Evaluation of the Functional State of Operators with Allowance for Individual Psychological Characteristics.

The article deals with the features of the evaluation of changes in functional state during the professional activity of operators. We estimated the dynamics of the functional state and efficiency of operatorsunder the effect of aircraft noise and individual psychophysiological characteristics. We also investigated changes in the functional state of operators depending on their psychological characteristics. It was found that changes in the functional state of the organism in operators with high level of anxiety, low degree of extroversion and high emotional lability were more pronounced in the modeling of operator activity with exposure to aircraft noise, as evidenced by significant changes in psychophysiological parameters. After 60 minutes of noise stress, the latent period of a simple and a complex sensorimotor reaction in introverts increased by 9.1% (p < 0.05) and 8.1% (p < 0.05), respectively. In the group of subjects with high level of anxiety, there were a decrease in the general state, activity and mood by 18.9% (p < 0.01), 20.9 and 14.9% (p < 0.05), respectively, and a decrease in the accuracy of reaction to a.moving object by 3 times (p < 0.05). The latent period of simple sensorimotor reaction in emotionally labile subjects after the exercise was increased by 15% (p < 0.05), and the reaction time on a moving object was increased by 8:9% (p < 0.05) as compared with the group of emotionally stable sub- jects. Thus, the data suggest that changes in the functional state of operators depend on the level of extroversion, personal anxiety and emotional lability and do not depend on'the level of behavioral regulation, which must be taken into considerationduring the assessment of functional state.

[Medical Aspects of Flight Safety].

One of the priorities of aviation medicine is meaicai sajety ojjugnts. - ne arricie presents tne resuits oj an anaiysis oj current trenas ana the main lines of activity of the medical service for ensuring the safety of flights. The problematic issues of medical control over the health of aviation specialists have been identified and ways of their solution have been proposed.

[Modern means of statokinetic improvement and vestibular rehabilitation].

The article presents the results of studying the effectiveness of the complex vestibular workouts based on non-invasive neuromodulation technology in 37 healthy patients aged 18-20 years who have symptoms of aerial sickness in 5 or less minutes. Non-invasive neuromodulation wire-familiarize with the apparatus for vestibular rehabilitation "Brain-Port" (USA), performing electric tactile stimulation of the tongue with biofeedback. An indicator of statokinetic stability was considered from time to tolerance to the vestibular load up to development of vegetative manifestations of aerial sickness. 'Improvement of statokinetic tolerability vestibular training confirmed by computed posturography and gait analysis. Increase of statokinetic stability accompanied not only by an increase in exposure, necessary for motion sickness, but also a decrease in autonomic manifestations, which are the main obstacle to the operator's military activities. Improving balance and gait performance after the swipe-of vestibular training course demonstrates the possible realization of two mechanisms of compensatory and restorative processes: sensory substitution equilibrium function and induction of neuroplasticity in short time.

[Psychophysiological methods to support pilots training in the flight simulator].

Psychophysiological methods to support pilots training in the flight simulator. Despite the fact that the pilot performance in commercial and state aviation has some differences the same methodology and training philosophy are used in the organization of flight simulator training. The article presents the results of adaptation of psychophysiological methods to support flight simulator training for pilots of civil aviation, developed for military pilots. It is shown that the existing system for assessing pilots training in flight simulator, which is one of the most important stages of flight training for aviation, is not a sufficient level of objectification. It has been suggested to use psychophysiological inflight monitoring for integrated assessment of skills development along with instructor's assessment. Psychophysiological monitoring included such indices as residual attention and stress index for assessing pilot physiological activity, which enables the instructor to choose the strategies for further training.

[Actual problems of medical care of aviation specialists in the Arctic region].

The article considers the influence of geographic and climatic conditions of the Arctic on a functional condition of aviation professionals. Marked possible effects of aggressive environmental factors on the health of the personnel. Studied the dynamics of the recovery functions of the cardio-respiratory system and of the indicators of general clinical blood test in a period of adaptation to the conditions of the middle latitudes after the return of the personnel from the Arctic. Identified the main activities to preserve the health of aviation specialists, depending on the length of stay in the Arctic region and age.

[Prospects of computer-assisted assessment of functional health status of military personnel].

The article is devoted to the development of:an integrated system for remote assessment of the functional state of the military serivcemen. A review of domestic and foreign literature concerning this problem is presented and proposed a new look and approach to monitoring the combat capability of the military servicemen. The authors carried out analysis of the possibility of using accumulated experience and the use of high-tech means to solve an assigned task at the level <> and gave a concrete way to solve this task at the current stage to improve the quality of health care and the efficiency of professional activity of servicemen.

[Peculiarities of medical backup of low flight course and nap-of-the-earth].

Authors presented peculiarities of low flight course and nap-of-the-earth: quick change of orientation cues, ground proximity, possible bird collision, loss of radio signal, exposure of oscillating acceleration, caused by increased atmosphere turbulence. It is showed that low flight course and nap-of-the-earth require special health status of pilots, who must be ready to evaluate obstacle distance, obstacle position relative to aircraft plane, gain in altitude, flight elevation and closing speed, new obstacles and make a decision to fly-by or turn. These circumstances cause emotional tension that affects working capacity and professional reliance. Air medical officer should take additional measures for medical backup of these flight courses.

[The main ways of improvement of medical support of the Air Forces in modern conditions].

Blaginin A.A., Grebenyuk A.N., Lizogub LN. - The main ways of improvement of medical support of the Air Forces in modern conditions. Aircrew conducting active hostilities suffers from the whole spectrum of factors and conditions of the combat situation. The main task for the medical service of the Air Force is to carry out preventive and curative action for aviation specialists who are responsible for the combat capability of aircraft formations. The medical service of the Air Force must have forces and facilities for planning, organization and implementation of the treatment of lightly wounded and sick aviation professionals with short periods of recovery, medical rehabilitation of aircrew qfter suffering injuries, diseases, sanatorium therapy of aircrew with partial failure of health, outpatient and inpatient medical examination aircrew - flight commissions, preventive rest of aviation specialists with symptoms of chronic fatigue. Should be trained aviation physicians, including both basic military medical education and in-depth study of the medical aspects of various fields of personnel of the Air Force.

[About the problem of high-altitude decompression sickness and its treatment].

It gives the idea of the modern conception of intravascular aerogenesis. It reviews the modern methods of diagnostics and treatment of altitude decompression sickness and gives guidelines to the doctor's actions by rendering medical aid in case of altitude decompression sickness.

[Medical aspects of current flight safety concept of air forces of the Russian Federation].

Issues of medical supply of aviation operations, that is part of general system of flight safety are analyzed in this article. One of the main issues is development of the system of vocational preparation of medical personnel, taking part in organization and carrying flights. This issue consists of several themes: formation of united system of education from primary to post graduate; formation of modern training facility; assurance of high potential in academic and teaching staff and providing of good basic training and high learning motivation of applicants, who wants to become a air medical officer. Fundamental principles of developed concept of medical supply of flight safety are presented. It is shown that the essential condition of good implementation of the given concept is informaltion support of all its structures.

[The contribution of the Military Medical Academy to space exploration].

The article examines the contribution of the Military Medical Academy as an educational, research and medical institutions in the establishment and development of the national Russian manned spaceflight. Lists the names of the Academy's scientists, working in laboratories and in the Cosmonaut Training Center. In 1958 the academy was formed Department of Aviation Medicine from the research laboratories of aviation medicine, psychophysiology, and encephalography, a division of pressure chambers and furnaces. Direct contribution to the preparation of the first manned space flight made by graduates of the academy, E.A. Karpov (the first chief of Cosmonauts Training Center. Yuri Gagarin) and I.A. Kolosov. Over the half century history of the Russian Space Military Medical Academy, prepared and sent to the CPC Gagarin more than 110 of its graduates.

[The profile training of aviation doctors].

Authors consider the trends of training doctors in the specialty "physician in aerospace medicine". First level is initial training for faculty training of doctors. The higher level is vocational retraining and advanced training in the departments of postgraduate and further education. It solved the issues of preparation of specialists in various areas of aviation medicine: medical-chairman of the Flight Commission, an expert medical doctor-flight expert committee, a specialist laboratory (Cabinet) of Aviation Medicine, the Medical Director of Aviation (enterprise, organization), etc. The highest level of training is residency. The necessity of legislative consolidation of an independent direction for the organization of training and medical support of aviation operations is proved.

[Directions of improvement of psycho-physiological supply of professional activity of specialists of manipulation of spacecrafts].

Were determined components of systems of guarantee of security of activity of specialists of manipulation of spacecrafts (SC): abidance by general organizational-methodological rules and principles of work, excluding violations in organization of duty, preventing of nonfulfillment and failure of sessions of control by SC, determination and deleting negative factors of operative activity, guarantee of safety of system "man-mechanism-environment." Were determined peculiarities of activity of specialists of manipulation of spacecrafts, their professionally important qualities, which had to be considered in effectuating of professional psycho-selection. Were shown regularities of changes in functional state and professional working capacity of operators of command-measured complexes during daily duty and during cycle of a year. Was made a conclusion about necessity of improvement of system of psychophysiological accompaniment of activity of specialists of manipulation of SC.

[Changes in the work capacity of the operators of command-measuring systems during daily duty]. / Izmenenie rabotosposobnosti operatorov komandno-izmeritel'nykh kompleksov v protsesse sutochnogo dezhurstva.

Through 12 hours of work the operators of command-measuring complexes had initial signs of exhaustion, showed them-self by decrease of health state, activity, mood, increase of latent period of simple sensorimotor reaction. These changes of a functional condition had no effect on quality of fulfillment of target problems. At the end of daily duty exhaustion, described by deterioration of health state, increase of operators' anxiousness, rapid pulse, reduction of time of delay of breath, increase of time of instability of sensorimotor reactions, amount of faulty actions, reduction of speed of mental processes and distribution of attention were developed.

[The biorhythmological aspects of flight activities]. / Bioritmologicheskie aspekty letnoi deiatel'nosti.

The quality of adaptative reactions is determined by evolutionary possibilities to speed the reconstruction of biological process. As a rule these are transmeridian and orbital flights which drastically change the biorythmological structure of functions of human organism due to alterations occurred in the so-called "time-sensors". The prolonged desynchronization of physiological functions caused by the external factors could become the primary reason of morbid status and low performance capability which thus will need preventive and corrective treatment.