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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cognitive function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of a cohort of patients with RA initiating their first biological treatment due to moderate-to-high inflammation and a healthy control group (no inflammatory diseases) matched for age, sex and educational level. All participants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, with cognitive impairment defined as a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score<26. Additional assessments included various cognitive tests (STROOP, forward and backward digit spans), anxiety and depression scales (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), quality of life measures (Quality of Life-Rheumatoid Arthritis) and average inflammatory activity according to the 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28)-C-reactive protein (CRP) into high activity (DAS28≥3.2) and low activity (DAS28<3.2) groups, also CRP levels and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were measured using an ELISA. RESULTS: The study population comprised 140 participants, 70 patients with RA and 70 controls. Patients more frequently experienced cognitive impairment than controls (60% vs 40%; p=0.019) and had lower mean (SD) values in the MoCA (23.6 (3.9) vs 25.1 (3.4); p=0.019. As for subtests of the MoCA, involvement was more marked in patients than in controls for the visuospatial-executive (p=0.030), memory (p=0.026) and abstraction (p=0.039) domains. Additionally, patients scored lower on executive function, as assessed by the backward digit span test (4.0 (1.7) vs 4.7 (1.9); p=0.039). Cognitive impairment is associated with age and a lower educational level in the general population, and among patients with RA with educational level, obesity and average inflammatory activity (DAS28, CRP, and IL-6). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with RA with high inflammatory activity are more susceptible to cognitive impairment, which specifically affects the domains of visuospatial, memory, abstraction and executive function.
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Artritis Reumatoide , Proteína C-Reactiva , Cognición , Disfunción Cognitiva , Inflamación , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Humanos , Artritis Reumatoide/psicología , Artritis Reumatoide/complicaciones , Artritis Reumatoide/sangre , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Transversales , Inflamación/sangre , Inflamación/etiología , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Disfunción Cognitiva/etiología , Disfunción Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Anciano , Calidad de Vida , Biomarcadores/sangre , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Interleucina-6/sangre , AdultoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To describe the severity and impact of gastrointestinal involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and identify associated factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Non-controlled cross-sectional study of patients with SSc (2013 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria). The main variables were severity of gastrointestinal involvement according to the University of California, Los Angeles Scleroderma Clinical Trials Consortium Gastrointestinal Tract 2.0 instrument (UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0) and dysphagia according to the Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10). We evaluated reflux, distension, diarrhoea, faecal soilage, constipation, emotional well-being and social functioning, as well as dysphagia. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) and the EuroQol-5D-3L. The degree of skin fibrosis was assessed using the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS). Multivariate models were constructed to analyse factors associated with gastrointestinal involvement and dysphagia. RESULTS: Of the 75 patients with SSc included, 58.7% had moderate, severe or very severe reflux, 57.4% had constipation according to UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0 and 49.7% had abdominal distension. Gastrointestinal symptoms interfered significantly with social functioning (42.7%) and emotional well-being (40.0%). Dysphagia (EAT-10≥3) was recorded in 52% of patients, and according to MNA-SF poor nutrition in 30.7%, and clear malnutrition requiring a nutritional intervention in 5.3%. Multivariate adjustment revealed an association between severity of gastrointestinal symptoms according to the mRSS (ß=0.249; p=0.002) and Visual Analogue Scale 3-Level EuroQol-5D (VAS-EQ-5D-3L) (ß=-0.302; p=0.001), whereas presence of dysphagia was associated with the mRSS (OR=2.794; p=0.015), VAS-EQ-5D-3L (OR=0.950; p=0.005) and malnutrition (MNA-SF≤7; OR=3.920; p=0.041). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with SSc frequently present severe gastrointestinal symptoms. These are associated with poor quality of life, more severe skin involvement and malnutrition.
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Trastornos de Deglución , Calidad de Vida , Esclerodermia Sistémica , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Humanos , Esclerodermia Sistémica/complicaciones , Esclerodermia Sistémica/psicología , Esclerodermia Sistémica/fisiopatología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Trastornos de Deglución/etiología , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/etiología , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/psicología , Estreñimiento/etiología , Estreñimiento/epidemiología , AdultoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sleep disorders and associated factors in patients with rheumatoid-arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). METHODS: We performed an observational study of 35 patients with RA-ILD (cases) and 35 age- and sex-matched RA patients without ILD (controls). We evaluated sleep disorders (Oviedo Sleep Questionnaire), positive psychological factors (resilience using the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale, emotional intelligence using the 24-item Trait Meta-Mood Scale), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), quality of life (36-item short-form survey), and fatigue (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Questionnaire). Other variables studied included the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and RA activity according to the DAS28-ESR. RESULTS: Compared to the controls, the cases were characterized by poorer sleep quality with a higher prevalence of insomnia (42% vs. 20%; p = 0.039), greater severity of insomnia (p = 0.001), and lower sleep satisfaction (p = 0.033). They also had poorer resilience and emotional recovery and more severe anxiety and depression. A diagnosis of ILD was the only factor independently associated with the three dimensions of sleep quality. The predictors of poorer sleep satisfaction in patients with RA-ILD were age (ß = -0.379), DAS28-ESR (ß = -0.331), and usual interstitial pneumonia pattern (ß = -0.438). The predictors of insomnia were DAS28-ESR (ß = 0.294), resilience (ß = -0.352), and CCI (ß = 0.377). CONCLUSIONS: RA-ILD is associated with significant sleep disorders. RA-ILD seems to be an independent risk factor for sleep alterations, with a greater impact on insomnia. Age, disease activity, and comorbidity also play a role in sleep disorders in patients with RA-ILD.
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Introducción y objetivos: los pediatras de Atención Primaria necesitamos técnicas de diagnóstico rápido (TDR) fiables para prevenir la propagación de la enfermedad COVID-19 mediante un cribado temprano y eficaz a la espera de una vacuna. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar como novedad en Atención Primaria, tanto en adultos como niños, sintomáticos y contactos asintomáticos, la sensibilidad (S) de los test de antígeno SARS-CoV-2 Panbio del laboratorio Abbott respecto a la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR).Pacientes y métodos: se incluyeron 591 pacientes (222 menores de 14 años) (249 sintomáticos y 342 contactos). Se calculó la sensibilidad (S) y la especificidad (E) junto con sus intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95%. La independencia de los dos resultados ha sido analizada mediante el test de McNemar.Resultados: la S del test en adultos fue del 81% (IC 95%: 66,16-96,34) y en niños del 80% (IC 95%: 34,94-100) dentro de los 5 primeros días. En contactos se evaluó la S en los cinco primeros días, en adultos (68%; IC 95%: 51,13-86,37), del 5.º al 9.º día (85%) y en niños (66%; IC 95%: 30,31-100). El tipo de contacto más frecuente fue domiciliario en un 52% de los casos. La E fue 100% en todos los casos.Conclusiones: el test rápido de antígeno SARS-CoV-2 Panbio puede ser útil para diagnóstico de adultos y niños los primeros cinco días de inicio de síntomas, así como entre el 5.º y 9.º día tras el contacto con positivo COVID-19 confirmado, pendiente de interpretar en futuros estudios. (AU)
Introduction and objectives: primary care paediatricians need reliable rapid diagnostic techniques (RDTs) to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) through early and effective screening while awaiting a vaccine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity (Sen) of the Abbott laboratory SARS-CoV-2 Panbio antigen test, newly introduced in primary care, in both adults and children (symptomatic and asymptomatic contacts) in comparison to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test.Sample and methods: the study included 591 patients (222 aged less than 14 years) from 7 primary care centres; of who 249 were symptomatic and 342 asymptomatic contacts. We calculated the Sen and specificity (Spe) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We assessed the independence of the two results with the McNemar test.Results: the Sen of the test within 5 days from onset was 81% in adults (95% CI, 66.16-96.34) and 80% in children (95% CI: 34.94-100). In contacts, we assessed the Sen within 5 days, in adults (68%; 95% CI: 51.13- 86.37), in 5 to 9 days (85%) and in children (66%; 95% CI: 30.31-100). The most frequent source of exposure were household contacts (52% of the cases). The Spe was 100% in every case.Conclusions: the Panbio SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test can be useful for diagnosis in adults and children within 5 days of onset, and from days 5 to 9 in contacts of confirmed COVID 19 cases. Further studies are required for adequate interpretation of the latter result. (AU)