Modeling Mammary Organogenesis from Biological First Principles: A Systems Biology Approach.

Stromal-epithelial interactions mediate mammary gland development and the formation and progression of breast cancer. To study these interactions in vitro, 3D models are essential. We have successfully developed novel 3D in vitro models that allow the formation of mammary gland structures closely resembling those found in vivo and that respond to the hormonal cues that regulate mammary gland morphogenesis and function. Due to their simplicity when compared to in vivo studies, and to their accessibility to visualization in real time, these models are well suited to conceptual and mathematical modeling.