Time-Dependent Changes in Muscle IGF1-IGFBP5-PAPP System after Sciatic Denervation.

Denervation-induced muscle atrophy is a frequent cause of skeletal muscle diseases. However, the role of the most important muscle growth factor, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), in this process is poorly understood. IGF-1 activity is controlled by six IGF-1 binding proteins (IGFBPs). In skeletal muscle, IGFBP-5 seems to have an important role in atrophic processes. Furthermore, pappalysins (PAPP-A) modulate muscle growth by increasing IGF-1 bioavailability through IGFBP cleavage. We aimed to study the time-dependent changes in the IGF1-IGFBP5-PAPP system and its regulators in gastrocnemius muscle after sciatic denervation. Gastrocnemius atrophy and overexpression of IGF-1 was observed from day 3 post-denervation. The proteolytic factors measured were elevated from day 1 post-denervation onwards. Expression of both IGFBP-5 and pappalysins were increased on days 1 and 3. Subsequently, on days 7 to 14 pappalysins returned to control levels while IGFBP-5 remained elevated. The ratio IGFBP-5/PAPP-A was correlated with the main proteolytic markers. All data suggest that the initial increase of pappalysins could facilitate the IGF-1 action on muscle growth, whereas their subsequent decrease could lead to further muscle wasting.

Drinking and swimming around waterways: The role of alcohol, sensation-seeking, peer influence and risk in young people.

The role of individual and sociocultural factors contributing to drowning risk for young adults is complex and poorly understood. This study examined the relationship between behaviour in and around waterways and: 1) alcohol consumption; 2) resistance to peer influence; 3) sensation-seeking; 4) perception of risk among people aged 15-24 in Western Australia. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted at three time-points with a convenience sample. Predictor variables included: Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test Consumption (AUDIT_C); Resistance to Peer Influence; Brief Sensation Seeking scale; Benthin's Perception of risk. Pearson chi-squared tests determined the association between demographic and predictor variables. Logistic regression explored influence of potential predictor variables on behaviour in and around water. The final sample (n = 730) participants, consisted of females (n = 537, 74.5%), metropolitan dwelling (n = 616, 84.4%), and attended university (n = 410, 56.9%). Significant associations were found for those who swum after drinking alcohol compared with those that had not by age, gender, education. For every 1-unit increase in AUDIT-C participants were 60% more likely to swim after drinking (OR 95% CI 1.60 1.44-1.78). Participants who considered an adverse event serious were 15% less likely to have swum after drinking alcohol (OR 0.85 95% CI 0.73-0.99). The complex relationship between social participation in activities in and around waterways, higher drowning rates, propensity for risk, and the meaning young adults attach to risk locations and practices present unique challenges for drowning prevention research. Findings should be used to improve the awareness and education components of future youth water safety strategies in high-income settings.

Pelvic floor rehabilitation for defecation disorders.

Pelvic floor rehabilitation is frequently recommended for defecation disorders, in both constipation and fecal incontinence. However, the lack of patient selection, together with the variety of rehabilitation methods and protocols, often jeopardize the results of this approach, causing difficulty in evaluating outcomes and addressing proper management, and above all, in obtaining scientific evidence for the efficacy of these methods for specific indications. The authors represent different gastroenterological and surgical scientific societies in Italy, and their aim was to identify the indications and agree on treatment protocols for pelvic floor rehabilitation of patients with defecation disorders. This was achieved by means of a modified Delphi method, utilizing a working team (10 members) which developed the statements and a consensus group (15 members, different from the previous ones) which voted twice also suggesting modifications of the statements.

Intestinal cell migration damage induced by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains.

Epithelial cell migration is an essential response to enteric pathogens such as enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). This study aimed to investigate the effects of EPEC infection on intestinal epithelial cell migration in vitro, as well as the involvement of type III secretion system (T3SS) and Rho GTPases. Crypt intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) were infected with EPEC strains (E2348/69, ΔescF, and the LDI001 strain isolated from a malnourished Brazilian child) and commensal E. coli HS. Wound migration and cell death assays were performed at different time-points. Transcription and expression of Rho GTPases were evaluated using real-time PCR and western blotting. Overall, EPEC E2348/69 reduced migration and increased apoptosis and necrosis levels compared to EPEC LDI001 and E. coli HS strains. Moreover, EPEC LDI001 impaired cell migration at a higher level than E. coli HS and increased necrosis after 24 hours compared to the control group. The different profiles of virulence genes between the two wild-type EPEC strains, characterized by the absence of espL and nleE genes in the LDI001, might explain the phenotypic results, playing significant roles on cell migration impairment and cell death-related events. Moreover, the type III secretion system is determinant for the inhibition of intestinal epithelial cell migration by EPEC 2348/69, as its deletion prevented the effect. Active Rac1 concentrations were increased in E2348/69 and LDI001-infected cells, while the T3SS-deficient strain did not demonstrate this activation. This study contributes with valuable insight to characterize the mechanisms involved in the impairment of intestinal cell migration induced by EPEC.

Intestinal cell migration damage induced by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains

Epithelial cell migration is an essential response to enteric pathogens such as enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). This study aimed to investigate the effects of EPEC infection on intestinal epithelial cell migration in vitro, as well as the involvement of type III secretion system (T3SS) and Rho GTPases. Crypt intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) were infected with EPEC strains (E2348/69, ΔescF, and the LDI001 strain isolated from a malnourished Brazilian child) and commensal E. coli HS. Wound migration and cell death assays were performed at different time-points. Transcription and expression of Rho GTPases were evaluated using real-time PCR and western blotting. Overall, EPEC E2348/69 reduced migration and increased apoptosis and necrosis levels compared to EPEC LDI001 and E. coli HS strains. Moreover, EPEC LDI001 impaired cell migration at a higher level than E. coli HS and increased necrosis after 24 hours compared to the control group. The different profiles of virulence genes between the two wild-type EPEC strains, characterized by the absence of espL and nleE genes in the LDI001, might explain the phenotypic results, playing significant roles on cell migration impairment and cell death-related events. Moreover, the type III secretion system is determinant for the inhibition of intestinal epithelial cell migration by EPEC 2348/69, as its deletion prevented the effect. Active Rac1 concentrations were increased in E2348/69 and LDI001-infected cells, while the T3SS-deficient strain did not demonstrate this activation. This study contributes with valuable insight to characterize the mechanisms involved in the impairment of intestinal cell migration induced by EPEC.

Melanocortin-4 receptor agonist (RO27-3225) ameliorates soleus but not gastrocnemius atrophy in arthritic rats.

Adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats decreases body weight and muscle mass. Melanocyte stimulating hormone administration to arthritic rats decreases inflammation and skeletal muscle wasting. In this study, we investigate whether activation of melanocortin-4 receptor by RO27-3225 administration is able to prevent the effect of arthritis on the expression of muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases and MyoD in two different muscles, gastrocnemius (a mainly fast type muscle) and soleus (slow type). Arthritis was induced in male Wistar rats by intradermal injection of Freund's adjuvant. Control and arthritic rats were injected with RO27-3225 (180 µg/kg i.p. twice a day) or saline, for 8 days. Body weight change, food intake and arthritis index were assessed daily. After sacrifice, serum insulin-like growth factor -1 (IGF-1) and corticosterone, as well as nuclear factor-κB(p65), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), atrogene and MyoD in gastrocnemius and soleus were analysed. Administration of RO27-3225 to arthritic rats decreased arthritis scores, hind paw volume as well as nuclear factor-κB(p65) phosphorylation in gastrocnemius and soleus. However, RO27-3225 was not able to modify the effects of arthritis on serum IGF-1 and corticosterone. RO27-3225 ameliorates arthritis-induced decrease in food intake, body weight gain, epidydimal white adipose tissue and soleus weight, but not in gastrocnemius weight. Arthritis increased COX-2, atrogin-1 and MuRF1 expression in gastrocnemius and soleus, whereas RO27-3225 prevented this increase in soleus but not in gastrocnemius. Arthritis also increased MyoD expression in gastrocnemius and soleus (P < 0.01). RO27-3225 decreased MyoD expression in gastrocnemius but not in soleus of arthritic rats. In control rats RO27-3225 did not modify MyoD expression in gastrocnemius or soleus. In conclusion, our data suggest that in arthritic rats, RO27-3225 treatment decreases inflammation and muscle atrophy, preventing atrogene upregulation in slow type muscle but not in gastrocnemius. The lack of effect in the gastrocnemius can be related to the inability of RO27-3225 to prevent arthritis-induced corticosterone upregulation as well as IGF-1 downregulation.

Ostreid herpesvirus type 1 genomic diversity in wild populations of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas from Italian coasts.

Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) is a significant pathogen affecting the young Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, worldwide. A new variant, OsHV-1 µVar, has been associated with recurrent mortality events in Europe since 2008. Epidemiological data collection is key for global risk assessment; however little is known about health status and genotypes present in European wild oyster beds. Most studies to date have involved only cultivated individuals during mortality events, and reported low genotype diversity. With this study, conducted along the Italian coasts, we investigated for the first time the presence of OsHV-1 in European natural oyster beds. Analysis of three genomic regions revealed the presence of at least nine different genotypes, including two variants close to the OsHV-1 reference, known since the early 1990s but with no European record reported since 2010, and highlights relevant genotype diversity in natural environment. Phylogenetic analysis distinguished two distinct clusters and geographical distribution of genotypes, with the exception of a variant very closely related to the µVar, which appeared the single genotype present in all the Adriatic sites. Interestingly, these wild symptom free populations could represent, in Europe, an accessible alternative to the import of OsHV-1-resistant oyster strains from the East Pacific, the native area of C. gigas, avoiding the high-risk of non-native marine species and new pathogen introductions.

Costing of Paediatric Treatment alongside Clinical Trials under Low Resource Constraint Environments: Cotrimoxazole and Antiretroviral Medications in Children Living with HIV/AIDS.

Introduction. Costing evidence is essential for policy makers for priority setting and resource allocation. It is in this context that the clinical trials of ARVs and cotrimoxazole provided a costing component to provide evidence for budgeting and resource needs alongside the clinical efficacy studies. Methods. A micro based costing approach was adopted, using case record forms for maintaining patient records. Costs for fixed assets were allocated based on the paediatric space. Medication and other resource costs were costed using the WHO/MSH Drug Price Indicators as well as procurement data where these were available. Results. The costs for cotrimoxazole and ARVs are significantly different. The average costs for human resources were US$22 and US$71 for physician costs and $1.3 and $16 for nursing costs while in-patient costs were $257 and $15 for the cotrimoxazole and ARV cohorts, respectively. Mean or average costs were $870 for the cotrimoxazole cohort and $218 for the ARV. The causal factors for the significant cost differences are attributable to the higher human resource time, higher infections of opportunistic conditions, and longer and higher frequency of hospitalisations, among others.

Propranolol concentrations after oral administration in term and preterm neonates.

OBJECTIVE: While propranolol pharmacokinetics has been extensively studied in adults, this study reports the first evaluation of propranolol pharmacokinetics in term and preterm neonates. METHODS: Propranolol concentrations were measured in four term and 32 preterm newborns treated with oral propranolol at the dose of 0.5 or 0.25 mg/kg every 6 h by serial dried blood spots. RESULTS: The levels of propranolol, although with high inter-individual variability, were proportional with the administered dose. Pharmacokinetic parameters evaluated at the steady state in newborns treated with 0.5 mg/kg/6 h showed values of maximal (71.7 ± 29.8 ng/mL), minimal (42.2 ± 20.8 ng/mL) and average concentration (60.8 ± 25.0 ng/mL), time of maximal concentration (2.6 ± 0.9 h) and area under the time-concentration curve (364.7 ± 150.2 ng/mL/h) similar to those observed in adults. In both dosing groups, elimination half-life was significantly longer (14.9 ± 4.3 and 15.9 ± 6.1 h), and apparent total body clearance (27.2 ± 13.9 and 31.3 ± 13.3 mL/kg/min) lower than those reported in adults, suggesting a slower metabolism in newborns. No differences were observed between newborns with different gestational age or different sex. CONCLUSIONS: Neonates treated with propranolol-exhibited drug concentrations proportional with the dose, with significant long half-life.

Effect of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition by meloxicam, on atrogin-1 and myogenic regulatory factors in skeletal muscle of rats injected with endotoxin.

Cyclooxygenase-2-induction by inflammatory stimuli has been proposed as a mediator of inflammatory cachexia. We analyse whether cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition by meloxicam administration is able to modify the response of skeletal muscle to inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (LPS). Male rats were injected with 1 mg kg(-1) LPS at 17:00 h and at 10:00 h the following day, and euthanized 4, 24 or 72 hours later. Atrogin-1, MuRF1, myogenic regulatory factors and cyclooxygenase-2 in the gastrocnemius were determined by real time-PCR (mRNA) and Western blot (protein). In a second experiment the effect of meloxicam administration (1 mg kg⁻¹) was analyzed. Meloxicam was administered either in a preventive manner, 1 hour before each endotoxin injection, or in a therapeutic manner, starting 2 hours after the second LPS injection and at 24 and 48 hours afterwards. There was a marked increase in MuRF1 mRNA (P<0.01) 4 hours after LPS, and in atrogin-1 mRNA 4 hours (P<0.01) and 24 hours (P<0.01) after LPS. Cyclooxygenase-2 was increased, whereas MyoD was decreased at 4, 24 and 72 h. Both types of meloxicam treatment blocked LPS-induced increase in atrogin-1. Preventive, but not therapeutic, meloxicam decreased myostatin (P<0.01) and increased Pax7 (P<0.01) and MyoD (P<0.05). Therapeutic meloxicam treatment decreased gastrocnemius myogenin. These data suggest that cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition by meloxicam administration can prevent the increase in atrogin-1 and the decrease in MyoD induced by LPS administration. However, prolonged therapeutic meloxicam treatment seems to be less effective, since it can inhibit myogenic regulatory factors.

Avoidance behaviour and anxiety in rats irradiated with a sublethal dose of gamma-rays.

The aim of this study was to assess, whether a sublethal dose of gamma-rays will influence the avoidance behaviour and anxiety in rats and whether the response to radiation depends on time of day of its application. Adult male Wistar rats were tested in elevated plus-maze, in hot plate test and in the light/dark box in 4 regular intervals during a day. After two weeks the animals were irradiated with a whole-body dose 6 Gy of gamma-rays. One day after irradiation the animals were repeatedly tested in the same way, as before irradiation. In the plus-maze test an increased level of anxiety was established. The irradiation significantly decreased the locomotor activity of rats, but the extent of exploratory and comfortable behaviour were not altered. After irradiation, an elevated aversion to the thermal stimulus was observed in the hot plate test. The effects of radiation were more pronounced in the light period of the day, than in the dark one. No significant differences in aversion to light were detected after irradiation. The obtained results indicate, that sublethal doses of ionizing radiation can markedly influence the reactivity of animals to adverse stimuli, their motoric activity and emotional status, as well.

Long-term changes in corneal morphology induced by overnight orthokeratology.

PURPOSE: To assess long-term morphological and biometric corneal changes produced by overnight orthokeratology and to examine their recovery after cessation of contact lens wear. METHODS: Prospective, single-center, longitudinal trial. Fifteen right eyes with low to moderate myopia underwent overnight orthokeratology for 1 year. The central cornea was examined using a confocal microscope and changes determined in visual acuity, refractive error and corneal topography. Cell counts were performed using both the confocal microscope's software and the image analysis software of the USA Health Institute. All measurements were made during orthokeratology treatment and 1 month after discontinuing treatment. RESULTS: No significant changes in endothelial cell density were observed over time but polymegethism increased significantly and baseline values were not recovered (p < 0.01). Stromal cell density remained unchanged though numbers of activated keratocytes increased during the study and returned to baseline when lens wear ceased. Basal epithelium cell densities significantly fell (p < 0.01) and epithelial wing and superficial cells showed enhanced visibility (p < 0.05). Superficial cells increased in height and width; this width increase being significant after 1 year of orthokeratology (p < 0.01). All epithelial cell changes returned to baseline. Corneal thickness, Bowman layer thickness, subbasal plexus thickness and epithelial thickness were reduced in the central cornea but the stroma was thickened. Of these changes, the decrease in epithelium thickness reached statistical significance (p < 0.01) and baseline values were not recovered. CONCLUSION: Overnight orthokeratology induces structural and optical changes particularly in the central corneal epithelium during myopia treatment. If confirmed, the irreversible changes detected indicate a need for further investigation.

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus sustain impulsivity and aggressiveness in borderline personality disorder.

BACKGROUND: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) patients are characterized by increased levels of aggressivity and reduction of impulse control, which are behavioural dimensions mainly sustained by hippocampus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). In this study we aimed at investigating whether hippocampus and DLPFC anatomy may sustain impulsive and aggressive behaviours in BPD. METHODS: Fifteen DSM-IV BPD patients (11 females, 4 males) and fifteen 1:1 matched healthy controls (11 females, 4 males) were studied with a 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and underwent a psychopathological assessment in order to measure the severity of aggressive and impulsive traits. RESULTS: Right hippocampal volumes were significantly reduced in BPD patients compared to healthy subjects (p=0.027), particularly in those with a history of childhood abuse (p=0.01). Moreover, in patients but not in controls, right hippocampal volumes significantly inversely correlated with aggressiveness and DLPFC grey matter volumes significantly inversely associated with impulsiveness (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence that hippocampus and DLPFC play a separate and unique role in sustaining the control of impulse and aggressive behaviours in BPD patients.

[Biogenic amines in epigeal spontaneous mushrooms: indicators of quality and freshness?]. / Ammine biogene in funghi epigei spontanei: possibili indi- catori di qualità e freschezza?

Purpose of the present study is to determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of nine biogenic amines (BA) in 153 samples of epigeal spontaneous mushrooms (Boletus edulis and Amanita Caesarea), sampled at large and small food retail shops in the Florence area. Each BA has been identified and quantified using a liquid chromatography system with a reversed phase, C18 column and post-column derivatization with o-oftalaldeide. The results have shown a widespread presence of each amine, although with varying frequency and concentration, and an increasing concentration of tyramine and putrescine in samples with poor organoleptic quality than those in good conditions.

From targeted exemptions to user fee abolition in health care: experience from rural Zambia.

Poor access to health care is one of the greatest impediments to improved health in Africa. In Zambia, user fees are considered to be partly responsible for substantial disparities in access to health care. When the Government introduced user fees in 1993, considerable concern was expressed about the adverse effects on utilisation and access. A national exemption policy was designed to protect the poorest sections of the population. However, this was largely ineffective in reaching the majority of the eligible population. On January 13th, 2006, the President of Zambia announced a policy to abolish user fees at primary health care facilities in designated rural districts. This was a major policy shift from targeted exemptions to free primary health care across the board. This study reviewed the performance of free health care in Zambia, following 15 months of implementation. Using a comprehensive national facility-based dataset, we found that utilisation increased among the rural population aged at least five years by 55%. Importantly, utilisation increases were greatest in the districts with the highest levels of poverty and material deprivation. Further, our patient exit interview survey at facilities in two rural districts reveals that although there is some evidence of a strain on drug supplies, perceptions of quality of health care remain fairly positive. This is in contrast to the experience in other countries that have removed user fees. Our findings strongly suggest that fee removal is more effective than fragmented efforts to target exemptions to certain groups in providing protection against the financial consequences of using health services.

Gastritis OLGA-staging and gastric cancer risk: a twelve-year clinico-pathological follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: Intestinal-type gastric cancer (GC) still ranks among the high-incidence, highly lethal malignancies. Atrophic gastritis is the cancerization field in which GC develops. The current histological reporting formats for gastritis do not include any (atrophy-based) ranking of GC risk. AIM: To test the gastritis OLGA-staging (Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment) in prognosticating neoplastic progression. METHODS: Ninety-three Italian patients were followed up for more than 12 years (range: 144-204 months). Clinical examinations, pepsinogen serology, endoscopy and histology (also assessing Helicobacter pylori status) were performed both at enrolment (T1) and at the end of the follow-up (T2). RESULTS: All invasive or intra-epithelial gastric neoplasia were consistently associated with high-risk (III/IV) OLGA stages. There was a significant inverse correlation between the mean pepsinogen ratio and the OLGA stage (test for trend; P < 0.001). OLGA-staging at T1 predicted both the OLGA stage (Kaplan-Maier log-rank test, P = 0.001) and the neoplasia at T2 (Kaplan-Maier log-rank test, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This long-term follow-up study provides the first evidence that gastritis OLGA-staging conveys relevant information on the clinico-pathological outcome of gastritis and therefore for patient management. According to OLGA-staging and H. pylori-status, gastritis patients could be confidently stratified and managed according to their different cancer risks.

Evidence for the eta(b)(1S) meson in radiative Upsilon(2S) decay.

We have performed a search for the eta_{b}(1S) meson in the radiative decay of the Upsilon(2S) resonance using a sample of 91.6x10(6) Upsilon(2S) events recorded with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II B factory at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. We observe a peak in the photon energy spectrum at Egamma=609.3(-4.5)(+4.6)(stat)+/-1.9(syst) MeV, corresponding to an eta(b)(1S) mass of 9394.2(-4.9)(+4.8)(stat)+/-2.0(syst) MeV/c2. The branching fraction for the decay Upsilon(2S)-->gamma(eta)b(1S) is determined to be [3.9+/-1.1(stat)-0.9+1.1(syst)]x10(-4). We find the ratio of branching fractions B[Upsilon(2S)-->gamma(eta)b(1S)]/B[Upsilon(3S)-->gamma(eta)b(1S)]=0.82+/-0.24(stat)(-0.19)(+0.20)(syst).

Measurement of semileptonic B decays into orbitally excited charmed mesons.

We present a study of B decays into semileptonic final states containing charged and neutral D1(2420) and D_{2};{*}(2460). The analysis is based on a data sample of 208 fb;{-1} collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory at SLAC. With a simultaneous fit to four different decay chains, the semileptonic branching fractions are extracted from measurements of the mass difference Deltam=m(D;{**})-m(D) distributions. Product branching fractions are determined to be B(B;{+}-->D_{1};{0}l;{+}nu_{l})xB(D_{1};{0}-->D;{*+}pi;{-})=(2.97+/-0.17+/-0.17)x10;{-3}, B(B;{+}-->D_{2};{*0}l;{+}nu_{l})xB(D_{2};{*0}-->D;{(*)+}pi;{-})=(2.29+/-0.23+/-0.21)x10;{-3}, B(B;{0}-->D_{1};{-}l;{+}nu_{l})xB(D_{1};{-}-->D;{*0}pi;{-})=(2.78+/-0.24+/-0.25)x10;{-3} and B(B;{0}-->D_{2};{*-}l;{+}nu_{l})xB(D_{2};{*-}-->D;{(*)0}pi;{-})=(1.77+/-0.26+/-0.11)x10;{-3}. In addition we measure the branching ratio Gamma(D_{2};{*}-->Dpi;{-})/Gamma(D_{2};{*}-->D;{(*)}pi;{-})=0.62+/-0.03+/-0.02.

Measurement of B-->Xgamma decays and determination of |Vtd/Vts|.

Using a sample of 383 x 10;{6} BB[over ] events collected by the BABAR experiment, we measure sums of seven exclusive final states B-->X_{d(s)}gamma, where X_{d}(X_{s}) is a nonstrange (strange) charmless hadronic system in the mass range 0.6-1.8 GeV/c;{2}. After correcting for unmeasured decay modes in this mass range, we obtain a branching fraction for b-->dgamma of (7.2+/-2.7(stat)+/-2.3(syst))x10;{-6}. Taking the ratio of X_{d} to X_{s} we find Gamma(b-->dgamma)/Gamma(b-->sgamma)=0.033+/-0.013(stat)+/-0.009(syst), from which we determine |V_{td}/V_{ts}|=0.177+/-0.043.

Evidence for X(3872)-->psi(2S)gamma in B(+/-)-->X(3872)K(+/-) decays and a study of B-->cc[over ]gammaK.

In a search for B-->cc[over ]gammaK decays with the BABAR detector, where cc[over ] includes J/psi and psi(2S), and K includes K(+/-), K(S)(0), and K(*)(892), we find evidence for X(3872)-->J/psigamma and X(3872)-->psi(2S)gamma with 3.6sigma and 3.5sigma significance, respectively. We measure the product of branching fractions B(B(+/-)-->X(3872)K(+/-))xB(X(3872)-->J/psigamma)=[2.8+/-0.8(stat)+/-0.1(syst)]x10(-6) and B(B(+/-)-->X(3872)K(+/-))xB(X(3872)-->psi(2S)gamma)=[9.5+/-2.7(stat)+/-0.6(syst)]x10(-6).