Experience of respectful maternity care during childbirth and associated factors in public hospitals of the South West Region of Ethiopia: an institution-based, cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine women's level of experience of respectful maternity care during childbirth and associated factors in public hospitals in the South West Region of Ethiopia. DESIGN: Institution-based, cross-sectional study. SETTING: The study was conducted at secondary-level healthcare institutions in the South West Region of Ethiopia from 1 June to 30 July 2021. PARTICIPANTS: 384 postpartum women were sampled from four hospitals using a systematic random sampling technique, allocating a proportion to each health facility. Pretested structured questionnaires were used to collect data from the postnatal mothers through a face-to-face exit interview. OUTCOME MEASURES: The level of respectful maternity care was measured according to the Mothers on Respect Index. P values of <0.05 and 95% CIs were used to determine statistical significance. RESULTS: Of the 384 sampled women, 370 postnatal mothers participated in the study (response rate 96.3%). 11.6% (95% CI 8.4% to 15.1%), 39.7% (95% CI 34.3% to 44.6%), 20.8% (95% CI 17.3% to 25.1%), and 27.8% (95% CI 23.5% to 32.4%) of women experienced very low, low, moderate, and high levels of respectful maternal care during childbirth, respectively. Having no formal education was negatively associated with experience of respectful maternal care (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.51, 95% CI 0.294 to 0.899), while daytime delivery (AOR 8.53, 95% CI 5.032 to 14.47), giving birth through caesarean section (AOR 2.19, 95% CI 1.410 to 3.404) and future intention to give birth within the health facility (AOR 5.18, 95% CI 3.019 to 8.899) were positively associated with respectful maternal care. CONCLUSION: In this study, only one-fourth of women experienced high-level respectful maternal care during childbirth. Responsible stakeholders must develop guidelines and strategies to monitor and harmonise respectful maternal care practices at all institutions.

Sexual violence and risk factors among night shift female college students in Hawassa city, South Ethiopia, 2020.

BACKGROUND: Sexual violence is any sexual act, attempt to obtain a sexual act, unwanted sexual comments or advances, against a person's sexuality using coercion, by any person regardless of their relationship to the victim, in any setting. Several studies were undertaken on sexual violence among students in general. Nevertheless, there is paucity of information about sexual violence among night shift students in particular; even if they are more vulnerable to sexual violence due to the nature of the class time. The government has embraced legal and policy frameworks to discourse the problem of sexual violence in Ethiopia; nevertheless, the problem still is quite pervasive. OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of sexual violence and risk factors among night shift female college students in Hawassa city. METHODS: Institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from 345 study participants. Systematic random sampling technique was used to choice study participants. Epi data version 3.1statistical software and Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.0 were used to enter and analysis the data. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to recognize risk factors. P values < 0.05 with 95% confidence level were used to state statistical significance. RESULTS: A total of 330 students were participated in the study making a response rate of 95.6% with a mean age of 24.9. The prevalence of last 12 month sexual violence was 202 (61.2%) 95% CI (55.8, 66.4) which includes rape, attempted rape and sexual harassment. The 12 month prevalence of each form of violence was 46 (13.9%) 95% CI (10.6, 17.9), 23 (6.9%) 95% CI (3.6, 10.9) and 163 (49.4%) 95% CI (46.2, 53.6) of rape, attempted rape and sexual harassment respectively. The independent predictors of sexual violence having a father with no formal education (AOR = 2.39, 95% CI 1.04, 5.33) presence of multiple sexual partners (AOR = 3.44, 95% CI 1.64, 7.2), having sexual partner (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI 1.03, 3.5), and consuming alcohol (3.55, 95% CI 1.84-6.85) by the victims. CONCLUSION: This study shown that the prevalence of sexual violence is high among night shift female college students in Hawassa city. Having a father with no formal education, drinking alcohol, having multiple sexual partners and having sexual partner were more likely to have sexual violence within the last 12 month. Thus, students should prevent themselves from health risky behaviors and Hawassa educational bureau should be work on awareness creation concerning women empowerment with in marriage and Further broad and longitudinal studies are needed to determine the predictors of the problem among female students at Hawassa and Ethiopia as a whole.

Knowledge and practices of pregnant women about iodized salt and its availability in their households in Hawassa city. Community-based cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This study was aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of pregnant women about iodized salt and its availability in their households in Hawassa city, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among pregnant women with a total sample size (N) = 553 in Hawassa city. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed. First, four sub-cities of Hawassa city (out of eight sub-cities) were selected using the lottery method. Households of pregnant women in each selected sub-city were identified and screened. Finally, representative samples were drawn using systematic random sampling technique. Results: A total of 537 pregnant women was included, a response rate of 97.1%. This was due to incomplete data for nine and participation refusal for seven participants. The mean age of the participants was 26.98 ± 4.75 years. About 52.51% and 52.33% of the respondents had good knowledge and good salt handling practices, respectively. Regarding availability of iodized salt, 65.55% of pregnant women (31.66% salt with iodine level ⩾15 parts per million (ppm) and 33.89% salt with iodine level <15 ppm) had iodized salt and the remaining 34.45% non-iodized salt (0 ppm) respectively. Conclusion: Availability of iodized salt in households of pregnant women was 65.55% (>0 ppm). More than one-third of pregnant women in Hawassa city are utilized non-iodized salt (0 ppm). Nearly half of the pregnant women in Hawassa city had poor knowledge and poor practice about iodized salt. Hawassa city Health Department along with concerned stakeholders should invest more effort to increase awareness about iodized salt and how to handle it safely in households.

Individual and community-level factors of perinatal mortality in the high mortality regions of Ethiopia: a multilevel mixed-effect analysis.

BACKGROUND: Even though perinatal mortality has declined globally; it is still the major public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa countries. Ethiopia is one of the sub-Saharan countries which contribute the highest-burden of perinatal mortality with a devastating rate in some of the regions. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of perinatal mortality in the high mortality regions of Ethiopia. METHOD: A secondary data analysis was done using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. The outcomes of 4120 pregnancies reaching ≥ 7 months of gestational age were considered for the analysis. A multilevel mixed logistic regression model was fitted to identify the predictors of perinatal mortality. Finally, a statistically significant association was declared at a p-value of ≤ 0.05. RESULT: The study found that birth interval < 2 years (AOR = 3.71, 95%CI:2.27, 6.07),having no antenatal care (AOR = 2.43,95%CI:1.15,5.38), initiating breastfeeding after 1 h(AOR = 4.01,95%CI:2.49,6.51), being distant from health institutions (AOR = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.24, 3.22), having previous terminated pregnancy (AOR = 4.68, 95%CI:2.76,7.86), being mothers not autonomous(AOR = 1.96, 95%CI:1.19,3.20),being no media exposure (AOR = 2.78, 95%CI:1.48,5.59),being households ≤ 4 family sizes (AOR = 4.12, 95%CI:2.19,7.79), having ≥ 6 parity (AOR = 2.48, 95%CI:1.21, 5.22) were associated with a high odds of perinatal mortality. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that birth interval, antenatal care, time for breastfeeding initiation, distance from health institutions, previous history of terminated pregnancy, maternal autonomy, media exposure, family size, and parity were predictors of prenatal mortality. Therefore, programmatic emphases to maternal waiting service utilization for mothers distant from health institutions and media advertising regarding the complications related to pregnancy, childbirth and on its respective direction that the mothers should follow could reduce perinatal mortality in high mortality regions of Ethiopia.

Minimum acceptable diet practice and its associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in rural communities of Goncha district, north West Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: After the first 6 months breast milk is no longer sufficient to meet the nutritional needs of the infant. Therefore, complementary foods should be added to the child's diet. Feeding children with a diversified diet is practiced improperly in developing countries including Ethiopia particularly in the rural community of the Amhara region. However, limited information was documented on the rural communities and no data were available specifically in the study area to show the exact picture of child feeding practices. So, this study was planned to assess minimum acceptable diet practice and its associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in the rural community of Goncha district, Amhara region, Ethiopia. METHODS: Community-based cross-sectional study was employed to determine minimum acceptable diet practice and its associated factors among children aged 6-23 months at rural communities of Goncha district, East Gojjam zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select study subjects, and an interview administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were entered by Epi Data version 4.0.2 and exported to SPSS 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to see the association. Then, P-value < 0.05 with 95% CI on multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to identify the predictor of the outcome variable. RESULTS: A total of 430 mothers who have children aged 6-23 months were included in the analysis with a 98% of response rate. About 12.6% of children aged 6-23 months received the recommended minimum acceptable diet. Children whose mothers who had formal education [AOR = 2.7, 95%CI (1.133, 6.231)], institutional delivery [AOR = 4.5, 95%CI (1.986, 10.362)], media exposure [AOR = 2.6, 95%CI (1.303, 5.291)] and higher household wealth index [AOR = 2.5, 95%CI (1.139, 5.90)] were significantly associated with minimum acceptable diet. CONCLUSION: The practice of minimum acceptable diet in the study area was inadequate and very low according to the national recommendation. So, strengthening institutional delivery, improving the wealth of the community and exposure to media, and finally empowering women's' for education is recommended.