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Background: The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of vitamin B complex supplementation following periodontal flap surgery on clinical and microbiological parameters. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial on 10 patients with periodontitis in split-mouth design was undertaken to find the effect of vitamin B complex supplementation with open flap debridement on periodontal wound healing. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Tannerella forsythus and Porphyromonas gingivalis was done using subgingival plaque samples at 0 and 90th day. Results: The results showed a significant reduction (P < 0.01) of clinical (plaque index, gingival index, gingival bleeding index, probing pocket depth, and relative attachment level) and microbial profile in both treatment groups, whereas on intergroup analysis, more reduction in all clinical parameters were observed in the test group, but statistically, the results were insignificant.
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Objective: To determine the efficacy of latelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and Amniotic membrane (AM) along with the coronally advanced flap (CAF) technique in treating Miller's class I gingival recession (GR) defects. Material and methods: A total of 32 sites with Miller's class I GR defects were distributed into Group A (CAF + PRF, n = 16) and Group B (CAF + AM, n = 16). Clinical parameters like gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), gingival sulcus depth (GSD), relative attachment level (RAL), and gingival marginal level (GML) were measured at baseline and at 3, 6 and 9 months after surgical intervention. Results: PRF and AM with CAF were effective treatment modalities for treating Miller's class I GR defects, with an average root coverage value of 2.00 ± 0.75 mm in Group A and 1.5 ± 0.3 mm in Group B. Complete coverage (100 %) was obtained in 57 % sites of group A and 49 % sites of group B. At the 9-month follow-up, there was a significant increase in relative attachment levels in both groups when compared to baseline. Conclusion: In the present study it was observed that there was a clinically and statistically significant improvement in root coverage with both groups. PRF-treated sites showed > 50 % complete coverage and hence were superior. AM showed comparable results to PRF and could be used as an alternative.
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Background and Objectives: Fibroblasts form the major cell type of the periodontal ligament and most often studied for periodontal regeneration. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on aged periodontal fibroblasts and compare the viability of periodontal fibroblasts of older and younger individuals. Materials and Methods: A total of 32 patients were divided into four groups: A, B, C, and D. Groups A and C and B and D comprised of extracted teeth of older (>60 year) and younger individuals (<25 year), respectively. Extracted teeth from Groups A and B received PBM, (diode laser, 660 nm, 100 mW at 4J) whereas Groups C and D did not. Tissue from extracted teeth of all groups was processed and cultured and subjected to 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay to assess their viability. Results: The difference between the groups in terms of viability was significant (P < 0.0001). The mean viability of A and B (PBM) was 1.04 and 1.19, respectively. The mean viability for C and D (non-PBM) was 0.95 and 0.85, respectively. Conclusion: Older fibroblasts have lower viability than younger fibroblasts. PBM improves viability in both older and younger fibroblasts and more so in younger fibroblasts. However, more than one PBM would be required to sustain the effect longer.
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Background: Photobiomodulation (PBM), formerly known as low-level laser therapy, has been successfully used for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in postoperative care. It is also known to have a positive effect on healing and regeneration, at an appropriate power and wavelength. Aim: The main objective was to assess the effect of preoperative as well a postoperative irradiation with low power of 100 milliwatts (mW) and 810-nanometer (nm) (near-infrared) and 660-nanometer(nm) (red) wavelengths on healing as well pain at mandibular third molar extraction sockets. Methodology: Twenty-six patients who were scheduled for mandibular third molar extractions were enrolled in the study and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control group. The experimental group consisted of 13 patients who were subjected to 810-nm irradiation at 100 MW at the site immediately before and after the extraction was completed. In addition, they also received a transcutaneous irradiation of 660-nm wavelength light 1-day postoperatively. The control group received no irradiation immediately after postextraction or the day after. Pain and healing were assessed using the visual analog scale and Turnbull and Howley's Index for soft-tissue healing on the 7th and the 21st days. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: The results showed clinically significant improvements in healing index scores and pain scores of the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: PBM at an appropriate wavelength is a potential tool for the management of pain and accelerating healing at mandibular third molar extraction sites.
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Objectives: Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) enzyme is a routinely used diagnostic marker to detect various systemic diseases, elevation of which indicates destructive activity. Elevated GGT levels in GCF of destructive periodontal diseases hence can be expected. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate if gamma glutamyl transferase would be a good indicator of on-going disease activity and to also assess the effect of non-surgical therapy on Gamma glutamyl transferase in gingival crevicular fluid of clinically healthy and chronic periodontitis patients. Methods: GCF samples from 20 chronic periodontitis patients and 20 clinically healthy individuals of age group 35-45 years were collected. Clinical parameters were recorded and GGT levels in GCF assessed using semi-autoanalyser before and after appropriate non-surgical periodontal therapy in both the groups. Results: GGT levels were higher in chronic periodontitis group compared to healthy group at baseline. There was a significant reduction in the GGT levels and clinical parameters at 30th and 90th day post treatment. Conclusion: The significant reduction in the GGT levels after Non Surgical Periodontal Therapy at every recall interval may indicate that GGT can be used as a potential diagnostic marker of periodontitis.
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AIMS: It has been estimated that >30% of male infertility cases are of idiopathic etiology. Recent studies revealed a positive connection between periodontal pockets and sperm submotility, which proposes that periodontitis may have a role in male infertility and inadequate semen quality. The aim of the present investigation was to inspect the relationship between male fertility parameters and the periodontal status of male patients attending in vitro treatment (IVF) clinic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study participants comprised 85 men going to the facility for sperm investigation before semen insemination. The nature of sperm was surveyed by the WHO 2010 criteria. On the same day, male patients were examined for periodontal parameters. RESULTS: The patients were determined to have either gingivitis (24.7%) or periodontitis (75.3%). Normospermia was credited to 23.5% and oligozoospermia to 43.5%. Sperm submotility was seen in 76.4% of patients. A higher number of sites with clinical attachment loss showed a positive correlation with sperm submotility and sperm count. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study showed a conceivable relationship between male infertility, decreased semen quality, and periodontal diseases in men visiting IVF centers. Periodontitis may subsequently play a role in male infertility.
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BACKGROUND: Medline search using key words halitosis, tongue coating, polymerase chain reaction, microbial profile did not reveal any study. Hence, the purpose of the present investigation was to assess the malodor using the organoleptic method and tanita device; to quantify odoriferous microorganisms using Polymerase Chain Reaction technique in chronic periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 30 chronic periodontitis patients. Halitosis was detected using organoleptic assessment & tanita breath alert. Microbial analysis of Pg, Tf & Fn was done using PCR. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival bleeding index (GBI) were recorded. RESULT: The maximum score of 3 for tongue coating was found in 60% of selected subjects. The tanita breath alert measured VSC level of score 2 in 60% of selected subjects while organoleptic score of 4 was found in 50% of subjects. The maximum mean value of 31.1±36.5 was found to be of F. nucleatum (Fn) followed by P. gingivalis (Pg) (13±13.3) & T. forsythia (Tf) (7.16±8.68) in tongue samples of selected patients. A weak positive correlation was found between VSC levels (tanita score & organoleptic score) and clinical parameters. CONCLUSION: The halitosis assessment by measuring VSC levels using organoleptic method and tanita breath alert are clinically feasible. Maximum tongue coating was found in 60% of patients. Fn was found comparatively more than the Pg & Tf. A weak positive correlation was found between VSC levels and clinical parameters such as PI, GI & GBI. Thus,the dentist/ periodontist should emphasise on tongue cleaning measures that would reduce the odoriferous microbial load.
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BACKGROUND: Halitosis has been correlated with the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) produced in the oral cavity by metabolic activity of bacteria colonizing the periodontal pockets and the dorsum of the tongue. It has been assumed that there is a relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess the malodor using the organoleptic method and tanita device; to quantify odoriferous microorganisms of subgingival plaque and tongue coating, such as P. gingivalis (Pg), T. forsythia (Tf), and F. nucleatum (Fn) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in nondiabetic and diabetic chronic periodontitis patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty chronic periodontitis patients (with and without diabetes) with 5-7 mm pocket depth, radiographic evidence of bone loss, and presence of oral malodor participated in this study. Subjective assessment of mouth air was done organoleptically and by using a portable sulfide monitor. Tongue coating was also assessed. RESULTS: The scores of plaque index, gingival index, gingival bleeding index, VSC levels, and tongue coating between the nondiabetic and diabetic patients were not significant (P>0.5). In nondiabetic patients, Fn was found to be significantly (P<0.5) more in tongue samples, whereas Pg and Tf have not shown significant values (P>0.5). In diabetic patients, Fn and Tf have shown significant (P<0.5) an increase in subgingival and tongue samples, respectively, whereas Pg has not shown significant difference between subgingival and tongue samples. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: The results confirm that there is no difference in clinical parameters between nondiabetic and diabetic periodontitis patients, but the odoriferous microbial profiles in tongue samples of diabetic patients were found to be high. However, there is a weak positive correlation between VSC levels, clinical parameters, and odoriferous microbial profiles.
