Asunto(s)
Proliferación Celular , Senescencia Celular , Inhibidor p27 de las Quinasas Dependientes de la Ciclina , Neoplasia Intraepitelial Prostática , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Humanos , Inhibidor p27 de las Quinasas Dependientes de la Ciclina/metabolismo , Inhibidor p27 de las Quinasas Dependientes de la Ciclina/genética , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata/tratamiento farmacológico , Senescencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasia Intraepitelial Prostática/patología , Neoplasia Intraepitelial Prostática/metabolismo , Neoplasia Intraepitelial Prostática/genética , Animales , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Ratones , Línea Celular Tumoral , Puntos de Control del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Transgenic expression of activated AKT1 in the murine prostate induces prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) that does not progress to invasive prostate cancer (CaP). In luminal epithelial cells of Akt-driven PIN, we show the concomitant induction of p27(Kip1) and senescence. Genetic ablation of p27(Kip1) led to downregulation of senescence markers and progression to cancer. In humans, p27(Kip1) and senescence markers were elevated in PIN not associated with CaP but were decreased or absent, respectively, in cancer-associated PIN and in CaP. Importantly, p27(Kip1) upregulation in mouse and human in situ lesions did not depend upon mTOR or Akt activation but was instead specifically associated with alterations in cell polarity, architecture, and adhesion molecules. These data suggest that a p27(Kip1)-driven checkpoint limits progression of PIN to CaP.
Asunto(s)
Senescencia Celular , Inhibidor p27 de las Quinasas Dependientes de la Ciclina/metabolismo , Neoplasia Intraepitelial Prostática/metabolismo , Neoplasia Intraepitelial Prostática/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Alelos , Animales , Animales Modificados Genéticamente , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Adhesión Celular , Comunicación Celular , Línea Celular , Polaridad Celular , Proliferación Celular , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Células Epiteliales/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Mutación/genética , Fenotipo , Proteínas Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Ratas , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TORAsunto(s)
Servicios de Salud Comunitaria/organización & administración , Política de Salud , Obesidad/prevención & control , Medicina Preventiva/métodos , Adulto , Niño , Defensa del Consumidor , Consejo , Dieta , Educación Médica Continua , Humanos , North Carolina , Salud Laboral , Servicios de Salud EscolarRESUMEN
Loss of PTEN function leads to activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling and Akt. Clinical trials are now testing whether mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition is useful in treating PTEN-null cancers. Here, we report that mTOR inhibition induced apoptosis of epithelial cells and the complete reversal of a neoplastic phenotype in the prostate of mice expressing human AKT1 in the ventral prostate. Induction of cell death required the mitochondrial pathway, as prostate-specific coexpression of BCL2 blocked apoptosis. Thus, there is an mTOR-dependent survival signal required downstream of Akt. Bcl2 expression, however, only partially restored intraluminal cell growth in the setting of mTOR inhibition. Expression profiling showed that Hif-1 alpha targets, including genes encoding most glycolytic enzymes, constituted the dominant transcriptional response to AKT activation and mTOR inhibition. These data suggest that the expansion of AKT-driven prostate epithelial cells requires mTOR-dependent survival signaling and activation of HIF-1 alpha, and that clinical resistance to mTOR inhibitors may emerge through BCL2 expression and/or upregulation of HIF-1 alpha activity.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis/fisiología , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Animales , Supervivencia Celular , Everolimus , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia , Inmunosupresores/metabolismo , Etiquetado Corte-Fin in Situ , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Transgénicos , Fenotipo , Placebos , Próstata/citología , Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas , Proteínas Quinasas/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Sirolimus/análogos & derivados , Sirolimus/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR , Factores de Transcripción/genéticaRESUMEN
To determine whether Akt activation was sufficient for the transformation of normal prostate epithelial cells, murine prostate restricted Akt kinase activity was generated in transgenic mice (MPAKT mice). Akt expression led to p70S6K activation, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and bladder obstruction. mRNA expression profiles from MPAKT ventral prostate revealed similarities to human cancer and an angiogenic signature that included three angiogenin family members, one of which was found elevated in the plasma of men with prostate cancer. Thus, the MPAKT model may be useful in studying the role of Akt in prostate epithelial cell transformation and in the discovery of molecular markers relevant to human disease.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasia Intraepitelial Prostática/enzimología , Neoplasia Intraepitelial Prostática/etiología , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/metabolismo , Animales , Activación Enzimática , Genotipo , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Inmunohistoquímica , Hibridación in Situ , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Transgénicos , Neovascularización Patológica , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos , Molécula-1 de Adhesión Celular Endotelial de Plaqueta/biosíntesis , Próstata/enzimología , Próstata/metabolismo , Próstata/patología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt , ARN/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas S6 Ribosómicas 70-kDa/metabolismo , Transgenes , Vejiga Urinaria/patologíaRESUMEN
Extracts and isolated compounds from seedlings of Ailanthus altissima, were assessed for antiplasmodial activity in vitro. Two quassinoids, ailanthone and 6alpha-tigloyloxychaparrinone, isolated from the active extracts showed activity against both chloroquine-resistant and chloroquine-sensitive strains of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Only ailanthone demonstrated low toxicity against the Vero cell line (kidney cells from the African green monkey). This is the first report of the isolation and antiplasmodial activity of 6alpha-tigloyloxychaparrinone from this species.
Asunto(s)
Ailanthus , Antimaláricos/farmacología , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Plasmodium falciparum/efectos de los fármacos , Cuassinas/farmacología , Animales , Antimaláricos/administración & dosificación , Antimaláricos/uso terapéutico , Chlorocebus aethiops , Humanos , Malaria Falciparum/tratamiento farmacológico , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Parasitaria , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Cuassinas/administración & dosificación , Cuassinas/uso terapéutico , Plantones , Células VeroRESUMEN
Glucocorticoid hormones are important anti-inflammatory agents because of their anti-inflammatory and proapoptotic action within the immune system. Their clinical usefulness remains limited however by side effects that result in part from their growth inhibitory action on sensitive target tissues. The protein mediator, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), is an important regulator of the host immune response and exhibits both glucocorticoid-antagonistic and growth-regulatory properties. MIF has been shown to contribute significantly to the development of immunopathology in several models of inflammatory disease. Although there is emerging evidence for a functional interaction between MIF and glucocorticoids in vitro, little is known about their reciprocal influence in vivo. We investigated the expression of MIF in rat tissues after ablation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and after high-dose glucocorticoid administration. MIF expression is constitutive and independent of the influence of adrenal hormones. Hypophysectomy and the attendent loss of pituitary hormones, by contrast, decreased MIF protein content in the adrenal gland. Administration of dexamethasone was found to increase MIF protein expression in those organs that are considered to be sensitive to the growth inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids (immune and endocrine tissues, skin, and muscle). This increase was most likely because of a posttranscriptional regulatory effect because tissue MIF mRNA levels were not influenced by dexamethasone treatment. Finally, MIF immunoneutralization enhanced lymphocyte egress from blood during stress-induced lymphocyte redistribution, consistent with a functional interaction between MIF and glucocorticoids on immune cell trafficking in vivo. These findings suggest a role for MIF in both the homeostatic and physiological action of glucocorticoids in vivo.