Comparative Informativity of Computing Methods of Insulin Resistance Assessment.

We conducted a comparative study of the calculated indices of insulin resistance HOMA-R, Caro, FGIR, and QUICKI in 29 healthy volunteers (mean age 26.21±0.93 years) with normal body mass index (23.34±0.55 kg/m2). Among the used methods for insulin resistance assessment, QUICKI is the only method that has characteristics required for the diagnostic criterium: low variability coefficient, 100% reproducibility, and minimum coefficient of variation.

Discoordination of Autonomic Support of Functions in the Pathogenesis Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

A cross-sectional study performed on a continuous sample of 32 patients (mean age 46.36±3.31 years) with gastroesophageal reflux disease and excess body weight showed that the disturbance of sympathetic/parasympathetic relationships, disruption of segmental and compensatory increase in the suprasegmental mechanisms of autonomic regulation determines the course of gastroesophageal reflux disease in these patients.

[The Modern Characteristics and Trends of Tuberculosis Epidemiology in Samara].

The article presents the results of investigation of features of dynamics of main demographic indices characterizing epidemic condition with tuberculosis in Samara during last decade. The gender age, social and clinical structures of patients spotted for the first time.

Specific Features of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Patients with Overweight (Basis for Personalized Treatment).

А cross-sectional study was performed on a continuous sample of patients (N=52) with the gastroesophageal reflux disease. Specific features of this disease in patients with overweight were revealed. Regurgitation predominated in the structure of complaints. Fibrogastroduodenoscopy revealed endoscopically negative form of the diseases in 38% of cases. According to 24-h pH monitoring results, alkaline reflux pH>7 took more than 25% time in supine position at high DeMeester score, which limits the usage of aggressive acid-lowering therapy.

Role of JAK/STAT3 Signaling in Functional Stimulation of Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells by Fibroblast Growth Factor.

JAK/STAT signaling pathway was examined during functional stimulation of mesenchymal progenitor cells with fibroblast growth factor. The differences were observed in the realizations of the proliferation-differentiation potential of CFU-fibroblasts under blockade of JAKs or during selective inactivation of STAT3. The study revealed stimulating influences of JAKs and STAT3 on mitotic activity of progenitor cells and individual roles of these proteins in the control of their maturation. Blockade of JAKs diminished the level of fibroblast colony formation and the score of actively proliferating CFU-fibroblasts at the background increase of the differentiation rate of progenitor cells. In contrast, STAT3 inhibitor resulted in a coordinated decrease of all examined parameters.

Particular Role of JAK/STAT3 Signaling in Functional Control of Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells.

The role of JAK/STAT3-mediated signaling pathway in the realization of the growth potential of mesenchymal precursor cells was examined in vitro. The stimulating role of JAKs and STAT3 towards proliferating activity of progenitor cells and their different role in the regulation of differentiation of the progenitor elements were demonstrated. Inhibitors of JAKs and STAT3 reduced the yield of fibroblast CFU and their mitotic activity. Blockade of JAKs accelerated and selective inactivation of STAT3 decelerated differentiation of progenitor cells.

Extension of the Metabolic Syndrome Cluster.

In a one-stage cross-sectional study, a continuous sample of 102 patients (mean age 47.81±0.63 years) with metabolic syndrome was examined. It was found that autonomic dysfunction determines specific features of arterial hypertension in this group of patients, it causes cardiac autonomic neuropathy and underlies the mechanisms of lower urinary tract symptoms development.

Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Outbreak and Development of Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.

A cross-sectional study of universe sample of patients (N=135; mean age -49.7±0.8 years) with metabolic syndrome yielded the incidence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy of 37.5%. The pathogenetic peculiarities were revealed for the onset and development of this neuropathy. At the early stages, the progress of cardiac autonomic neuropathy closely correlated with elevation of blood glucose, while endothelial dysfunction progressing at the later period against the background of persistent hyperglycemia is viewed as an extra factor contributing to the development of this disease.

Effectiveness of Lifestyle Modification in Corrections of States Associated with Metabolic Syndrome.

In a 3-month study, 30 obese patients were assigned to lifestyle modification therapy, which is the major component of all modern strategies correcting the metabolic syndrome. The 3-month course of non-pharmacological therapy significantly diminished the major index evaluating the state of these patients, i.e., the risk of cardiovascular disasters. This therapy positively affected all the states associated with metabolic syndrome: arterial BP attained the targets in 53% patients together with normalization of their nocturnal arterial BP dipping status; the lipid panel and carbohydrate metabolic indices normalized in 46 and 44% patients, respectively; hepatic steatosis moderated in 56% patients; and the disturbances in hemostasis were annihilated in 67% patients.

Cardiac Autonomic Drive during Arterial Hypertension and Metabolic Disturbances.

ANS support of the cardiac work was assessed with analysis of heart rate variability in representative samples of patients with arterial hypertension and metabolic disturbances manifested by overweight, classes I-II obesity, compromised glucose tolerance, and type II diabetes. Initially enhanced sympathetic effects on the heart rate demonstrated no further increase during the orthostatic test in contrast to suprasegmentary influences enhanced by this test. The pronouncedness of revealed peculiarities in ANS drive to the heart correlated with metabolic disturbances, and these peculiarities attained maximum in patients with type II diabetes.

Global Tests in Evaluation of the Function of Pro-and Anticoagulant Systems: Present and Future.

Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of global tests for evaluation of the blood coagulation systems demonstrated the possibility of obtaining express data on hemostasis stages I-II and III when working with native substrate (whole blood). Changes in viscous characteristics of the whole blood recorded ex vivo during hemocoagulation allowed us to propose the concept of permanency of fibrinogenesis as the obligatory in vivo process determining the hemostatic potential, an integral characteristic of the hemocoagulation cycle providing sufficient blood fluidity and limiting extravasation of blood components under conditions of permeability disturbances and damage to the vascular wall.

[Comparative analysis of incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among military personnel and seafarers serving on the bank].

The study presents retrospective analysis of navy soldiers' cardiovascular diseases, which most often cause the growth in labor force, loss rates and navy soldiers' dismissal and mortality rates, and, therefore, are one of the most pressing problems of the military medical services. Comparative assessment conducted between emergence and pervasiveness of these diseases in navy with those of land-based soldiers. Analysis of correlation between morbidity rates and length of service in navy is also included.

Pecularities of prolonged use of moxonidine in patients with hypertension associated with metabolic syndrome.

A 6-month clinical study with active therapeutic intervention was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of moxonidine for the correction of arterial hypertension in 30 patients with metabolic syndrome. Along with the metabolic neutrality for the lipid and purine metabolism, the drug demonstrated a distinct antihypertensive effect, which against the background of pronounced sympatholytic action after 3 months of therapy tends to disappear, which can be prevented by dosage correction. It was shown that the efficacy of moxonidine in reducing insulin resistance in patients with metabolic syndrome directly depends on the severity of hypersympathicotonia manifesting in heart rate over 80 bpm at rest.

Correction of endothelial dysfunction in patients with arterial hypertension.

We examined 38 patients (mean age 55.92 ± 1.56 years) with a 3-5-year history of arterial hypertension. The study showed that hypertension is accompanied by endothelial dysfunction and one of its forming factors is activation of the inflammatory response. Highly sensitive diagnostic tests can verify initiation of inflammation in preclinical manifestations. The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, irrespective of the tropism to cyclooxygenase forms, alleviates manifestations of endothelial dysfunction in patients with arterial hypertension.

[Metabolic effects of mexidol in complex treatment of chronic brain ischemia].

Patients with a chronic brain ischemia of stages I-II on the background of hypertension and/or cerebral atherosclerosis are characterized by energy insufficiency of the metabolism, as estimated by the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Within the framework of randomized comparative investigation of the efficiency of actovegin and mexidol in the complex therapy of a chronic brain ischemia, positive dynamics in reduction of the clinical semiology, restoration of cognitive processes in the brain, and reduction of the expression of subjective manifestations of the disease is established. On this background, the administration of mexidol led to restoration of the energy exchange due to substrate effects of the Krebs cycle intermediates present in its structure.

[Dependence of the pharmacokinetics of captopril on the type of adaptation reactions in the organism].

The dependence of the pharmacokinetic profiles (PhP) of captopril in the phase of adaptation reactions in the organism has been studied within the framework of randomized, comparative, double cross research of bioeqivalency of captopril (Aspharma Co, Anzhero-Sudzhensk) and capoten (Bristol Myers Squibb Co.; official Russian producer, Akrikhin KhimFarmKombinat). It is established that the maximum bioaccessibility and high concentration of captopril in the blood plasma is determined on the background of physiologically optimum reactions of training and in the zone of quiet activation. These characteristics decrease during the reactions of general adaptation syndrome according to the type of increased activation and reactivation.

Adaptive effects of dexamethasone in stress exposure.

Disorders in the compensatory adaptive processes underlie the development of many somatic diseases. The neuroimmunoendocrine complex and one of its main components, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, play the leading role in the maintenance of the adaptation reserve. Treatment with a synthetic analog of hydrocortisone (final effector of this system) in low doses modulates its function by inducing positive changes in the adaptive mechanisms under conditions of stress exposure.

[Evaluation of homeostatic disorders induced by radiation exposure].

Possibilities of correction and prophylaxis. The authors presented results of study covering workers of radiation-dangerous plants of Siberian Chemical Enterprise, who underwent long-term exposure to outer and inner radiation in "low" doses range during the occupational activity. Target-systems for radiation effects were proved to be lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence systems, cell energy metabolism--severity of disorders in which is correlated with degree of radiation exposure.

[The duration of the action of a single dose of aspirin, kurantil and nicotinic acid during pregnancy complicated by EPH gestosis]. / O dlitel'nosti deistviia odnokratnoi dozy aspirina, kurantila i nikotinovoi kisloty pri beremennosti, oslozhnennoi OPG-gestozom.

Disorders in the system of blood aggregation state control (BASC) reflects the severity of OPH-gestosis (edema, proteinuria, hypertension). The duration of the therapeutic effect of the applied antithrombotics has not been studied essentially. The parameters and duration of the effective responses in the BASC system after a single dose of aspirin, curantyl, and nicotinic acid were studied in 45 females with OPH-gestosis of moderate severity. The deaggregation effect of aspirin lasted 48 h, that of nicotinic acid persisted for 7 h., the effect of curantyl developed in 72 h. and lasted 24 h. The prescription of individually selected and controlled doses of activators of fibrinolysis and deaggregants makes it possible to abolish disorders of the BASC system in pregnant females with OPH-gestosis of moderate severity.