Risk factors for emergency surgery for diverticulitis: A retrospective multicentric French study at 41 hospitals.

BACKGROUND: The observed increase in the incidence of complicated diverticulitis may lead to the performance of more emergency surgeries. This study aimed to assess the rate and risk factors of emergency surgery for sigmoid diverticulitis. METHOD: The primary outcomes were the rate of emergency surgery for sigmoid diverticulitis and its associated risk factors. The urgent or elective nature of the surgical intervention was provided by the surgeon and in accordance with the indication for surgical treatment. A mixed logistic regression with a random intercept after multiple imputations by the chained equation was performed to consider the influence of missing data on the results. RESULTS: Between 2010 and 2021, 6,867 patients underwent surgery for sigmoid diverticulitis in the participating centers, of which one-third (n = 2317) were emergency cases. In multivariate regression analysis with multiple imputation by chained equation, increasing age, body mass index <18.5 kg/m2, neurologic and pulmonary comorbidities, use of anticoagulant drugs, immunocompromised status, and first attack of sigmoid diverticulitis were independent risk factors for emergency surgery. The likelihood of emergency surgery was significantly more frequent after national guidelines, which were implemented in 2017, only in patients with a history of sigmoid diverticulitis attacks. CONCLUSION: The present study highlights a high rate (33%) of emergency surgery for sigmoid diverticulitis in France, which was significantly associated with patient features and the first attack of diverticulitis.

Impact of the first wave of COVID-19 epidemy on the surgical management of sigmoid diverticular disease in France: National French retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the surgical management of sigmoid diverticular disease (SDD) before, during, and after the first containment rules (CR) for the first wave of COVID-19. METHODS: From the French Surgical Association multicenter series, this study included all patients operated on between January 2018 and September 2021. Three groups were compared: A (before CR period: 01/01/18-03/16/20), B (CR period: 03/17/20-05/03/20), and C (post CR period: 05/04/20-09/30/21). RESULTS: A total of 1965 patients (A n = 1517, B n = 52, C n = 396) were included. The A group had significantly more previous SDD compared to the two other groups (p = 0.007), especially complicated (p = 0.0004). The rate of peritonitis was significantly higher in the B (46.1%) and C (38.4%) groups compared to the A group (31.7%) (p = 0.034 and p = 0.014). As regards surgical treatment, Hartmann's procedure was more often performed in the B group (44.2%, vs A 25.5% and C 26.8%, p = 0.01). Mortality at 90 days was significantly higher in the B group (9.6%, vs A 4% and C 6.3%, p = 0.034). This difference was also significant between the A and B groups (p = 0.048), as well as between the A and C groups (p = 0.05). There was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of postoperative morbidity. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the management of SDD was impacted by COVID-19 at CR, but also after and until September 2021, both on the initial clinical presentation and on postoperative mortality.

[How to manage abdominal hernia on peritoneal dialysis?] / Comment prendre en charge une hernie abdominale en dialyse péritonéale ?

Abdominal hernias are a frequent complication in peritoneal dialysis, representing up to 60.4% of anatomical complications. Their prevalence varies between 7 and 27.5%. Established risk factors are male gender, an older age, multiparity, a low body mass index and a paramedian approach for the catheter insertion. Polykystic renal disease and the intra-peritoneal volume are controversial risk factors. The diagnosis is mainly clinical, though peritoneography imaging can be useful in difficult cases. Hernia's complications, of strangulation, incarceration, bowel occlusion and peritonitis; can be very serious, leading to technique failure and may result in death. The complication risk varies from 4 to 20% in the literature review. There are no guidelines regarding hernia's prevention or treatment. A surgical repair is recommended, by implementing a synthetic prothesis with an inguinal approach for inguinal and femoral hernias, with a simple stitch or a bioprothesis for ombilical hernias. The management of peritoneal dialysis after hernia repair is not codified. After an initial 48h interruption, an intermittent peritoneal dialysis program using low volume seems efficient at low risk, preventing a temporary transfer to haemodialysis.

Simultaneous Removal And Reinsertion of the PD Catheter in Relapsing Peritonitis.

Background:Relapsing peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) is associated with lower cure rates and more hemodialysis (HD) transfers, as catheter removal is recommended in these situations. The aim of our study was to evaluate the continuation of PD without perioperative transfer to HD in patients who underwent a simultaneous catheter removal and replacement for relapsing peritonitis.Methods:This was a retrospective monocentric study. Patients with simultaneous catheter removal and replacement for relapsing peritonitis or peritonitis at high risk of relapse (fungal or Pseudomonas infection) between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2016 were included. The events of interest were the continuation of PD without perioperative transfer to HD, postoperative complications, new infection with the same organism, and technique survival.Results:Of the 271 incident patients in PD during this period, 11 had a simultaneous catheter removal and replacement for relapsing peritonitis (8) or high risk of relapse peritonitis (3). Eight (72.7%) patients pursued PD without transfer to HD. Six infections were due to microorganisms other than gram-positive cocci. At 1 year, 7 (63.6%) of the 11 patients were still on PD. After the surgery, there were no peritonitis or catheter-related infections caused by the same organism.Conclusion:Simultaneous catheter removal and replacement for peritonitis appears to be an effective procedure for maintaining patients on PD.

Fungal Peritonitis Caused by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa in a CAPD Patient Treated with Liposomal Amphotericin B: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Rhodotorula mucilaginosa is a ubiquitous yeast that may cause serious peritoneal dialysis (PD) infections. A 70-year-old man receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for 6 months presented with a PD infection caused by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa The patient was treated with intravenous liposomal amphotericin B. His peritoneal catheter was simultaneously removed and reinserted. To date, only 10 cases of Rhodotorula CAPD infections have been reported. Catheters, corticoids, cancer, and previous antibiotic therapy were the main risk factors for these infections. For most patients, the peritoneal catheter was removed, leading to a definitive transfer to hemodialysis. Along with flucytosine, amphotericin B is the main antifungal that is used. Both have a lower minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), whereas fluconazole and caspofungin have the highest MICs. We highlighted the efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B associated with simultaneous withdrawal and reinsertion of a peritoneal catheter in a case of Rhodotorula peritonitis in a CAPD patient. Further studies are needed to evaluate the treatment of this condition.

[News in peritoneal dialysis]. / Actualités en dialyse péritonéale.

Peritoneal dialysis, like hemodialysis, is a first-line therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease. Progress in medical devices and materials has reduced infectious complications such as peritonitis and catheter exit-site infections and thus decreased morbidity. Peritoneal dialysis fluids are increasingly biocompatible, result in fewer glucose degradation products, protect the peritoneal membrane better and thus improve tolerance. The maintenance of residual renal function, together with better comfort and no pain, help control the fluid and sodium balance. Automated peritoneal dialysis can be performed each night, either autonomously or assisted by a visiting nurse twice a day (to prepare, connect, and disconnect the machine). This treatment can thus be provided to most patients, regardless of their age. Peritoneal dialysis is indicated principally for young people waiting for a kidney transplantation (to preserve their vascular network), elderly patients who wish to remain either at home or in an institution, and patients with cardiac insufficiency, because of the better hemodynamic tolerance. Numerous obstacles, mainly nonmedical, still impede the development of peritoneal dialysis. Patients seen in emergencies start hemodialysis without necessarily receiving any information about peritoneal dialysis. Indeed, neither physicians nor patients receive adequate information.