Premature loss of primary molars in children: space recovery through molar distalisation. A literature review.

AIM: The integrity of primary dentition is essential in the development of the jaws and permanent occlusion. The consequences of a premature loss of primary molars are: space loss, crowding, risk of impaction of the permanent teeth, ectopic eruption, anomalous inclination of the teeth adjacent to the loss molar, reduction of arch length. The mesial displacement of the posterior permanent teeth during eruption can cause a loss of space, which can be regained with orthodontic appliances. Therefore, a careful diagnosis is of great importance to be able to decide what appliance is indicated to recover from this situation. Molar distalisation consists in displacing permanent molars distally, allowing them to reach class I relationship and to recover the correct space for the second bicuspids when the second deciduous molar has been lost early. METHODS: The aim of this study is to carry out a narrative literature review regarding the different appliances and their effectiveness in regaining space after premature loss of the upper primary molars. CONCLUSION: The paediatric dentist should be aware of the advantages and disadvantages related to each device and select the most appropriate distalisation appliance based on an individual plan of diagnosis and a careful treatment. The distalisation of the upper molar must be adequately stabilised and so it is important to consider also some retainers such as Nance's appliance, the Palatal Plate, the extraoral traction, the utility arch, or II Class elastic bands.

Melioidosis in a traveller from Thailand: case report.

A 42-year old Italian male with type 2 diabetes and HCV-related chronic hepatitis spent 6 months in Thailand. After his return in June 2002 he was admitted to the Infectious Diseases Unit of the Hospital of Livorno (Italy) because of fever, chest pain and skin abscesses in the legs. Chest X-rays and CT scan revealed multiple bilateral cavitary lesions in the lungs. Ultrasonography and CT scan showed numerous subcentimetric spleen abscesses. Burkholderia pseudomallei was isolated from the cutaneous lesions and sputum and thus melioidosis was diagnosed. A 6-week course of i.v. ceftazidime plus oral doxycycline was given during the acute phase of the illness. The in vitro susceptibility testing showed that long-term (20 weeks) antimicrobial therapy with doxycycline and moxifloxacin was required. Complete resolution of pulmonary and spleen lesions was obtained within 6 weeks of therapy and of cutaneous abscesses in 10 weeks. No significant side effects were noted during the follow-up period using this scheme of antimicrobial therapy.

[Top medical management and levels of knowledge about the application of the D.lgs. 626/94]. / Dirigenza medica apicale e livelli di consapevolezza circa l'applicazione del D.lgs. 626/94.

The incorporation into Italian legislation of the European Community directives on the improvement of health and safety at work imposes new duties on the department heads of hospital departments. Their level of knowledge and information on several safety problems--occupational infections, exposure to chemical agents, use of antineoplastic and antiviral drugs, use of protective garments and devices, exposure to ionizing and non ionizing radiations, use of electric devices, lifting and loading, fire prevention--was surveyed in a large teaching hospital in northern Italy, via a check-list derived from Italian and international experience. Both knowledge and information resulted rather low, with particular regard to chemical, electric and fire hazards. The ignorance of department heads about common safety and prevention procedures in hospital work does not allow them to carry out their role according to the new requirements of Italian legislation. However, as they "must" know and have criminal responsibility in case of accidents or diseases due to their unawareness, appropriate courses are needed to fulfil law and safety requirements.

[Yersinia enterocolitica: biotypes and serotypes isolated from horticultural products]. / Yersinia enterocolitica: biotipie sierotipi isolati da prodotti orticoli.

A survey has been carried out for the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica (Y.e.) in horticultural products. 100 samples of these vegetables have been examined among the families of Compositae (lettuce, prickly lettuce, cabbage lettuce, common chicory, artichoke), Umbrelliferae (curly parsley, carrot, celery, fennel), Cruciferae (garden cabbage, red radish), Liliaceae (onion), and Solanaceae (tomato). 12 strains have been recorded in carrots (serotype 0:6.30), 1 strain in curly parsley (0:4.32), 3 in celery (0:7.8 and 0:6.30), and 1 in red radish (NAG). 0:6.30--the most commonly serotype found in the horticultural products--can be of special significance in human pathology, since the reference strain (IP 102) has been first isolated from man; besides, 0:6.30 has been recovered from four cases of human infection, and represents the most frequently isolated serotype from humans in Canada, together with 0:3, 0:5.27 and 0:9. According to other Authors, in can be assumed that "environmental" strains of Y.e. may also acquire virulence and cause infection in man. Moreover, a high number of environmental biotypes in foods may mask the presence and recovery of such strains involved in human pathology.

[Cases of endocrinological psychiatry. Hypothalamic primary amenorrhea with paraphrenia]. / Casistica di endocrinologia psichiatrica. Amenorrea primaria ipotalamica con parafrenia.

A case of association between hypothalamic primary amenorrhea, obesity and paraphrenia is presented in a 53 old woman. Neurological investigations, showing a diencenphalic involvement possibly on a malformative basis, lead to the hypothesis of a common pathogenesis for both endocrinological and psychiatric features of the syndrome.