Incidence of cardiac anomalies in congenital vertebral deformity: systematic review and meta-analysis of 2910 patients.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze the overall incidence of cardiac abnormalities in patients with congenital scoliosis and the possible influencing factors. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies. The quality of the studies was assessed independently by two authors using the methodological index for nonrandomized studies (MINORS) criteria. The following data were extracted from the included studies: bibliometric data, number of patients, number of patients with cardiac anomalies, gender, types of deformity, diagnostic method, type of cardiac anomaly, location, and other associated anomalies. The Review Manager 5.4 software was used to group and analyze all the extracted data. RESULTS: This meta-analysis included nine studies and identified that 487 of 2,910 patients with congenital vertebral deformity had cardiac anomalies diagnosed by ultrasound (21.05%, 95% CI of 16.85-25.25%). The mitral valve prolapse was the most frequent cardiac anomaly (48.45%) followed by an unspecified valvular anomaly (39.81) and an atrial septal defect (29.98). A diagnosis of cardiac anomalies was highest in Europe (28.93%), followed by USA (27.21%) and China (15.33%). Females and formation defects were factors significantly associated with increased incidence of cardiac anomalies: 57.37%, 95% CI of 50.48-64.27% and 40.76%, 95% CI of 28.63-52.89%, respectively. Finally, 27.11% presented associated intramedullary anomalies. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis revealed that the overall incidence of cardiac abnormalities detected in patients with congenital vertebral deformity was 22.56%. The incidence rate of cardiac anomalies was higher in females and those with formation defects. The study offers guidance for ultrasound practitioners to accurately identify and diagnose the most common cardiac anomalies.

Efficacy of perioperative gabapentin use in patients with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing fusion surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess whether the perioperative use of gabapentin was associated with decreased opioid use. METHODS: A meta-analysis was performed using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. The randomized clinical trials included were focused on patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who underwent posterior fusion surgery and were treated with gabapentin versus placebo medicine. The primary outcomes were opioid consumption at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h; time to introduction of oral medication, length of hospital stay, and period of urinary catheterization were also recorded. Data were combined using the Review Manager 5.4 software. RESULTS: Four randomized clinical trials with a pool of 196 adolescent patients (mean age: 14.8 ± 2.0 years) were included. At 24 and 48 h after surgery, opioid consumption was significantly lower in the gabapentin group: (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] - 0.79 to - 0.22) and (SMD: - 0.59; 95% CI - 0.88 to - 0.30), respectively. At 72 and 96 h, there were no significant differences between studies: (SMD: - 0.19; 95% CI - 0.52 to 0.13) and (SMD: 0.12; 95% CI - 0.25 to 0.50), respectively. Regarding the administration type, there were significant differences in favor of the 15 mg/kg subgroup with 600 mg at 48 h (SMD: - 0.69; 95% CI - 1.08 to - 0.30). There were no significant differences concerning the time to introduction of oral medication (MD: - 0.08; 95% CI - 0.39 to 0.23), hospitalization time (MD: - 0.12; 95% CI - 0.40 to 0.16), or period of urinary catheterization (SMD: - 0.27; 95% CI - 0.58 to 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Gabapentin decreased opioid consumption during the first 48 h. Doses of 15 mg/kg showed superiority in reducing opioid consumption in the first 48 h. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I: Diagnostic: individual cross-sectional studies with consistently applied reference standard and blinding.

Impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en la formación del residente de cirugía general en un servicio universitario / Impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the training of general surgery residents in a university hospital / Impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 na formação de residentes de cirurgia geral em um serviço universitário

Resumen: Introducción: a nivel mundial, la pandemia COVID-19 determinó una disminución significativa en el volumen de cirugía electiva. Existe preocupación por parte de generaciones de residentes quirúrgicos debido a las consecuencias en su formación. Si bien la formación alcanza otros aspectos que exceden a la práctica quirúrgica, ésta no deja de ser un pilar fundamental. Objetivo: cuantificar el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en el volumen asistencial de los residentes de cirugía general en un servicio universitario. Método: es un estudio observacional, retrospectivo y analítico. Se comparó el volumen quirúrgico y asistencial de los residentes de cirugía general durante el período entre el 13/03/2020 y el 13/12/2020, posterior al inicio de la pandemia COVID-19, con el volumen registrado en el mismo período previo al inicio de la pandemia. Resultados: todos los residentes participaron en un menor número de cirugías. El mayor impacto fue en la participación de cirugías de coordinación, siendo menores las diferencias en la cirugía de urgencia. El mayor impacto en cuanto a volumen de pacientes operados fue para el residente de primer año. Discusión y conclusiones: a nivel mundial, la pandemia determinó una notoria disminución en el volumen de cirugías electivas. Este trabajo demostró una disminución significativa en el volumen quirúrgico asistencial del residente de cirugía general, por lo que, de prolongarse las medidas sanitarias, sería sustancial evaluar la necesidad de proyectar objetivos e instancias alternativas de aprendizaje.

Summary: Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic caused a meaningful reduction in the number of elective surgeries at the global level. There is a great concern among different generations of surgical residents, on the consequences this might have on their medical training. Despite the medical training includes other aspects beyond the surgical practice, surgeries constitute an essential foundation. Objective: to quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of surgeries where the general surgery residents participated, in a university hospital. Method: observational, retrospective and analytical study where the number of surgeries and assistance by the general surgery residents between March 13, 2020 and December 13, 2020, after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic was compared to the number of surgeries recorded during the same period of time prior to the pandemic. Results: all the residents participated in a smaller number of surgeries. The greater impact was found in their participation in elective surgeries, while the difference in number was smaller in emergency surgeries. The greater impact in terms of number of patients operated involved first year residents. Discussion and conclusions: globally, the pandemic caused a significant reduction in the number of elective surgeries. This study demonstrated an important decrease in the number of assisted surgeries for the general surgery residents. Therefore, if the health emergency measures were extended, it would be important to evaluate the need to set goals and alternative forms of learning.

Resumo: Introdução: em todo o mundo, a pandemia de COVID-19 determinou uma redução significativa na quantidade de cirurgias eletivas. Há preocupação por parte de gerações de residentes cirúrgicos pelas consequências em sua formação. Embora o treinamento alcance outros aspectos que vão além da prática cirúrgica, esta ainda é um pilar fundamental. Objetivo: quantificar o impacto da pandemia COVID-19 na quantidade de atendimento de residentes de cirurgia geral em um serviço universitário. Método: estudo observacional, retrospectivo e analítico. A quantidade de cirurgias e de cuidados dos residentes de cirurgia geral no período de 13/03/2020 a 13/12/2020, após o início da pandemia de COVID-19, foi comparado com a quantidade registrada em um período similar anterior à pandemia. Resultados: todos os residentes participaram de menos cirurgias. O maior impacto foi na participação de cirurgias de coordenação, sendo menores as diferenças nas cirurgias de emergência. O maior impacto em termos de quantidade de pacientes operados foi para o residente do primeiro ano. Discussão e conclusões: em todo o mundo, a pandemia determinou uma diminuição acentuada na quantidade de cirurgias eletivas. Este trabalho demonstrou uma diminuição significativa na quantidade da atenção cirúrgica do residente de cirurgia geral; se as medidas de saúde forem prolongadas, seria fundamental avaliar a necessidade de se projetar objetivos e instâncias alternativas de aprendizagem.

The fusion fascia of Fredet: an important embryological landmark for complete mesocolic excision and D3-lymphadenectomy in right colon cancer.

BACKGROUND: The fusion fascia of Toldt is a well-known landmark used by colorectal surgeons. On the contrary, the fusion fascia of Fredet (the plane between the ascending mesocolon and the visceral duodenal-pancreatic peritoneum) still remains a neglected embryological structure. Aim of this study was to provide an anatomic description of this fascia and its application to minimally invasive D3-lymphadenectomy (D3-L) and complete mesocolic excision (CME) for right colon cancer. METHODS: First phase: Cadaveric dissection and anatomic description of the fascia of Fredet. Second phase: prospective evaluation of its surgical application in a consecutive series of laparoscopic right hemicolectomies with CME and D3-L at a tertiary hospital. RESULTS: The fascia of Fredet was identified and dissected in one fresh and two formalin-fixed cadavers. The trunk of Henle and the medial border of the superior mesenteric vein defined the medial limit of this embryologic plane. Seventeen patients were operated on. Laparoscopic dissection of the fascia of Fredet was possible in every patient. Median operative time was 210 (120-380) min. There were no major postoperative complications. All cases were adenocarcinomas, except one adenomatous polyp. T stage was Tis in three, T2 in two, T3 in seven, and T4 in five patients. Median number of harvested lymph nodes was 24 (9-39). Lymphatic invasion was found in six patients. All resections were classified as satisfactory mesocolic excision and R0. Median postoperative length of stay was 6 (4-20) days. Median follow-up time was 28 (16-41) months. Local and distal recurrence rate was 0. CONCLUSION: The fusion fascia of Fredet is useful to achieve CME and D3-L in right colon cancers with reduced risk of intraoperative complications. This structure is particularly suitable for minimally invasive surgery; therefore, we encourage awareness of the fascia of Fredet by colorectal surgeons.

Hepatectomía en dos tiempos para las metástasis hepáticas de origen colorrectal / Two staged hepatectomy for colorectal hepatic metastases / Hepatectomia em dois tempos para as metástases hepáticas de origem colorretal

El tratamiento de las metástasis hepáticas de origen colorrectal ha ido cambiando en estos últimos 20 años. En la actualidad la cirugía constituye un pilar fundamental en el tratamiento de estos enfermos. La sobrevida de los pacientes pasibles de una resección completa del tumor puede ascender a 40% en cinco años. Estos resultados oncológicos tan alentadores han llevado a los equipos quirúrgicos a esforzarse por lograr resecciones hepáticas extremas contraindicadas en tiempos anteriores. Es, en esta línea de trabajo, que se desarrolló la cirugía de remodelación hepática que consiste en alterar el flujo portal buscando una hipertrofia del hígado sano y atrofia del enfermo. El siguiente caso pretende mostrar una de las dos cirugías de remodelación más utilizadas en el mundo, que es la hepatectomía en dos tiempos con oclusión del flujo portal. Se discute su indicación, la oportunidad de las cirugías, el beneficio oncológico y la viabilidad de su realización en nuestro medio.

Treatment of colorectal hepatic metastases has gradually changed in the last 20 years. Nowadays, surgical treatment remains one of the major curative treatment options available to patients. Survival in patients who may undergo a surgical resection of the tumor may add up to 40% in 5 years' time. These promising oncologic results have led surgical teams to make their best to achieve extreme liver resections which used to be contraindicated in the past. Thus, within this line of work, the liver remodeling surgery developed, which surgery consists in altering the portal flow aiming for a liver hypertrophy in the healthy liver and a liver atrophy of the sick liver. The following study aims to present one of the most frequent remodeling surgeries in the world: the two staged hepatectomy with portal flow occlusion. Indication, surgery opportunities, oncologic benefit and viability in our country are also discussed in the study.

As opções terapêuticas para o tratamento das metástases hepáticas de origem colorretal mudaram muito nos últimos 20 anos. Atualmente a cirurgia é um pilar fundamental no tratamento dos pacientes portadores desta patologia. A sobrevida dos pacientes que podem ser submetidos a uma ressecção completa do tumor pode chegar a 40% em 5 anos. Estes resultados oncológicos tão estimulantes fazem com que as equipes cirúrgicas esforcem-se por conseguir ressecções hepáticas extremas que estavam contraindicadas anteriormente. Desenvolveu-se então, a cirurgia de remodelação hepática que consiste em alterar o fluxo portal buscando uma hipertrofia do fígado sadio e a atrofia do patológico. Descreve-se um caso que pretende mostrar uma das duas cirurgias de remodelação mais utilizadas no mundo - a hepatectomia em dois tempos com oclusão do fluxo portal. Discute-se a indicação, a oportunidade da cirurgia, o beneficio oncológico e a viabilidade da realização da mesma no nosso meio.

Cirugía del día: colecistectomía laparoscópica. ¿Es factible en nuestro medio? / Laparoscopic cholecystectomy as an ambulatory surgical procedure. Is it feasible in our context?

Introducción: la colecistectomía laparoscópica es la cirugía mayor más frecuente en Uruguay. Su baja morbimortalidad y rápida recuperación han llevado a incluirla en programas de cirugía del día. Objetivo: evaluar la factibilidad de la inclusión de la colecistectomía laparoscópica en un programa de cirugía del día en nuestros hospitales públicos. Material y método: estudio cooperativo (Hospital de Clínicas, Hospital Español y Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas) observacional descriptivo y retrospectivo de pacientes en que se practicó una colecistectomía laparoscópica (CIE-9-mc 51.23) como cirugía del día entre junio de 2011 y junio de 2015. Se consideró cirugía del día una estancia igual o menor a 12 horas. Criterios de inclusión: ASA I/II, domicilio en área urbana con adecuada contención, teléfono y transporte particular. Exclusión: pacientes con colecistitis, diagnóstico preoperatorio de coledocolitiasis, eventos anestésicos-quirúrgicos adversos. Se recabaron datos demográficos, incidentes y complicaciones de la cirugía, evolución posoperatoria a 30 días. Resultados: se reclutó un total de 32 pacientes (rango etario: 17-66 años), 26 de sexo femenino. En 30 pacientes se practicó la colecistectomía laparoscópica con un alta hospitalaria entre las 6 y 12 horas del posoperatorio. Dos pacientes que aceptaron participar en el programa acusaron dolor parietal posoperatorio que impidió un alta precoz y fueron excluidos. En un paciente se diagnosticó una coledocolitiasis en la colangiografía intraoperatoria y se realizó una coledocolitotomía trancística sin incidentes y se mantuvo dentro del protocolo. No hubo pacientes excluidos por incidentes o accidentes intraoperatorios. No se registró morbilidad posoperatoria en los controles programados en policlínica a la semana y a los 30 días del posoperatorio. Ningún paciente tuvo síntomas que motivaran consulta en servicio de urgencias durante ese lapso. Conclusiones: los resultados de esta experiencia parecen demostrar que la colecistectomía laparoscópica en régimen de cirugía del día es aplicable en nuestros servicios públicos en forma eficiente y segura. Señalamos la importancia de una rigurosa selección de pacientes subrayando el ingreso voluntario al programa, adecuado nivel de comprensión del procedimiento y sus riesgos, disponer de facilidades (soporte domiciliario y acceso al centro asistencial), supeditando el egreso en el día a la ausencia de eventos que demanden prolongar la observación posoperatoria.

Abstract Introduction: laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the most frequent major surgery in Uruguay. Given its low morbimortality rates and fast recovery it has been included in an ambulatory surgical procedures program. Objective: to assess feasibility of including laparoscopic cholecystectomy in an ambulatory surgical procedures program in public hospitals in Uruguay. Method: multi-center (University Hospital, Español Hospital and the Armed Forces Central Hospital), cooperative, descriptive and retrospective study of patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (CIE-9-mc 51.23) as an ambulatory surgery between June, 2012 and June, 2015. Ambulatory surgery was defined as that which implied hospital stays equal to or lower than 12 hours. Inclusion criteria: ASA I, II, living in an urban area with the appropriate support network, telephone and private means of transport available. Exclusion criteria: patients with choledocholithiasis, history of negative surgical events due to anesthesia. Demographic data were collected, as well as surgery incidents and complications and postoperative surgery upon 30 days. Results: 32 patients were recruited (age ranged between 17 and 66 years old), 26 of them were female. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 30 patients, and patients were discharged between 6 to 12 hours after the postoperative. Two patients who accepted to participate in the program referred postoperative parietal pain which prevented them from an early discharge and were excluded. One patient was diagnosed with choledocholithiasis in the intraoperative cholangiography and a transcystic choledocholithotomy was performed with no complications, acting within the protocol. No patients were excluded as a result of intraoperative incidents or accidents. No postoperative morbility was recorded in the programed follow up at the policlinic one week after surgery and 30 days after the postoperative. No patient felt symptoms that caused consultation at the emergency room during the above mentioned period of time. Conclusions: the results of this experience seem to prove that laparoscopic cholecystectomy in ambulatory surgery is applicable to our public services in an effective and safe way. We point out the importance of a rigorous selection of patients and emphasize on the fact that is advisable for patients to voluntary enter the program, and they need for understand well the procedure and its risks. Also, facilities must be available for home support and access to health care centers, and discharge on the day the surgery is performed will depend on the absence of events that indicate the need for a longer postoperative observation.

Resumo Introdução: a colecistectomia laparoscópica é a cirurgia maior mais frequente no Uruguai. Com baixa morbimortalidade e rápida recuperação fizeram com que fosse incluída nos programas de cirurgia ambulatoria. Objetivo: avaliar a viabilidade da inclusão da colecistectomia laparoscópica em um programa de cirurgia ambulatória nos hospitais públicos. Material e método: estudo cooperativo (Hospital de Clínicas, Hospital Español e Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas) observacional descritivo e retrospectivo de pacientes nos quais foi realizada uma colecistectomia laparoscópica (CIE-9-mc 51.23) como cirurgia ambulatoria no periodo junho de 2011 - junho de 2015. Foi considerada como cirurgia ambulatória a permanência igual ou menor que 12 horas. Critérios de inclusão: ASA I/II, domicilio em área urbana com apoio adequado, telefone e transporte particular. Exclusão: pacientes com coleciste, diagnóstico pré-operatório de coledocolitiase, eventos anestésicos-cirúrgicos adversos. Foram coletados dados demográficos, incidentes e complicações da cirurgia e evolução pós-operatória aos 30 dias. Resultados: foram incluídos 32 pacientes (idades entre 17 e 66 anos), sendo 26 de sexo feminino. Em 30 pacientes foi realizada uma colecistectomia laparoscópica com alta hospitalar depois de 6 e 12 horas do procedimento. Dois pacientes que aceitaram participar no programa informaram dor parietal pós-operatória que impediu a alta precoce e foram excluídos. Em um paciente foi diagnosticada uma coledocolitiase na colangiografia intra-operatória e foi realizada uma coledocolitotomia trancística sem incidentes e foi mantido no protocolo. Não foram excluídos pacientes por incidentes ou acidentes intra-operatórios. Não se observou morbidade pós-operatória nos controles programados no ambulatório depois de uma semana e de 30 dias do procedimento. Nenhum paciente apresentou sintomas que motivaram consulta en serviço de urgências durante esse período. Conclusões: os resultados desta experiência parecem demonstrar que a colecistectomia laparoscópica en regime de cirurgia ambulatoria é aplicável nos nossos serviços públicos de maneira eficiente e segura. Destacamos a importância de seleção rigorosa dos pacientes destacando o ingresso voluntario ao programa, um nível adequado de compreensão do procedimento e seus riscos, dispor de facilidades (apoio domiciliar e acesso ao centro assistencial), condicionando a alta no dia à ausência de eventos que demandem uma observaçao pós-operatória mais prolongada.

The Probiotic Mixture VSL#3 Alters the Morphology and Secretion Profile of Both Polarized and Unpolarized Human Macrophages in a Polarization-Dependent Manner.

BACKGROUND: Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), most commonly Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC), suffer from chronic intestinal inflammation of unknown etiology. Increased proinflammatory macrophages (M1) have been documented in tissue from patients with CD. Anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2) may play a role in UC given the preponderance of Th2 cytokines in this variant of IBD. Animal and clinical studies have shown that the probiotic VSL#3 can ameliorate signs and symptoms of IBD. Although animal data suggests a modulatory effect on macrophage phenotype, the effect of VSL#3 on human macrophages remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of the probiotic VSL#3 on the phenotype of polarized (M1/M2) and unpolarized (MΦ) human macrophages. METHODS: Human monocyte-derived macrophages, generated by culturing monocytes with M-CSF, were left unpolarized or were polarized towards an M1 or an M2 phenotype by culture with LPS and IFN-γ or IL-4, respectively, and were then cultured in the presence or absence of VSL#3 for 3 days. Changes in macrophage morphology were assessed. Cytokine and chemokine levels in supernatants were determined by multiplex assay. RESULTS: VSL#3 decreased the granuloma-like aggregates of M1 macrophages, increased fibroblast-like M2 macrophages, and decreased fibroblast-like MΦ macrophages. VSL#3 increased the secretion of IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, and G-CSF by M1, M2, and MΦ macrophages. VSL#3 exposure maintained the proinflammatory phenotype of M1 macrophages, sustaining IL-12 secretion, increasing IL-23 secretion, and decreasing MDC secretion. Both VSL#3-treated M2 and MΦ macrophages secreted higher levels of anti-inflammatory and pro-healing factors such as IL-1Ra, IL-13, EGF, FGF-2, TGF-α, and VEGF, as well as proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-12 and TNF-α. CONCLUSION: Under our experimental conditions VSL#3 induced a mixed proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotype in polarized and unpolarized macrophages. This differential effect could explain why patients with CD do not respond to probiotic therapy as well as patients with UC.

Rotura hepática espontánea en el síndrome HELLP: tratamiento mediante packing / Spontaneous hepatic rupture in HELLP syndrome: treatment through hepatic packing

La rotura hepática espontánea asociada a síndrome de HELLP (hemólisis, elevación de enzimas hepáticas y plaquetopenia) es extremadamente rara y se acompaña de una elevada tasa de complicaciones y mortalidad maternofetal. Es necesario un tratamiento urgente basado en la finalización del embarazo, reposición de hemoderivados y hemostasia hepática.Presentamos el caso de una paciente con síndrome HELLP y rotura hepática espontánea tratada mediante cesárea urgente y packing hepático (AU)

Spontaneous hepatic rupture associated with HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels and low platelet count) is a very rare phenomenon that is frequently associated with a substantial rate of complications and mortality. In these cases, urgent management based on prompt delivery, blood transfusion and hepatic hemostasis is required.We report the case of a patient with spontaneous hepatic rupture caused by HELLP syndrome, which was treated with urgent cesarean section and hepatic packing (AU)

Prevención de la paraplejía con hipotermia medular regional en clampeo aórtico prolongado durante 90 minutos / Prevention of paraplegia with regional medullary hypothermia in prolonged aortic clampeo during 90 minutes

Antecedentes: Es reconocida la utilidad de la hipotermia medular regional en la prevención de complicaciones neurológicas en la cirugía de aneurismas aórticos torácicos o toracoabdominales. Se desconoce aún el rol protector en tiempos prolongados de clampeo con este método. Objetivo: Valorar el rol protector de la perfusión con suero fisiológico a 4ºC en la lesión medular durante clampeo aórtico de 90 minutos. Lugar de aplicación: Laboratorio de Cirugía Experimental. Diseño: Estudio experimental, ciego y aleatorizado. Población: 15 conejos neozelandeses de 3 a 4 kg. Método: Abordaje de aorta infrarrenal. Aleatoriamente se designaron tres grupos. Grupo I (n=5), clampeo aórtico infrarrenal y de la bifurcación aórtica durante 90 minutos. Grupo II (n=5), caracterización de aorta abdominal, clampeo de aorta infrarrenal y bifurcación aórtica y perfusión con suero fisiológico frío durante 90 minutos. Grupo III (n=5), igual al grupo II, perfundiendo suero fisiológico a temperatura ambiente. Valoración neurológica a las 24 y 48 hs mediante escore de Tarlov. Análisis estadístico según test de Mann Whitney. Resultados: Grupo I, a las 24 y 48 hs todos los animales mostraron paraplejia irreversible (Tarlov 0). grupo II, a las 24 hs, todos mostraron recuperación neurológica completa (Tarlov IV). Grupo III, tres animales mostraron paraplejia irreversible, uno mostró Tarlov I y uno Tarlov IV. Los resultados fueron estadísticamente significativos. Conclusiones: Se demuestra que hasta los 90 minutos de clampeo aórtico existe un efecto protector de la lesión medular utilizando hipotermia regional con suero fisiológico a 4º C.

Gas en la vena porta: ¿Es todavía un signo de pronóstico fatal?: A propósito de tres casos clínicos / Hepatic portal vein gas: Is it still a sign of fatal prognosis?

La puesta en evidencia por imagenología de la presencia de gas en la vena porta (neumatosis portal) es un hallazgo raro. Reportamos tres observaciones en las cuales el diagnóstico de gas en vena porta condujo al diagnóstico de necrosis isquémica del colon y a la curación de dos de los pacientes luego del tratamiento quirúrgico. Para la pesquisa de la isquemia mesentérica, una tomografía computada abdominal debe ser efectuada en todos los pacientes con antecedentes de enfermedad vascular y dolor abdominal cuya causa no es posible aclarar. Si se encuentra gas en la vena porta, se impone una exploración quirúrgica del abdomen

Efectos hemodinámicos y bioquímicos de la indapamida en pacientes hipertensos estudio multicentrico ecuatoriano / Hemodinamic and biochemical effects of the indapamide in hypertensive patients: multicentry ecuatorial study

Se estudiaron 85 pacientes con hipertensión arterial leve y moderada en dos poblaciones de Ecuador. Los pacientes fueron distribuidos en dos grupos: a) indapamina y b) placebo. Todos los pacientes fueron evaluados desde el punto de vista cardiovascular, haciéndosele también determinaciones de variables bioquímicas, incluyendo el perfil lipídico. También se practicaron electrocardiogramas de reposo y de esfuerzo. Los pacientes fueron seguidos por un lapso de 120 días. El análisis de los resultados finales evidencian que la indapamida, a una dosis de 2,5 mgs, ejerció una buena acción hipotensora sostenida, tanto en la tensión arterial diastólica como en la sistólica y en las tres posiciones. Los efectos secundarios fueron mínimos, mostrando una buena tolerancia. El grupo bajo indapamida mostró alza significativa en la HDL-C al igual que un descenso en el colesterol total y en la LDL, lo cual se tradujo en un descenso en las razones de riesgo aterosclerótico. En conclusión, la indapamida es un buen hipotensor, eficaz y bien tolerado