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1.
Aging Ment Health ; 25(10): 1959-1966, 2021 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32571095

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Along with changes in subjective and objective sleep patterns, metacognitive control of intrusive and unwanted thoughts at bedtime has been shown to significantly influence sleep quality. The present study examined individual differences between self-reported poor and good sleepers' thought control strategies, as well as their subjective and objective sleep quality, considering adults in a broad range of ages. METHOD: The study involved 147 individuals aged 18-79 years, divided into self-reported poor and good sleepers using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Participants' thought control strategies were assessed using the Thought Control Questionnaire for Insomnia - Revised (TCQI-r). Subjective sleep parameters were recorded in a sleep diary, and objective sleep parameters were measured over 7 days using actigraphy. RESULTS: Self-reported poor sleepers employed aggressive suppression, reappraisal and worry strategies more than self-reported good sleepers. On logistic regression, the use of reappraisal and worry strategies distinguished between poor and good sleepers, while age did not. Self-reported poor sleepers objectively had a much longer sleep onset latency, a shorter total sleeping time, and a lower sleep efficiency, as well as subjectively longer times awake again after sleep onset, and a lower sleep efficiency than self-reported good sleepers. CONCLUSION: Together with some subjective and objective sleep parameters, the use of certain thought control strategies (reappraisal and worry, in particular) seems to be one of the crucial aspects accounting for individual differences between self-reported poor and good sleepers.


Asunto(s)
Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia , Cognición , Humanos , Autoinforme , Sueño
2.
J Theor Biol ; 450: 1-14, 2018 08 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29680449

RESUMEN

Host features, such as cell proliferation rates, caloric intake, metabolism and energetic conditions, significantly influence tumor growth; at the same time, tumor growth may have a dramatic impact on the host conditions. For example, in clinics, at certain stages of the tumor growth, cachexia (body weight reduction) may become so relevant to be considered as responsible for around 20% of cancer deaths. Unfortunately, anticancer therapies may also contribute to the development of cachexia due to reduced food intake (anorexia), commonly observed during the treatment periods. For this reason, cachexia is considered one of the major toxicity findings to be evaluated also in preclinical studies. However, although various pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) tumor growth inhibition (TGI) models are currently available, the mathematical modeling of cachexia onset and TGI after an anticancer administration in preclinical experiments is still an open issue. To cope with this, a new PK-PD model, based on a set of tumor-host interaction rules taken from Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory and a set of drug tumor inhibition equations taken from the well-known Simeoni TGI model, was developed. The model is able to describe the body weight reduction, splitting the cachexia directly induced by tumor and that caused by the drug treatment under study. It was tested in typical preclinical studies, essentially designed for efficacy evaluation and routinely performed as a part of the industrial drug development plans. For the first time, both the dynamics of tumor and host growth could be predicted in xenograft mice untreated or treated with different anticancer agents and following different schedules. The model code is freely available for downloading at http://repository.ddmore.eu (model number DDMODEL00000274).


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Caquexia/etiología , Modelos Biológicos , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Animales , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Xenoinjertos , Humanos , Ratones , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto
3.
Int J Geriatr Psychiatry ; 33(7): 915-925, 2018 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29671901

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Among the psychosocial interventions intended to reduce the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), doll therapy (DT) is increasingly used in clinical practice. Few studies on DT have been based on empirical data obtained with an adequate procedure; however, none have assessed its efficacy using an active control group, and the scales used to assess changes in BPSD are usually unreliable. The aim of the present study was to measure the impact of DT on people with severe dementia with a reliable, commonly used scale for assessing their BPSD, and the related distress in formal caregivers. Effects of DT on the former's everyday abilities (ie, eating behavior) were also examined. METHOD: Twenty-nine nursing home residents aged from 76 to 96 years old, with severe dementia (Alzheimer's or vascular dementia), took part in the experiment. They were randomly assigned to an experimental group that used dolls or an active control group that used hand warmers with sensory characteristics equivalent to the dolls. Benefits of DT on BPSD and related formal caregiver distress were examined with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. The effects of DT on eating behavior were examined with the Eating Behavior Scale. RESULTS: Only the DT group showed a reduction in BPSD scores and related caregiver distress. DT did not benefit eating behavior, however. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that DT is a promising approach for reducing BPSD in people with dementia, supporting evidence emerging from previous anecdotal studies.


Asunto(s)
Demencia/terapia , Juego e Implementos de Juego , Psicoterapia/métodos , Estrés Psicológico/terapia , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Análisis de Varianza , Cuidadores/psicología , Demencia/psicología , Conducta Alimentaria/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Casas de Salud , Estrés Psicológico/etiología
4.
Lupus ; 24(4-5): 463-8, 2015 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25801889

RESUMEN

Silicone has been considered biologically inert; thus it has been employed in many medical devices and nowadays is commonly used in plastic surgery for mammary prosthesis. It is well tolerated in most cases. However, autoimmune disorders and siliconomas with granulomatous reactions after silicone implant rupture have been described. We report cases of four women who developed systemic disorders following rupture of silicone breast implants resulting in lymph node and thoracic silicone infiltration. The symptoms in these cases, including arthralgia, myalgia, generalized weakness, severe fatigue, sleeping disturbances, cognitive impairment, memory loss, irritable bowel syndrome, and weight loss, clearly match the criteria of the recently defined autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA).


Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Farmacéuticos/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/inmunología , Implantes de Mama/efectos adversos , Granuloma/patología , Siliconas/efectos adversos , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/inducido químicamente , Femenino , Granuloma/inducido químicamente , Humanos , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Falla de Prótesis , Síndrome , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X
5.
J Theor Biol ; 363: 374-80, 2014 Dec 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25195003

RESUMEN

Following ionizing radiation, mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) undergo both apoptosis and block at G2/M phase of the cell cycle. The dynamics of cell growth and the transition through the apoptotic phases cannot be directly inferred from experimental data, limiting the understanding of the biological response to the treatment. Here, we propose a semi-mechanistic mathematical model, defined by five compartments, able to describe the time curves of untreated and γ-rays irradiated mESCs and to extract the information therein embedded. To this end, mESCs were irradiated with 2 or 5 Gy γ-rays, collected over a period of 48 h and, at each time point, analyzed for apoptosis by using the Annexin V assay. When compared to unirradiated mESCs, the model estimates an additional 0.2 probability to undergo apoptosis for the 5 Gy-treated cells, and only a 0.07 (not statistically significantly different from zero) when a 2 Gy-irradiation dose is administered. Moreover, the model allows us to estimate the duration of the overall apoptotic process and also the time length of its early, intermediate, and late apoptotic phase.


Asunto(s)
Apoptosis/fisiología , Células Madre Embrionarias/fisiología , Puntos de Control de la Fase G2 del Ciclo Celular/fisiología , Rayos gamma , Modelos Biológicos , Animales , Anexina A5 , Apoptosis/efectos de la radiación , Células Madre Embrionarias/efectos de la radiación , Puntos de Control de la Fase G2 del Ciclo Celular/efectos de la radiación , Ratones , Factores de Tiempo
6.
Auto Immun Highlights ; 5(3): 87-94, 2014 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26000160

RESUMEN

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a group of diseases characterized by inflammation of the skeletal muscle. Weakness, mainly affecting the proximal muscles, is the cardinal muscular symptom in IIM. In patients with dermatomyositis, peculiar skin lesions are observed. The assessment of patients with IIM includes clinical and laboratory evaluation, and clinimetric measurements. Different tools have been proposed to measure muscular and extramuscular disease activity and damage in patients with IIM. A core set of measurements to use in clinical practice was recently proposed. Among laboratory features the increase of serum creatine kinase (CK) is considered a hallmark of muscle inflammation/damage. However, subjects with persistent CK elevation, without any evidence of a definite myopathy, are often seen in clinical practice and need a careful assessment. Indeed, CK blood levels can also increase in non-myopathic conditions, e.g. in case of intense physical exercise, assumption of some drugs (statins), muscular dystrophy, muscular trauma or in case of neuro-muscular disorders which all should be considered in the diagnostic work-up. The assessment of patients with IIM and hyperCKemia will be discussed in this paper.

7.
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol ; 45(2): 227-35, 2013 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23322404

RESUMEN

Autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) and autoimmune diseases (ADs) are characterized by an aberrant chronic activation of the immune system which causes tissue inflammation and damage in genetically predisposed individuals. Pathogenetic mechanisms underlying this damage differ between these two types of diseases; in AIDs, the innate immune system is directly responsible for tissue inflammation, while in ADs it works by activating the adaptive immune system, which becomes the main effector of the inflammatory process. Despite the fact that AIDs have only been recently defined, they are older than ADs. The innate immune system is found in plants and animals, and it developed earlier than the adaptive immune system, which first appeared in jawed vertebrates. According to genetic background and clinical, serological, and radiological findings, AIDs and ADs might be considered as a single spectrum of disorders, with a wide range of manifestations. Indeed, autoinflammatory-like diseases have been reported in simple organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. We analyzed here the main pathogenetic and clinical features of these two groups of diseases mostly dealing with their similarities and differences.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Autoinmunes/inmunología , Caenorhabditis elegans/inmunología , Drosophila melanogaster/inmunología , Inmunidad Adaptativa , Animales , Evolución Biológica , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Humanos , Inmunidad Innata , Inflamación/inmunología , Plantas/inmunología , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto
8.
Eur J Phys Rehabil Med ; 47(1): 149-75, 2011 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21448125

RESUMEN

Memory impairment is a common consequence of neurological injury or disease, causing significant disability in everyday life, and is therefore a critical target for rehabilitation intervention. Here we report a review of the available evidence on the efficacy of restitution-oriented therapies and compensatory approaches for memory rehabilitation. A total of 110 studies was systematically classified and analyzed in order to generate evidence-based clinical recommendations for treatment providers. Different key aspects, such as types of brain damage, treatments characteristics and outcome measurements guided the evaluation of the literature as to appraise the potential interaction between patients characteristics, interventions and outcomes. The general conclusion is that memory re-training programs and compensatory approaches are probably effective in ameliorating memory disorders in patients with focal brain lesions, with some evidences of changes in memory functioning extending beyond the trained skills. Externally directed assistive devices and specific learning strategies are effective (with a level D and B of evidence, respectively) in retaining information relevant for daily needs also in patients with degenerative diseases. Some methodological concerns, such as the heterogeneity of subjects, interventions and outcomes studied, may limit the generalization of the present recommendations.


Asunto(s)
Lesiones Encefálicas/rehabilitación , Trastornos del Conocimiento/rehabilitación , Trastornos de la Memoria/rehabilitación , Lesiones Encefálicas/complicaciones , Trastornos del Conocimiento/etiología , Práctica Clínica Basada en la Evidencia , Humanos , Trastornos de la Memoria/etiología , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto
9.
Arch Gerontol Geriatr ; 53(1): e75-80, 2011.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21144601

RESUMEN

Individual differences in working memory (WM) have been shown to reflect the ability to control attention in order to prevent interference. This study examines the role of WM capacity in resisting interference in the Hayling task, in samples of younger and older adults. In each age group, high and low WM span individuals had to complete high-cloze sentences with either expected words (initiation) or words providing no meaning to the sentences (interference). Results showed increased response times and decreased correct responses in interference, as compared to initiation. As interference increased, older adults demonstrated lower accuracy than younger ones. Further, low spans demonstrated higher interference costs than high spans on accuracy, while the reverse pattern was found for response times. Our findings suggest that both age and individual differences in WM capacity need to be considered to account for differences in the ability to resist to interference.


Asunto(s)
Atención , Memoria a Corto Plazo , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven
10.
Arch Gerontol Geriatr ; 51(2): 135-42, 2010.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19846224

RESUMEN

The Color Stroop Test is consensually considered as a task to assess the efficiency of inhibitory mechanisms. If the Stroop interference effect is largely undisputed, it is also acknowledged that the size of this effect varies as a function of various task manipulations, such as the task format. The aim of the present study was to compare the size of adult age-related differences in inhibition as assessed by two different versions of the Color Stroop Test: a standard Blocked paper-and-pencil version and a computerized Item-by-item one. Results showed pronounced age-related differences in the interference effect in the Blocked version, but not in the Item-by-item one. These findings are discussed in terms of the characteristics of the tasks. The choice of the appropriate version with respect to clinical aims is also addressed.


Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/psicología , Pruebas de Percepción de Colores/métodos , Test de Stroop , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Atención , Femenino , Humanos , Inhibición Psicológica , Masculino , Pruebas Psicológicas , Adulto Joven
11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7534434

RESUMEN

We undertook a prospective study of all the children who, having consulted the Child Psychiatry Services (Service Médico-Pédagogique) between 1963 and 1967, later consulted the Adult Public Psychiatry Service (720 cases). We looked for specific clinical clusters which would enable us to differentiate statistically the groups of children according to their adult diagnoses. We present here the results for the group of children who were diagnosed as suffering from "personality disorders" in adulthood. We were able to establish an infantile cluster that significantly differentiated these children. It includes: aggressiveness, oppositional behaviour, unsociability, conflicts with peers. 54.6% had already been diagnosed as suffering from personality disorders in childhood. According to these results, the more a consulting child fits this profile, the greater the risk that he will suffer from a "personality disorder" in adulthood. We discuss the continuity/discontinuity of the symptomatology, and the implications for diagnoses of "personality disorders" and "borderline personalities".


Asunto(s)
Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/diagnóstico , Trastornos Mentales/diagnóstico , Desarrollo de la Personalidad , Trastornos de la Personalidad/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Agresión/psicología , Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/diagnóstico , Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe/psicología , Niño , Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/psicología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Relaciones Interpersonales , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Relaciones Madre-Hijo , Apego a Objetos , Trastornos de la Personalidad/psicología , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo
12.
Artículo en Francés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7687380

RESUMEN

The demographic stability of the Swiss Canton of Geneva provided us with the necessary conditions for a follow-up study of the entire childhood population who, having consulted the Child Psychiatry Services between 1963 and 1967, later consulted the adult public psychiatric services (720 cases). We looked for specific clusters of clinical signs which would enable us to differentiate, statistically speaking, the groups of children according to their adult diagnosis. We present here the results for the group of children who were diagnosed at adulthood as drug addicts (DSM III R). We found a specific cluster significantly differentiating these children from the other populations. It includes: a personality disorder (undifferentiated behaviour, and solitary and aggressive behaviour), environmental factors (monoparental, rejecting family) and a lack of mental deficiency.


Asunto(s)
Desarrollo de la Personalidad , Desarrollo Psicosexual , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/psicología , Hijo de Padres Discapacitados/psicología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Medio Social
13.
Artículo en Francés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1373249

RESUMEN

The demographical stability of the Canton of Geneva made it possible for us to do a prospective study of all the children who had consulted the Child Psychiatry Service between 1963 and 1967 and who later consulted the public adult psychiatry services. On the basis of the adult diagnoses, wo looked for specific clinical "clusters" in childhood which would allow us to differentiate statistically the groups of children. We present here the results of the group of children who developed schizophrenia in adulthood. We found a specific childhood "cluster" which clearly distinguishes these children from the others. It includes: serious relational disorders, neurodevelopmental impairment, attention deficit and school learning disorders.


Asunto(s)
Apego a Objetos , Desarrollo de la Personalidad , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Psicología del Esquizofrénico , Medio Social , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Comunicación , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Trastornos del Desarrollo del Lenguaje/diagnóstico , Trastornos del Desarrollo del Lenguaje/genética , Trastornos del Desarrollo del Lenguaje/psicología , Discapacidades para el Aprendizaje/diagnóstico , Discapacidades para el Aprendizaje/genética , Discapacidades para el Aprendizaje/psicología , Acontecimientos que Cambian la Vida , Masculino , Trastornos Neurocognitivos/diagnóstico , Trastornos Neurocognitivos/genética , Trastornos Neurocognitivos/psicología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Esquizofrenia/genética , Socialización
14.
Thymus ; 8(6): 331-9, 1986.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3544353

RESUMEN

The effectiveness of an orally administrable thymic derivative (Thymomodulin) for the treatment of the recurrent respiratory infections (RRI) in children has been studied in a double-blind clinical trial with historical comparison. In the Thymomodulin treated group a significant decrease of the monthly frequency of RRI has been observed in comparison with the previous year (P less than 0.05) and with the placebo treated group (P less than 0.002). The evaluation of the laboratory data at the beginning of the study didn't show in the two groups typical alterations of the common hematological and immunological parameters, but at the end of the trial a statistically significant increase of the levels of salivary IgA has been noticed only in the Thymomodulin treated group (P less than 0.02).


Asunto(s)
Niño , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos del Timo/uso terapéutico , Administración Oral , Adolescente , Animales , Bovinos , Preescolar , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades/tratamiento farmacológico , Método Doble Ciego , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina A/análisis , Inmunoglobulina A/metabolismo , Masculino , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/sangre , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/prevención & control , Saliva/análisis , Extractos del Timo/administración & dosificación
15.
Pediatr Med Chir ; 6(5): 673-6, 1984.
Artículo en Italiano | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6535131

RESUMEN

Numerous environmental conditions have been considered factors which may favour atopic disease. 320 children (233 males and 87 females, aged from 1 year and 10 months to 16 years and 6 months) were followed at the Out-patients' Department for Allergology of the V Pediatric Clinic (University of Milano). These children were examined in order to determine possible environmental factors, which could be related to subsequent allergic sensitization in infancy. We excluded all the subjects with a high atopic risk owing to: gestational age under 36 weeks, weight at birth under 2,500 Kg, respiratory distress in infancy, bronchiolitis in the first 6 months of life, particularly unfavourable conditions of the domestic microclimate. We did not find any correlation between the length of the period of breast feeding alone and the subsequent appearance of atopic sensitization. The only factor which could be related to atopic sensitization was the season of birth: the majority of atopic subjects were born in the period of maximum exposure to their respective allergens. Our data underline the difficulty in planning any efficacious prophylactic measure against respiratory allergy, limiting our possibilities to the improvement of assistance during pregnancy and to newborns and to the realization of better hygienic and environmental conditions.


Asunto(s)
Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/etiología , Adolescente , Peso al Nacer , Lactancia Materna , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estaciones del Año , Factores de Tiempo
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