[Industrial aerosols are a risk factor of oncologic diseases in underground miners].

The paper contains new data on the carcinogenicity of industrial aerosol to miners engaged to underground extraction of sulphide copper and nickel ores. Earlier appearance of oncologic diseases (lung and stomach cancer) is typical of this category of workers, exposed to higher aerogenic concentration of nickel in mine atmosphere. This fact demonstrates that the leading role in the ethiology of these diseases is played by multicomponent industrial aerosol containing nickel in the form of complex sulphides.

[On carcinogenic effects of sulfate copper and nickel ore]. / Ob onkogennom deistvii pyli sul'fidnykh medno-nikelevykh rud.

Underground mines are places for extraction of three types of copper and nickel sulfide ores: rich, copper and incorporated--those three ones differ in mimeralogic and chemical contents. Experimental evaluation of carcinogenic effects obtained during intratracheal administration of copper and incorporated ores indicates the certain carcinogenic activity of the dust with 0.49-1.14% nickel and 1.9-5.8% copper content--therefore a unified MAC for all the stated dust types could be suggested.

[The evaluation of hazardous cinder wastes in Ulan Ude thermal power stations]. / Otsenka opasnosti zoloshlakovykh otkhodov Ulan-Udenskikh TETS.

Considering possibility of waste materials use in building materials production, the authors evaluated toxicity of ash and clinker waste of electric power stations in Ulan-Ude city. The ash dust and its tincture in water, when injected even in maximal amounts, induced no intoxication symptoms and death in experimental animals, therefore bear no toxicity. Using toxicity indexes to compare ash and clinker waste dust with nontoxic dust proved the studied waste to be nontoxic and acceptable for use in building industry.

[Fibrogenic and general toxic effects of copper and nickel sulfide ore dust (data for a hygienic evaluation)]. / Fibrogennoe i obshchetoksicheskoe deistvie pyli medno-nikelevykh sul'fidnykh rud (materialy k gigienicheskoi reglamentatsii).

Experiments on acute and chronic inhalation of copper and nickel sulfide ore dust proved that the dust of rich ore, if compared with that of copper-bearing and impregnated ore, induces more marked toxic effects. Intratracheal administration of all the dust types, 50 mg, and inhalation of the high concentrations (102 mg/cu m in average) induced fibrogenic effects. The dust of rich ore induced more marked fibrogenic reaction in lungs, in 3 months after 6-month period of inhalations stopped that reaction disappeared. General toxic effects caused by the dust either of rich ore or impregnated ore were mild. Justifying the MAC requires consideration of possible carcinogenic effect.

[Experimental studies evaluating oncogenic effects of copper-nickel sulfide ore dust]. / Eksperimental'nye issledovaniia po otsenke onkogennogo deistviia pyli medno-nikelevoi sul'fidnoi rudy.

The experiments on animals studied mutagenic activity of copper-nickel sulfide ore dust. Micronucleus test proved mild mutagenic activity of the ore under study. Chronic inhalation of the dust induced malignancies (mostly lung tumors and leukoses) in 52% of the experimental Wistar rats, that could be caused by dissolution of the dust components in the body fluids.

[Dust and gas factors in extraction of polymetallic ore in Arctic conditions and their hygienic assessment]. / Pylevoi i gazovyi faktory pri dobyche polimetallicheskikh rud v usloviiakh Zapoliar'ia i ikh gigienicheskaia otsenka.

Studies of drilling and blasting method of copper and nickel ores extraction at underground Transpolar mines proved that the highest concentrations of dust appeared during dry drilling of vertical blast holes, work of scraper windlass, fragmentation of out-size blocks, preparation of concrete mixture. Presence of aggressive metals, especially nickel, in the ore dust is a main base for planned thorough investigations of fibrogenic, toxic and carcinogenic effects of copper and nickel ore dust, for more precise assessment of its MAC in the air of workplace. Two-step purification of exhaust gases appearing due to mining diesel machines is not quite efficient, as the concentrations of nitrogen oxides (assessed through nitrogen dioxide) continually exceeded the MAC.

[The working conditions during the prototype commercial operation of continuous-output equipment in KATEK coal stripping and sanitary improvement measures]. / Usloviia truda pri opytno-promyshlennoi ékspluatatsii kompleksa nepreryvnogo deistviia na ugol'nmom razreze KATEK i ozdorovitel'nye meropriiatiia.

Work conditions were analysed in workers engaged into realization of the new coal extracting line technology producing 5250 m3 of coal per hr in KATEK open-cast mine. Hygienic standards appeared to be followed mainly on the constant working places and in the mining machine cabs, but noise dust parameters were not evaluated in the transloaders, microclimate parameters of excavator and transloaders were not assessed during the cold season. High concentration of dust appear in the air due to mining machines cleaning with the pumped air. Workers engaged into the coal transportation and its intermediate storage appeared to work in more hazardous conditions. Sanitary measures are suggested.

[Occupational morbidity among coal miners in the RSFSR]. / Profzabolevaemost' rabochikh ugol'noi promyshlennosti v RSFSR.

Analysis of occupational morbidity for 1982-1989 in coal extraction industry workers in the Russian Federation showed its high-level detection in coal-miners. Revealed was a decrease in dust-induced occupational diseases and a greater detection of vibration disease cases, which accounted for 50% in the occupational diseases' structure. In miners, vibration disease cases occurred equally often in coal mine face-workers and driving team workers. The face-workers also exhibited dust-induced diseases and locomotor system disorders. In open pit mines and coal-refining plants, occupational pathology cases were only sporadic. Detectability of occupational morbidity cases was highest in the Rostov Region, Kemerovo, Far-East and Komi coal mines. The performed analysis revealed factors which influence most of all the prevalent forms of occupational pathology, thus laying the basis for the elaboration of health improvement measures.

[Hygiene and health related certification of a workplace and its significance in the preservation of workers' health]. / Sanitarno-gigienicheskaia attestatsiia rabochikh mest i ee znachenie v sokhranenii zdorov'ia rabochikh.

The article provides an outline of the techniques in the hygienic assessment of working places, along with the practical application of the data received. The importance of the assessment technique for health improvement measures planning is also substantiated.

[Work conditions and health status of workers in coal mining open pits of the Kansk-Achinsk fuel-energy complex and the Southern Yakutsk coal complex]. / Usloviia truda i sostoianie zdorov'ia rabochikh na ugol'nykh razrezakh Kansko-Achinskogo toplivno-énergeticheskogo kompleksa i Iuzhno-Iakustskogo ugol'nogo kompleksa.

A hygienic assessment of the working conditions at the open-cast mines of KATEK and YuYaUK showed that the conditions were better at KATEK than at the Neryungrin mine, due to milder climate, non-transport system of stripping, wheel-type trenching, and railway transport in the mining areas. No cases of occupational disease were registered. The working conditions and the character of work may influence the general morbidity, in particular the development of cardiovascular disease. The efficacy of health promotion actions is analysed and recommendations on further improvement of the working conditions are presented.