[Surgical treatment and prophylaxis of pulmonary thromboembolism for renal cancer with presence of the implantation clots of the inferior vena cava].

Surgical treatment of 91 patients, suffering the renal cell cancer (RCC), complicated by tumoral thrombosis of inferior vena cava, was analyzed. In accordance to the Mayo clinic classification, there in the patients the tumoral thrombus spreading was revealed, depending on tumoral affection of a kidney (right-sided/left-sided): level 0--in 39 (31/8); level I--in 20 (6/14); level II--in 17(12/5); level III--in 11 (11/0); level IV--in 4 (3/1). Incomplete apparatus cavaplication was performed in 32 patients. There was proved, that incomplete apparatus cavaplication constitutes an effective method of surgical prophylaxis of pulmonary thromboembolism in patients, suffering RCC.

[Radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy in patients with renal cell cancer complicated by tumoral thrombosis of the renal vein and vena cava inferior].

Surgical treatment was conducted in 81 patients, suffering renocellular cancer (RCC), complicated by a renal vein and vena cava inferior thrombosis. According to the Mayo clinic classification, the level of a tumoral thrombus spread was established: the 0 level--in 37 patients, the level I--in 19, the level II--in 17, the level III --in 6, and the level IV--in 2. There were substantiated the optimal surgical accesses and technique of radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy for RCC, complicated by a renal vein and vena cava inferior thrombosis. It is recommended to apply transabdominal accesses: the extended median laparotomic, bilateral subcostal of a "Chevron" or "Mercedes" type. There was shown, that the access choice depends on the level of the tumoral thrombus localization.

[The calixarenes C-97 and C-107 stimulate influence of ouabain on the Na+,K+-ATPase activity in plasmatic membrane of smooth muscle cells].

In the experiments carried out with the suspension of the myometrium cell plasmatic membranes treated with 0.1% digitonin solution the authors investigated influence of the calix[4]arenes C-97 and C-107 (codes are shown) on ouabain effect on the Na+,K+-ATPase activity. It was shown that calixarenes in concentration 100 tiM inhibited by 97-98% the enzymatic Na+,K+-ATPase activity, while they did not practically influence on the basal Mg2+-ATPase activity, and suppressed much more effective than ouabain the sodium pump enzymatic activity: in the case of the action of the calixarenes the value of the apparent constant of inhibition I0.5 was < 0.1 microM while for ouabain it was 15-25 microM. The negative cooperative effect was typical of the inhibitory action of calixarenes, as well as ouabain: the value of Hills factor nH = 0.3-0.5 <1. The modelling compound M-3 (0.1 microM 4 microM)--a fragment of the calixarene C-107--did not practically influence the enzymatic activities as Na+,K+-ATPase and basal Mg2+-ATPase. Hence the influence of calixarene C-107 on the Na+, K+-ATPase activity is caused by cooperative action of two fragments M-3 and effect of calixarene bowl, rather than by simple action of the fragment M-3. Calixarenes C-97 and C-107, used in concentration corresponding to values of I0.5 (40 and 60 nM, accordingly), essentially stimulated inhibiting action of ouabain on the specific Na+, K+-ATPase activity in the memrane fraction. Under coaction of ouabain with calixarene C-97 or C-107 there was no additive effect of the action of these inhibitors on the Na+,K+-ATPase activity. Calixarene C-97 brought in the incubation medium in concentration of 10 nM not only led to inhibition of the Na+,K+-ATPase activity relative to control, but also simultaneously increased the affinity of the enzyme for the cardiac glycoside: the magnitudes of the apparent constant of inhibition I0.5 were 21.0 +/- 5.2 microM and 5.3 +/- 0.7 microM. It is concluded, that highly effective inhibitors of the Na+,K+-ATPase activity--calixarenes C-97 and C-107 can enhance the effect of the sodium pump conventional inhibitor--ouabain, increasing the affinity of the enzyme for the cardiac glycoside (on the example of calixarene C-97).