processes to various diseases including cancer. Current strategies that are employed for the management of various cancers including that of breast fall short when their undesired side effects like Cancer Stem Cells (CSC) enrichment, low recurrence-free survival and development of drug resistance are taken into consideration. This review aims at exploring the potential role of ncRNAs as therapeutics in breast cancer, by providing a comprehensive understanding of their mechanism of action and function and their crucial contribution in regulating various aspects of breast cancer progression such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, EMT, CSCs, drug resistance and metastasis. In addition, we also provide information about various strategies that can be employed or are under development to explore them as potential moieties that may be used for therapeutic intervention in breast cancer.