Comparative Evaluation of Postoperative Pain in Primary Teeth Obturated With Zinc Oxide Eugenol versus Metapex: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

The fundamental objective of pulp treatment is to preserve the integrity and health of oral tissues. Pulp necrosis or irreversible pulpitis is the key indication for performing pulpectomy in primary teeth. It can be performed as a single-visit or multi-visit procedure using suitable obturating material. Various obturating materials can be used like zinc-oxide eugenol or metapex. A controversy reflects in literature and among experts in regard to single-visit or multi-visit endodontics. Hence, the purpose of this randomized clinical trial is to assess the incidence of postoperative pain with zinc oxide eugenol and metapex as an obturating material in single-visit and multiple-visit pulpectomy. The study was conducted at M S Ramaiah Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore in one year duration from 2020 to 2021. Two groups of children, forty in each group, aged between four to eight years, were included in the study. Groups were divided to perform single-visit and multi-visit endodontics with zinc-oxide eugenol and metapex as obturating material. The sample size of 40 were considered and allocated to respective group by concealment allocation. The conventional pulpectomy procedure was carried out. The post operative pain was assessed by using the pain scale through the telephonic conversation with the patient within 24 hours of treatment. Proportions were compared using Chi-square test of significance and the "p" value of less than 0.05 indicates statistical significance. The results showed, no statistically significant difference in teeth obturated with zinc oxide eugenol and metapex in both single-visit and multi-visit pulpectomy. The comparison of zinc oxide eugenol and metapex in single-visit group and multi-visit group had a 'p' value of 0.9233 and 0.4233 respectively. There were no differences between single and multi-visit treatment protocols with respect to the incidence of post operative pain. Single visit pulpectomy can be performed with added advantages with either zinc oxide eugenol or metapex.

Superolateral dislocation of the intact mandibular condyle: report of a rare case with a review.

Dislocation of the temporomandibular joint, which represents 3% of all dislocated joints reported in the body, occurs when the mandibular condyle is displaced anteriorly beyond the articular eminence. Although anterior dislocation of the mandibular condyle is well documented in the literature, superior, lateral, and posterior dislocation of the condyle is rare. Only a few reports documenting superolateral dislocation with anterior mandible fractures have been published in the past. However such dislocations without any associated fractures are even rarer. This report documents a case of superolateral dislocation of an intact mandible in a 48-year-old woman following a traumatic incident. This paper also reviews previously documented case reports and focuses on the causative mechanism, dynamics, and management of such dislocations.

A facile and green strategy for the synthesis of Au, Ag and Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles using aerial parts of R. hypocrateriformis extract and their biological evaluation.

A facile and green strategy is reported here to synthesize gold (Au), silver (Ag) and gold-silver (Au-Ag) alloy nanoparticles (NPs) through bio-reduction reactions of aqueous corresponding metal precursors mediated by extracts of aerial parts of R. hypocrateriformis, which act as both reducing and stabilizing agents, under microwave irradiation. UV-vis spectrophotometer, XRD, FT-IR, FESEM/TEM, TGA and EDAX analysis were used to characterize the obtained NPs. The formation of NPs is evident from their surface plasmon resonance peak observed at λmax=∼550, 450 and 500nm for Au, Ag and Au-Ag alloy NPs respectively. XRD pattern revealed that fcc structure, while FT-IR spectra signify the presence of phytochemicals adsorbed on NPs. Such a biofunctionalized NPs were characterized by their weight loss, 30% due to thermal degradation of plant phytochemicals observed in TG analysis. The spherical shape of Au, Ag and Au-Ag alloy NPs (∼10-50nm) is observed by FE-SEM/TEM images. EDAX analysis confirms the expected elemental composition. Moreover, these NPs showed enhanced antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, though it is more pronounced for Au-Ag alloy NPs, which is due to the combining effect of phytochemicals, Au and Ag metals. Thus, the biosynthesized NPs could be applied as effective growth inhibitors for various biomedical applications.

Solvent-free, microwave assisted Knoevenagel condensation of novel 2,5-disubstituted indole analogues and their biological evaluation.

A rapid, efficient and environmental benign methodology for the preparation of 2,5-disubstituted indole analogues is developed. 2,5-Disubstituted indole-3-carboxaldehydes (1a-c) undergo Knoevenagel condensation with barbiturates (2 &4), thiazolidine-2,4-dione (6) and 3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one (8) in solvent-free, NH(4)OAc catalyzed, microwave assisted reaction. Structures of the products thus obtained were confirmed by their m.p, Elemental analysis, IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and Mass spectral data. The in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities against three tumor cell lines were evaluated and discussed in terms of their structural differences. Among the screened compounds 9b, 9c, 7b and 5b exhibited excellent antioxidant activity. Compounds 9b, 9c and 7b have shown strong cytotoxicity among the compounds tested.

Synthesis, antioxidant and DNA cleavage activities of novel indole derivatives.

A new series of novel indole derivatives containing barbitone moiety (5a-i) are synthesized by simple and efficient condensation of chalcones (3a-i) with barbituric acid (4). The synthesized compounds are screened for their antioxidant (free radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power) and DNA cleavage activities were evaluated. Among the synthesized compounds (5a), (5d) and (5g) exhibited excellent antioxidant activity and all the tested compounds in the series have exhibited promising DNA cleavage activities. The structures of the synthesized compounds are assigned on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and mass spectral data.

Potential transition state phosphoramidate inhibitors of beta-tubulin as antifilarial agents.

Transition state phosphoramidate inhibitors of beta-tubulin were designed as potential antifilarial agents. The reaction of 2-aminobenzimidazole with diisopropyl phosphite and carbon tetrachloride at a low temperature gave the unexpected 1-diisopropoxyphosphoryl-2-aminobenzimidazole, which on heating gave the novel benzimidazole derivative, 2-(diisopropoxyphosphoryl)aminobenzimidazole. Both products were fully characterized and the synthetic procedure to both compounds was optimized. The procedure was used to prepare the related 5-benzoyl-2-(diisopropoxyphosphoryl)aminobenzimidazole and 5-benzoyl-2-(diethoxyphosphoryl)aminobenzimidazole (1d). In a preliminary trial against Brugia pahangi compound 1d was found to have no antifilarial activity. This lack of activity may be attributed to its extreme insolubility and thus low bioavailability. The synthesis of analogous, more soluble, phosphorothioate-substituted benzimidazoles using the same methods may yield compounds with greater antifilarial activity.