RESUMEN
We examined the distribution of melanin during the development of the larvae of Schizothorax o'connori except the eyes with histological method. The results showed that after hatching, the appearance sequence of melanin in different organs were following an order of the outer membrane of neurocranium, the pericardial cavity and the dorsal skin, and the peritoneum and the spinal cord. Specifically, melanin appeared in the outer membrane of neurocranium around 5 DAH (days after hatching), in the pericardial cavity and the back skin at 7 DAH, and in the peritoneum and the spinal cord at 10 DAH. Melanin was found in the skin and internal organs (the outer membrane of neurocranium, the pericardial cavity, the peritoneum, the spinal cord) of S. o'connori at 10 DAH, which was mainly distributed on the back. The appearance and distribution of melanin in the postembryonic development of S. o'connori might be related to the high ultraviolet radiation. Our results could provide reference for further research on the UV protection mechanism of melanin for fish and provide theoretical support for the optimization of rearing conditions for larvae in the plateau.
Asunto(s)
Cyprinidae , Melaninas , Animales , Larva , Rayos UltravioletaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of budesonide (BUD) on RORγt expression in the pulmonary tissue of asthmatic mice and mechanisms of BUD in the treatment of asthma. METHODS: Blab/c asthmatic mouse model was induced by ovalbumin (OVA). Thirty female mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, asthmatic and BUD-treated. IL-17 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum were measured using ELISA. Total and differential cell counts in BALF were measured. Airway inflammation was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. IL-17 mRNA and RORγt mRNA expression were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: RORγt mRNA and IL-l7 levels in the asthmatic group were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.01). BUD treatment significantly decreased RORγt mRNA and IL-l7 levels compared with the asthmatic group (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, total, neutrophil and eosinophil cell count in BALF increased significantly in the asthmatic group (P<0.01). After BUD treatment, counts of total, neutrophil and eosinophil cells in BALF were significantly reduced (P<0.01) and were similar to in the control group. Inflammatory reactions in the respiratory tract were significantly alleviated in the BUD treated group. CONCLUSIONS: RORγt and IL-l7 levels in the pulmonary tissue of asthmatic mice increase and this may be associated with the pathogenesis of asthma. BUD can inhibit RORγt and IL-17 and thus reduces lung inflammation.
