Vascular morphometry and micrometry of the orbital region of the human optic nerve.

The study aims at providing data on the vascular morphometry and micrometry of the orbital region of the human optic nerve. The disposition of the microcirculatory trunk in the orbital region has been studied on 40 samples taken post-mortem, as well as on 10 pieces from subjects having undergone enucleation. Histological specimens were prepared from the optic nerves using eosinhematoxylin dye-staining, the Romhany-Bârzu staining and the Gomory trichromic staining. Functionally active capillaries make up 19.380 per cent (7-14 micro group), respectively 21.318 per cent (15-20 micro group) of the total vessels in the area, having an average diameter of 10.01 +/- 0.0826085 p, respectively 17.9272 +/- 0.0651995 micro, for P = 0.05. There are 169 reserve capillaries (with a diameter between 2-6 micron), representing 32.752 of the total of vessels counted. The existence of reserve capillaries allows, at a certain point, for the supplying of the obstruction or of the vasospasm on the territory of the functionally active capillary

The adult coeliac ganglion: a morphologic study.

The coeliac plexus is located on the sides of the coeliac trunk and nearby the origins of the superior mesenteric and renal arteries. Afferent branches get to this plexus from the vagus nerve, splanchnic nerves and the right phrenic nerve; efferents leave for viscera through periarterial plexuses and the retroportal nerves. The coeliac plexus ganglia - coeliac, superior mesenteric, aorticorenal - are prevertebral ganglia that receive the preganglionic sympathetic fibers brought by the splanchnic nerves from the thoracic spinal cord. For studying the adult coeliac ganglia dissections were performed then pieces were drawn for silver staining by the method of Bielschowsky on blocks and HE stains. The adult coeliac ganglia consist of well-defined ganglionic subunits, of a varying number of neurons with somata ranging from 14 to 48 microns and characteristically involved in extensive dendritic fields. Individual degrees of coalescence may justify the macroscopic appearance of the coeliac ganglion but its structure keeps distinctive subunits.

Benign gastric tumors. Anatomopathological aspects of the gastric wall.

UNLABELLED: Benign tumours of the stomach are quite rare and are discovered accidentally during routine endoscopy or necroscopy. They represent less than 20 per cent of gastric tumours, and their clinical picture consists in pain, bleeding and antropyloric stenosis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The cases were studied retrospectively over a 10-year period (1995 - 2005) and consist of patients that underwent needle biopsies and surgery in the Timis County Hospital. RESULTS: Benign tumoural pathology was present in 73 cases, 43 (58.9%) in women, 30 (42.1%) in men. The age of the patients ranged between 36-88 years in women, and 31-87 years in men. The material for study consisted in gastric resection pieces and specimens of needle biopsy. In order to establish the histopathological diagnosis and to define the specific type of the damage, the first specimens were stained using morphological methods. Routine morphological investigation was carried out through Hematoxylin-Eosine staining, which was the standard technique used for all the cases.

Anatomic and pathological aspects in the pathology of malignant gastric tumors.

Efforts in perfecting the methods of early diagnosis, in trying to assess premalignant conditions, and in properly staging malignant tumors are still in trend. The geographic area around Timisoara (Banat Region) is situated on the first place in the country as far as the gastric location of cancer is concerned. The authors aimed to deal with the initial stage in the development of gastric cancer, a stage which has been oncologically termed "precancerous damage", and with the neoplastic invasion of the gastric wall. The present paper is based on the 1995-2005 statistics of the IInd Surgical Department of the Timisoara County Hospital, the study group consisting of 802 patients admitted for gastric disorders, 522 of which being later diagnosed with a tumoral pathology. Routine morphological tests were conducted on biopsy pieces dye stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin, standard technique, the van Gieson trichromic staining, the Giemsa staining, the AA-PAS staining and the immunoreaction methods. The age for gastric tumoral pathology ranged between 36-88 years in females, and 31-87 years in males. Most gastric carcinomas are adenocarcinoma, 404 (90%) cases--could be classified as follows: 167 cases of tubular adenocarcinoma; 39 cases of papillary adenocarcinoma; 24 cases of mucinous or colloid adenocarcinoma; 141 "signet ring"-cell carcinoma; 33 cases of undifferentiated carcinoma. Currently there is an increase of the incidence of the "diffuse"-type in women and at younger ages. Attention should be given to precancerous conditions; there was a large number of premalignant or potentially malignant gastric damage: atrophic chronic gastritis (54 cases), intestinal metaplasia (104 cases), and gastric dysplasia (104 cases).

The value of radio-imaging methods in the diagnosis of chest wall metastases.

The aim of the study was to reveal the value of radio-imaging methods in the diagnostic assessment of chest wall metastases. We retrospectively reviewed 48 cases of chest wall metastases examined clinically, radiologically, by ultrasound, CT-scan and MRI. All cases were histologically assessed by surgical biopsies. Plain chest radiography (X-ray) was in all cases a prerequisite for any evaluation of the chest wall being of great value in demonstration of the displaced rib fractures, localized bony destruction and the detection of most soft tissue lesions. The ultrasound examination (US) allowed real time analysis and thus the functional imaging of the chest wall metastases with special interest in vascular impairment being limited by relatively small field of view with more difficulties in anatomical orientation. With involvement of bone marrow and spinal cord, MRI became the most sensitive and the most specific imaging method, successfully diagnosing intramedullar lesions in three cases. In the detection of chest wall infiltration by primary malignancies from the lung, pleura, pericardium, breast and spinal cord we preferred the CT-scan, which revealed the presence of the lesions in 29 cases with typically obtuse angles against the adjacent chest wall and pleura. In the imaging evaluation of malignant lymphoma the CT-scan demonstrated chest wall extension in five cases. CT-scan and MRI revealed chest wall localization for distant metastases in 14 cases. The imaging methods clearly showed the number, the extent, the anatomic reports and the aggressive characteristics of chest wall metastases being of great value in the decision of adequate therapy.

[Neovascularization in rat optic nerve]. / Studiu experimental al microcirculatiei nervului optic de sobolan.

The study aims at assessing possible age-induced alterations in the nervous vascular network by examining the microcirculation of the optic nerve in rats grouped by age. Histological specimens were stained with hematoxiline-eosine, the Romhany-Barzu dye staining and the Gomory tri-chromic dye staining. The volume, section surface and total surface of 2-6 micro and 7-14 micro vessels were determined on a total of 960 vessels of this group, over a five square millimeter area. The tables show the increase of vascular parameters from birth to adulthood, and the fact that not all the vessels were injected in old animals. The density of the vessels per square millimeter, their average length and average diameters, error calculus, variation coefficient, Student test and chi2 allow assessing the differences between animals belonging to the same species but to different age groups, or under the influence of medication.

Correlations between anomalies of jugular veins and areas of vascular drainage of head and neck.

The study conducted on 60 human cadavers preserved in formalin, in the Anatomy Laboratory of the "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, during 2000-2006, observed the internal and external jugular veins from the point of view of their origin, course and affluents. The morphological variability of the jugular veins (external jugular that receives as affluents the facial and lingual veins and drains into the internal jugular, draining the latter's territory--3.33%; internal jugular that receives the lingual, upper thyroid and facial veins, independent--13.33%, via the linguofacial trunk--50%, and via thyrolinguofacial trunk--33.33%) made possible the correlation of these anomalies with disorders in the ontogenetic development of the veins of the neck. Knowing the variants of origin, course and drainage area of jugular veins is important not only for the anatomist but also for the surgeon operating at this level.

The construction of human body--from model to reality.

The human body building represented a complex research topic for the scientist in the most diverse domains. Although their interests and reasons were different, the goal was always the same: establishing a relation to verify the ratio between the dimensions of the constituent segments It appears that the mystery was solved out in the XIX-th century by Adolf Zeising, a German, who, using the statistic calculus, defined the division of a segment by the gold section. This purely mathematic logic confirms the human body's integration in proportion to the finest segments, thus providing the technical instrument of building a fully harmonious human body. The present study aims to compare the ideal, the calculated perfection to the reality, namely the theoretically obtained values to the average values of an 18-year-old male. It appears that the differences refer especially to the limbs; both the superior ones and the inferior ones being longer comparing to the ideal pattern while the bust is shorter and broader.

Morphological changes in dental pulp after the teeth preparation procedure.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate changes in the pulp-dentin complex that result from crown preparation, and their correlation with the thickness of remaining dentin and the preparation technique (with or without water spray cooling). Thirty upper intact premolars scheduled for extraction for orthodontic reasons were high speed prepared, extracted immediately after preparation and divided in 5 groups. The analysis of the pulp morphology demonstrated that there are several differences according with the preparation technique. The most severe changes appear after the profound preparation without water-cooling, the odontoblastic layer being extremely affected. Also, vascular reactions and inflammatory infiltrate (in the absence of bacteria) were present. Our study revealed that the histologic changes in the pulp and dentin following complete crown preparation occur anyway and they are considered difficult to avoid, even if an adequate technique of preparation is used.

The importance of CT scan in the clinical-morphological and anatomical assessment of mediastinal lymphomas.

The study points out the value of CT scan in the investigative algorithm of mediastinal lymphomas. Thirty-eight cases of mediastinal malignant lymphoma were evaluated in a statistical retrospective study. CT scan was used for staging the disease in 25 cases and for post-therapeutic evaluation in the other 13 cases. The CT scan for staging purpose has shown the presence of significant isolated and confluent enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinum in all 25 cases. Post-therapeutic evaluation of the 13 cases examined by CT showed six remissions, five reductions of lymph node masses and two extra nodal extensions. CT scan is the imaging method of choice in the clinico-morphological and anatomical assessment of mediastinal lymphomas.

Aspects referring to the morphological variability of the abdominal branches of pneumogastric nerve (nervus vagus).

Terminal part and the abdominal branches of pneumogastric nerve were and still is an up-to-date problem not only through the anatomic importance but also through its implications in surgical practice. The study was done on 50 corpses using the dissection method. We are looking after torsion variants of pneumogastric nerves around the esophagus, morphological variability of the periesophageal pnemogastric plexus among witch the pnemogastric nerves loose theirs individuality through the mixture and the anastomoses of the fibers and the morphological variability of abdominal branches of the nerve, grouped by us in anterior and posterior branches.

Variation of cephalometric parameters in peri-puberty cephalometric aspects of sexual dymorphism.

The data regarding the global and segmental growth and development of the child are useful in pluri-disciplinary studies which view the human body as an entity where the biological aspects (both the normal and the pathological ones) interlace with the socio-cultural ones, thus offering the possibility to any specialist in the field of humanities and morphological studies to cover a wide range in contemporary anthropological research. The development of the skull takes place in two active stages separated by a stage of relative quiet during the age of seven and puberty when the skull has a dolicocephalic aspect. During the second stage of active growth (which starts with puberty) there is a transversal growth of the basis of the cranium followed by an anteroposterior growth. The degree of gender-related differences as far as the dimensions and proportions of the skull are concerned vary greatly according to race, therefore we may say that general ethnic differences are more pronounced than gender-related ones.

Oligoelements in dog's chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis through dimethylnitrosamine.

By the emission spectrographic analysis, we have searched the following oligoelements: Mn, Cd, Cu, Be, Cr, Ge, Nb, Ga, Zr, W, Pb, Sn, As, Zn, Ag, Sb, Ni, Bi, Co, Mo, and V, in the aortic arterial blood, in the caval, portal and suprahepatic vein blood, in ascite and in the bile, in control and in intoxicated dogs with dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA). Be, Ge, Nb, Ga, W, As, Sb were never found. Increased values of Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Mo and V were noticed. The differences between the values obtained at intoxicated dogs against the control dogs were sometimes clear; at other times they were equal. This is the case of Ag in the aortic and suprahepatic vein blood and in the bile. In the portal vein blood Zn exceeds almost two times the values obtained in the intoxicated dogs. Also in the portal vein blood, Mo is almost three times more in the control dogs than in the intoxicated ones. But, generally, the values of the controls are below those found by the intoxicated dogs.