[Imaging appearance of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: a study of 22 cases]. / Imagerie de l'encéphalomyélite aiguë disséminée: étude de 22 cas.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare cause of encephalitis in adults, characterized by inflammatory lesions in the white substance of the central nervous system (CNS). Initial clinical presentation may mimic severe CNS infection with fever, encephalopathy, seizures, or multiple sclerosis. The purpose of our study was to report the epidemiological, clinical, radiological, therapeutic and evolutionary features of ADEM and to determine the role of MRI sequences in the diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of this disease. We conducted a retrospective study of the clinical and radiological records of 22 patients with ADEM followed up in the Department of Neurology over a period of 11 years (January 2006- January 2017). These patients underwent medical imaging at the Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, de Rabat. The average age of patients was 35 years (12-57 years). A recent infection was found in 31% of patients, while 4% of patients had recently undergone vaccination. Symptoms were dominated by focal neurologic deficit (72%). CT scan was normal in 78%. MRI showed hyperintense subtentorial and supratentorial white substance on FLAIR sequences in 70% of patients, without diffusion restriction in all cases, with enhancement of the lesions in 27% of cases and involvement of the cervical spinal cord in 68% of cases. Clinical and radiological outcome was favorable in all cases.

[Hydatid cyst of the kidney based on a series of 34 cases]. / Le kyste hydatique du rein. Traitement à propos de 34 cas.

AIM: Hydatid disease is endemic in some countries, where it constitutes a real public health problem. It can affect any, but the kidney is a relatively rare site, representing 2% to 4% of all visceral sites. Renal hydatid cyst only presents at the stage of complications. Laboratory tests may suggest the diagnosis, which is confirmed by radiology. Renal hydatid cyst raises therapeutic problems making conservative surgery difficult. The objective of this paper is the find the best adapted treatment. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 34 consecutive cases of renal hydatid cyst (1980-2001) were observed in 23 men and 11 women with a mean age of 42 years (range: 15-73 years). The clinical features were dominated by pain (63%), a mass (26%), hydaturia (11.4%), haematuria (31.4%), prolonged fever (23%) and hypertension (3%). Intravenous urography performed in all patients showed calcifications in 5 cases, a mass syndrome in 11 cases and silent kidney in 2 cases. Abdominal CT, performed in 8 patients, was necessary whenever the diagnosis remained uncertain, particularly in the case of pseudoneoplastic cysts. However, ultrasonography, performed in 30 patients, remains the preferred diagnostic examination. RESULTS: Treatment consisted of resection of the prominent dome in 23 cases, pericystectomy in 5 cases, 1 partial nephrectomy and 6 total nephrectomies. An associated procedure was performed during the same operation (hepatic, peritoneal hydatid cyst) in 3 cases, and was deferred (pulmonary hydatid cyst) in 1 case. The postoperative course was marked by urinary fistula in 2 cases and suppuration of the residual cavity in 1 case, treated by ultrasound-guided aspiration-drainage. CONCLUSION: The resection of the prominent dome is the most adapted treatment whenever possible.

[Focal bacterial nephritis: diagnosis and treatment]. / Néphrite bactérienne focale. Difficultés diagnostiques.

Focal bacterial nephritis or lobar nephronia represents an acute localized non-liquefactive infection of the kidney caused by bacterial infection. This is an uncommon form of pyelonephritis that can affect both adults and children. Imaging techniques, particularly CT scan, are necessary for diagnosis and to distinguish it from other conditions (abscess or renal masses) that require a different treatment. The authors describe a case of acute lobar nephronia in a 24-year-old man.

[Retro-iliac ureter associated with ipsilateral megaureter]. / Uretère rétro-iliaque associé à un mégauretère ipsilatéral.

Retro-iliac ureter is a rare congenital abnormality. The authors report a case of retro-iliac ureter associated with ipsilateral megaureter in a 38-year-old patient treated by section of the ureter at the ureterovesical junction, and dissection as far as the iliac pedicle and anterior repositioning of this pedicle, followed by ureterovesical reimplantation. Based on a review of the literature, this appears to be the first published case of this pathological association.