RESUMEN
Fourty five polyphenols were identified in the hydroethanol extract of Achillea ligustica All. by LC-HRMS/MS with caffeoyl-6-oleside (5.74%), eucommin A (4.03%), quercetin-3-O-ß-D-glucoside (3.13%) and cirsimaritin (2.95%) as the major compounds. A good antioxidant potential was shown in DPPH, ABTS and phenanthroline tests and the highest antioxidant activity (A0.5:36.23 ± 3.07 µg/mL), which was close to the standard α-tocopherol, was shown in Reducing power. The extract inhibited the growth of all tested microorganisms with MICs ranging between 10 and 190 µg/mL. In the acute toxicity test, no death was observed at doses of 100, 750 and 1500 mg/Kg with DL50 higher than 2000 mg/Kg. In analgesic in vivo assay, the extract showed a very important capacity to reduce pain, whether central or peripheral, with a certain dose-dependent relationship. For the three tests (tail flick, hot plate and acetic acid assay), the effective dose was 750 mg/kg.
RESUMEN
Medicinal plant extracts are a promising source of bioactive minor contents. The present study aimed to evaluate the distinguished volatile content of Algerian Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf before and after the microfluidization process and their related antimicrobial and anti-mycotoxigenic impacts and changes. The GC-MS apparatus was utilized for a comparative examination of Algerian lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) with its microfluidization nanoemulsion (MF-LGEO) volatile content. The MF-LGEO was characterized using Zetasizer and an electron microscope. Cytotoxicity, antibacterial, and antifungal activities were determined for the LGEO and MF-LGEO. The result reflected changes in the content of volatiles for the MF-LGEO. The microfluidizing process enhanced the presence of compounds known for their exceptional antifungal and antibacterial properties in MF-LGEO, namely, neral, geranial, and carvacrol. However, certain terpenes, such as camphor and citronellal, were absent, while decanal, not found in the raw LGEO, was detected. The droplet diameter was 20.76 ± 0.36 nm, and the polydispersity index (PDI) was 0.179 ± 0.03. In cytotoxicity studies, LGEO showed higher activity against the HepG2 cell line than MF-LGEO. Antibacterial LGEO activity against Gram-positive bacteria recorded an inhibitory zone from 41.82 ± 2.84 mm to 58.74 ± 2.64 mm, while the zone ranged from 12.71 ± 1.38 mm to 16.54 ± 1.42 mm for Gram-negative bacteria. Antibacterial activity was enhanced to be up to 71.43 ± 2.54 nm and 31.54 ± 1.01 nm for MF-LGEO impact against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. The antifungal effect was considerable, particularly against Fusarium fungi. It reached 17.56 ± 1.01 mm and 13.04 ± 1.37 mm for LGEO and MF-LGEO application of a well-diffusion assay, respectively. The MF-LGEO was more promising in reducing mycotoxin production in simulated fungal growth media due to the changes linked to essential compounds content. The reduction ratio was 54.3% and 74.57% for total aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OCA) contents, respectively. These results reflect the microfluidizing improvement impact regarding the LGEO antibacterial, antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic properties.
