Fungi associated to musca domestica captured with traps containing chemical bait and by direct search / Fungos associados à Musca Domestica capturadas através de armadilhas com isca química e busca direta

This study evaluated the isolation of fungi from Musca domestica captured through direct search and chemical baits and also the influence of chemical bait for the growth of fungi found on these flies. Collection using traps with chemical bait, composed of the insecticide Imidacloprid, and a direct search were carried out. It was verified that 71.73% of the flies collected from the direct search presented fungi growth, whereas only 28.26% of the flies captured using chemical bait showed fungi growth. In the test carried out with the addition of chemical bait to the BDA media culture, fungal growth was not observed. For studies of fungi resident on M. domestica, the use of the insecticide Imidacloprid with chemical bait is not recommended, as this product can inhibit some microorganisms, including potential biocontrols for M. domestica.

Este trabalho avaliou o isolamento de fungos em Musca domestica através da busca direta e por meio de iscas químicas e também a influência desta isca química para o crescimento de fungos encontrados nessas moscas. Foram realizadas coletas usando armadilhas com iscas químicas, compostas do inseticida Imidacloprid e outra por busca direta. Verificou-se que em 71,73% das moscas coletadas por busca direta apresentaram crescimento fúngico, enquanto as moscas capturadas usando iscas químicas apresentaram apenas 28,26% de crescimento fúngico. No teste realizado adicionando a isca química em meio de cultura BDA, não foi observado crescimento fúngico. Para estudos de fungos residentes em M. domestica, o uso do inseticida Imidacloprid como isca química não é recomendado, pois este produto pode inibir determinados microrganismos, inclusive possíveis biocontroladores de M. domestica.

Isolamento e seleção de fungos para controle de larvas de terceiro instar de Musca domestica / Isolation and selection of fungi in order to control Musca domestica third-instar larvae

O controle biológico no Brasil vem crescendo devido aos problemas gerados pelo uso indiscriminado de inseticidas químicos. A Musca domestica representa o maior problema em granjas avícolas devido às condições favoráveis para seu crescimento populacional. Sendo assim, foram realizadas capturas de dípteros muscoides em um aviário na região de Montes Claros, MG, usando armadilhas contendo isca química e captura por busca direta e, destas moscas, foram isolados e identificados fungos residentes nestes insetos. Os fungos isolados foram duas espécies do gênero Aspergillus sp., um do gênero Memnoniella sp., Scopulariopsis sp., Paecilomyces sp e um fungo da família Moniliaceae. Foram também requeridos junto ao CENARGEM/EMBRAPA as espécies de fungos entomopatogênicos Beauveria bassiana CG 470 e CG 472; Metarhizium anisopliae CG 34 e CG 312 e o Paecilomyces sp. CG 301. As espécies selecionadas para os bioensaios foram um Aspergillus sp., Memnoniella sp. e os Metarhizium anisopliae CG 34 e CG 312 por terem boa esporulação. Os fungos Aspergillus sp. e o Memnoniella sp. não apresentaram capacidade entomopatogênica, os fungos M. anisopliae CG 34 e CG 312 foram bastante eficientes em controlar a emergência dos adultos de M. domestica, mostrando-se bons agentes de controle biológico.

Use of biological control measures in Brazil has been increasing because of the problems generated from the indiscriminate use of chemical insecticides. Musca domestica represents the biggest problem to poultry farms due to the favorable conditions for its population growth. The present study was therefore conducted, beginning with captures of muscoid diptera on a poultry farm in the Montes Claros region, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, using traps containing chemical bait and as well as capture by direct search, and the fungi resident on these flies was isolated and identified. The isolated fungi were two species of Aspergillus sp., one each from the genera Memnoniella sp., Scopulariopsis sp., Paecilomyces sp., and one fungi of the family Moniliaceae. Also, the entomopathogenic species of fungi Beauveria bassiana CG 470 and CG 472, Metarhizium anisopliae CG 34 and CG 312, and Paecilomyces sp. CG 301 were requested from CENARGEM/EMBRAPA. The species selected for the bioassays were Aspergillus sp., Memnoniella sp. and Metarhizium anisopliae CG 34 and CG 312. The fungi Aspergillus sp. and the Memnoniella sp. did not present entomopathogenic capacity; the fungi Metarhizium anisopliae CG 34 and CG 312 were sufficiently efficient in controlling the emergence of the adults of Musca domestica, showing themselves good agents of biological control.

Radiographic evaluation of periradicular repair after endodontic treatment of dog's teeth with induced periradicular periodontitis.

Eighty-four root canals of premolars from six dogs were left open for 7 days, and then sealed and followed for 45 days until periradicular periodontitis developed. The root canals were then treated endodontically using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite as the irrigating solution. After instrumentation, all root canals were filled with a calcium hydroxide-based antibacterial dressing (Calen PMCC or Calasept) that was left in place for 30 days. After this period the root canals were filled with gutta-percha cones and a root canal sealer (Sealapex or AH Plus)--group I: Calen PMCC + Sealapex; group II: Calasept + Sealapex; group III: Calen PMCC + AH Plus; and group IV: Calasept + AH Plus. Periapical radiographs of the teeth were made after root canal filling and after 90, 180, 270, and 360 days. Radiographic images were digitalized by scanning, and the Mocha program was used to measure the periapical lesions. Analysis showed that the lesions of groups I to III were statistically similar reduction in size, whereas group IV had a smaller reduction in lesion size (p < 0.05).

[Aicardi syndrome: case report]. / Síndrome de Aicardi: relato de caso.

We report a case of Aicardi syndrome in a female child with 2 month old, ocular abnormalities "chorioretinal lacunae", flexion in spasms, hipsarrhythmic "split brain", callosal agenesis referred to Service of Neuropediatric and Neurophysiology of Base Hospital of São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.

[Epileptic syndromes and seizures and their relationship with work: a prospective ambulatory study in 412 epileptic patients]. / As síndromes e crises epilépticas e suas relações com trabalho: estudo prospectivo ambulatorial de 412 pacientes.

This study aims to evaluate, prospectively, the epileptic syndromes and seizures types upon work based on a sample of 412 out-patients from Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil. It was observed that the epileptic syndromes were significant in relation to the patients' labor skills (p= 0.001): the idiopathic syndromes showed less prejudiced, while the symptomatic was more. The seizures types also had some influence in relation to the patients' labor skills (p=0.016): the generalized non-convulsive seizures had no involvement; the simple partial and the non-classified had moderately involvement; and the simple partial seizures evolving to complex and tonic-clonic generalized were the seizures which mostly have taken the patients away from work. The seizure severity was also analyzed.

[Duration and age range of epilepsy and its correlation with work: prospective ambulatory study in 379 epileptics]. / Duração e faixa etária da epilepsia e suas correlações com trabalho: estudo prospectivo ambulatorial em 379 epilépticos.

This study aims to evaluate, prospectively, the relationship of the active epilepsy length and the work, of the 379 out-patients from Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto. Epilepsy length was subdivided into 5 time rates and by age, into 3 age-groups. There was no relationship, not considering the age of patient among the epilepsy length and the work, but young patient (14 at 29 years old) and with recent epilepsy (length of 0 at 5 years) lost more work than the adult and elderly epileptic.

[Migration in different sorts of work, unemployment and retirement of 81 epileptic patients. 3 years of ambulatory follow-up]. / Migração de 81 epilépticos entre as modalidades de trabalho, desemprego e aposentadoria: três anos de seguimento ambulatorial.

This study aims to assess epileptic patients migration in different sorts of paid/non paid and formal/informal work, unemployment and retirement. Eighty one epileptic patients were evolutively analyzed (cohort) at the Epilepsy Department of Hospital de Base, Medical School, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil. The epileptic percentages in different sorts of work, in March 1996 was compared with the one after three-year follow-up period in March 1999. There were no statistical significant changes among the same sorts of work in this period. However, there were intense migrations in relation to different sorts of work. Paid work showed migration to unemployment and retirement. This research shows the significant migration of epileptic patient either to some kind of a less qualified work or to some social security dependence as well as to early retirement.

A comparison of molar root canal preparation using stainless-steel and nickel-titanium instruments.

Fifty-four extracted human mandibular molars were embedded and sectioned at two levels. The reassembled mesial root canals were prepared with stainless-steel hand K-files (Flexofiles) and either Nitiflex or Mity nickel-titanium hand K-files using a push-pull anticurvature filing technique. Each of the three experimental groups contained 36 mesial canals randomly distributed. Superimposed pre- and post-instrumentation cross-sectional root images were magnified using a stereomicroscope and transferred to a computer for measurement and statistical analysis. The direction and extent of canal center movement were evaluated. At the apical level, the groups produced no significant difference of direction of canal center movement. In cervical sections, all groups tended to move in a distolingual direction. The three groups, however, produced no significant difference in the cervical sections in the extent of canal center movement. In apical sections, Nitiflex produced the least canal center movement.

[Age of appearance and disappearance of rolandic spikes of 160 children treated in ambulatory. Actuarial study]. / Idade de aparecimento e desaparecimento das pontas rolândicas em 160 crianças acompanhadas ambulatorialmente. Estudo atuarial.

UNLABELLED: This study aims to determine the age at which the rolandic spikes (RS) appear and disappear in routine EEGs. METHOD: It has been carried out a hospital based prospective study of 412 EEGs records of 160 children who had been assisted at the neuropediatric out-patient department during the period between March, 1989 and March, 1998. Recordings were made on 8-channel instruments and 10/20 system has been to place the electrodes. The children have been divided into 4 groups, according to their age (1 to 4; 5 to 8; 9 to 16; 1 to 16), and the actuarial curve method has been used to show the disappearance of the rolandic spikes. RESULTS: RS distribution between boys and girls has been 64/36 ratio. RS have been found at average age of 7 years (boys, 7.2 and girls, 6.6). In a small group of children with normal EEGs previous to the RS appearance, the average age has been 6.8 years old. After this 7-year follow up period, the percentage of patients free from RSs was 60% for 1 to 4 year old group at admission; 84% for the 5 to 8 year old group and for the 9 to 16 year old group. For the total group (1 to 16 year old), the percentage of those free from RSs after this 7 year follow up period was 78%. CONCLUSION: This study shows that RSs appear at the average age of 7 years old, and are likely to disappear up to the end of a 7-year follow up period, independently on the appearance age.