Interleukin-4 during post-exercise recovery negatively correlates with the production of phagocyte-generated oxidants.

Exhaustive run induced a biphasic oxidative response of circulating phagocytes in 16 amateur sportsmen. The first phase involved an increment just after exercise of enhanced whole blood chemiluminescence normalized per phagocyte count, whereas in the second phase a decrement from 1 h post-exercise and ongoing till 24 h. We tested whether plasma Interleukin IL-4, IL-8, IL-10 and Tumor Necrosis Factor α concentrations change in response to exhaustive run and whether there are associations between their levels and delta resting. Moreover, IL-8 and IL-10 significantly increased immediately post-exercise and after 1 h, but later normalized. Tumor necrosis factor α rose by 1.1-times only just after exercise. However, none of these cytokines showed any correlation with the investigated chemiluminescence. Exercise did not alter plasma concentrations of IL-4. However, pre-exercise IL-4 negatively correlated with measured luminescence just after exercise (ρ = -0.54, p < 0.05), and also tended to be negatively associated with decrements of the second phase at 1 h post-exercise ρ = -0.45, p = 0.08. It is suggested that plasma IL-4, by a negative association with blood phagocytes oxidants production, could be involved in the maintenance of proper balance between oxidants and anti-oxidants during strenuous exercise and post-exercise recovery.

Exhaustive Exercise Increases Spontaneous but Not fMLP-Induced Production of Reactive Oxygen Species by Circulating Phagocytes in Amateur Sportsmen.

Strenuous exercise alters the oxidative response of blood phagocytes to various agonists. However, little is known about spontaneous post exercise oxidant production by these cells. In this cross-over trial, we tested whether an exhaustive treadmill run at a speed corresponding to 70% of VO2max affects spontaneous and fMLP-provoked oxidant production by phagocytes in 18 amateur sportsmen. Blood was collected before, just after, and 1, 3, 5 and 24 h post exercise for determination of absolute and normalized per phagocyte count spontaneous (a-rLBCL, rLBCL) and fMLP-induced luminol-enhanced whole blood chemiluminescence (a-fMLP-LBCL, fMLP-LBCL). a-rLBCL and rLBCL increased by 2.5- and 1.5-times just after exercise (p < 0.05) and then returned to baseline or decreased by about 2-times at the remaining time-points, respectively. a-fMLP-LBCL increased 1.7- and 1.6-times just after and at 3 h post-exercise (p < 0.05), respectively, while fMLP-LBCL was suppressed by 1.5- to 2.3-times at 1, 3, 5 and 24 h post-exercise. No correlations were found between elevated post-exercise a-rLBCL, a-fMLP-LBCL and run distance to exhaustion. No changes of oxidants production were observed in the control arm (1 h resting instead of exercise). Exhaustive exercise decreased the blood phagocyte-specific oxidative response to fMLP while increasing transiently spontaneous oxidant generation, which could be a factor inducing secondary rise in antioxidant enzymes activity.

[Total antioxidant status concentration in blood plasma of professional sportsmen after dosed physical exercise]. / Calkowity potencjal antyoksydacyjny w osoczu sportowców po dozowanym wysilku fizycznym.

UNLABELLED: The mechanism of functioning of the well-balanced protection system against free radicals is based on the mutual and synergistic activity of its all elements. One of the first organism reactions to physical effort is an elevated oxygen requirement due to an increased rate of metabolism, particularly in the skeletal muscles involved in performing physical work. In case of insufficient antioxidative system of blood plasma, free radicals attack the erythrocytic membrane externally and internally, leading to formation of considerable amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of dosed submaximal and maximal physical exercise on the plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) concentration in professional sportsmen and in subjects of normal physical activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 41 rugby players (junior and senior group) and 20 men of normal physical activity (control group) were the subject of the study. The plasma TAS concentration was determined: before an effort in the control group, and after 30-minute restitution period in sportsmen. RESULTS: The concentration of TAS values in subjects of normal physical activity before exercises were on average 0.65 +/- 0.15 mmol/l. In the junior group after the dosed submaximal physical exercise, the mean TAS concentration was 0.69 +/- 0.29 mmol/l, but the dosed maximal exercise lead to an increase in TAS values - 0.73 +/- 0.34 mmol/l. The higher plasma TAS concentration after the dosed submaximal physical exercise was observed in the senior group as compared to the junior group, and was on average 0.93 +/- 0.22 mmol/l. However, after the maximal exercise, the TAS concentration decreased and its average value was 0.66 +/- 0.26 mmol/l. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study indicate that the intensity of performed exercises affects the plasma TAS concentration during a single physical activity. The plasma TAS concentration was higher in sportsmen regardless of the type of effort as compared to the control group. Supplementation of micromolecular antioxidants present in nutrients ingested by the sportsmen might have influenced the study outcomes.

[Activity of superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) in erythrocytes of patients after hips alloplasty]. / Aktywnosc dysmutazy ponadtlenkowej (CuZn-SOD) w krwinkach czerwonych chorych po alloplastyce stawu biodrowego.

UNLABELLED: Hip osteoarthritis leads, among others, to abnormally decreased physical activity (hypokinesia). Adverse effect of physical inactivity can cause inhibition of anabolic processes in favour of enhancement of protein, carbohydrate, and lipid catabolitic reactions, as well as inadequate metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids. These alterations can induce an increased lipid peroxide synthesis, overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and acceleration of lipid peroxidation processes. The aim of the study was to determine superoxide dismutase activity (CuZn-SOD) in red blood cells of patients suffering from hip osteoarthritis prior to and following total alloplasty as compared to healthy subjects, and also to evaluate effect of hypokinesia on oxidative stress. MATERIAL AND METHODS; CuZn-SOD activity in red blood cells was determined according to the Misra and Fridovich method in 36 patients with hip osteoarthritis hospitalized at the Traumatic-Orthopaedic Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration Hospital in Lódz. RESULTS: In patients with decreased physical activity in ten days after alloplasty, enzyme activity increased (+24.9%), one month since the operation it decreased, but it higher as compared to result activity of CuZn-SOD prior to surgery (+16.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The results activity of superoxide dysmutase leads to ROS generation and their overgeneration in hip osteoarthritis and in first time of treatment.