[Pantogam in daily psychiatric practice].

Pantogam was used as a corrector of the side-effects of neuroleptic therapy. The adverse effects were assessed psychometrically with several scales. Attention was focused on the unwanted signs (pathological movements of different groups of muscles). Fifty patients were studied, 37 of them completed the treatment course. Pantogam was administered in dosage 750-3000 mg per day along with traditional and atypical neuroleptics. The drug was effective against the most prevalent side-effects. The mild sedative effect of pantogam, absence of negative influence on myocardial vessels and possibility of its combination with most pharmacological drugs make its possible to use the drug in patients of different age groups.

[The results of questionnaire survey in the patients with affective disorders (European study)]. / Rezul'taty oprosa bol'nykh, stradaiushchikh affektivnymi rasstroistvami (evropeiskoe issledovanie).

The project "Bipolar Educative Awareness Material (BEAM) included a questioning of 1732 patients with affective disorders from 11 European countries. In the present study, the results obtained in Russia are compared to total ones. Russian patients are featured by higher percentage of women and elderly as well as higher education level. The late age at disease onset and earlier diagnostics also were found. There was a significant difference in depression therapy: in most European countries antidepressant of last generation are used most frequently, however in Russia, standard neuroleptics and amitriptilin appear to be standard medications. This difference did not influence on a number of hospitalisations, which was the same both in Russian and BEAM groups. But significantly fewer patients questioned in Russia were satisfied with therapeutic efficacy. Besides, an extent of patient's involvement in public movements and educational programs in Russia was essentially lower, comparing to the total BEAM group, and the patients questioned were less aware of their disease.

[Contemporary system of mental health care: epidemiologic aspects]. / Sovremennaia sistema psikhiatricheskoi pomoshchi: épdemiologicheskii aspekt.

The authors suppose that adequate mental health care management should be based on the knowledge about the number of its potential patients. In order to determine this number the authors formulated a hypothesis that the necessary period of the observation of patients depends on the course of the disease and on the risk of the relapse. From the authors' point of view all mental disorders comprise 3 groups. Patients who belong to the 1-st group need observation during all their life; patients from the 2-nd group need observation during an active period of the illness; patients from the 3-d group need observation during the acute period only. On the basis of estimation of the full number of mentally ill people in Russia the authors calculate a size of each group and the total number of the potential patients--about 21 million of people (14% of the Russian population). This rate has been defined as "the actual number of mental patients".

[The epidemiological aspect of the problem of diagnosing borderline mental disorders]. / Epidemiologicheskii aspekt problemy diagnostiki pogranichnykh psikhicheskikh rasstroistv.

The range of prevalence rates for borderline mental disorders is very wide: from 17 to 210 cases per 1000 population. Considerable differences are explained both by a problem of detection of such patients and by certain diagnostic difficulties. Most clinical notions concerning borderline states are insufficiently definite and this has considerable influence on the results of epidemiologic researches. Analysis of the frequency of clinical diagnoses in two Moscow primary care out-patient clinics showed considerable differences which has disappeared under ICD-10 diagnosis.

[The prevalence of borderline mental disorders in persons of either sex]. / Rasprostranennost' pogranichnykh psikhicheskikh rasstroistv u lits raznogo pola.

Examination of patients in two Moscow general out-patient clinics (No 84 and 127) revealed that there were much more women (80.9%) with borderline mental disorders (BMD) in comparison with men. This finding corresponded well to literary data about higher incidence of BMD (especially of mild depressions) in women. However, profound investigation revealed that existing indices of BMD sex prevalence didn't reflect the real differences in BMD (affective especially) incidence in men and women, but they occurred most probably as the result of interaction of three factors, namely: the real sex difference in prevalence of these disorders, their masking by alcoholism in men, and differences in "medical behaviour" in women and men.

[The patients of the psychiatric office of a polyclinic: patients undetected by the clinic or a new contingent?]. / Patsienty psikhiatricheskogo kabineta polikliniki: nedovyiavlennye dispanserom bol'nye ili novyi kontingent?

Epidemiology study of patients in primary care settings has shown prevalence of borderline mental disorders (41.58 per 1000 population) in comparison with patients of psychiatric outpatient clinic (11.4 per 1000). The question arises were those undetected by psychiatric out-patient clinics (those who didn't visit psychiatrist for individual reasons) or they represented another contingent. Comparative analysis of groups standardized on nosological, syndromal and educational levels revealed that there were various contingents of patients. The main difference was determined by different duration of disease before the first visit to psychiatrist, that reflected various severity of the disease (less severity of the disease was observed in patients of primary care institutions).