Association between GPX1 Pro189Leu polymorphism and the occurrence of bladder cancer in Morocco.

Worldwide, Bladder cancer is the most frequent male malignancy. It is the third most common male malignancy in Morocco. The risk factors for developing bladder cancer are multiples including dietary conditions, environmental exposure and oxidative stress. GPX1 gene encoding for the human cellular antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase1 is a key factor in the cell detoxification process. GPX1 Pro198Leu polymorphism is associated with a decrease of enzyme activity and may contribute to bladder cancer susceptibility. The present case-control study was planned to assess the presence of GPX1 Pro198Leu polymorphism in Moroccan population to determine whether it is associated with the risk of developing bladder cancer in Moroccan patients. A total of 32 patients with bladder cancer and 40 healthy controls were enrolled. Genotyping of the GPX1 Pro198Leu polymorphism was carried out by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing. Pro198Leu polymorphism was observed in both bladder cancer patients and healthy controls. No significant association between the polymorphism and bladder cancer occurrence was found (Pro/Leu vs. Pro/Pro: p=0.425; Leu vs. Pro: p=0.435). For the analysis of Pro198Leu polymorphism and progression of bladder cancer, no association was observed neither for stages (Pro/Leu vs. Pro/Pro: p=0.500; Leu vs. Pro: p=0.500) nor grades (Pro/Leu vs. Pro/Pro: p=0.415; Leu vs. Pro: p=0.427). Our results clearly showed no significant association between Pro198Leu polymorphism and risk of bladder cancer in our population, suggesting that the effect of this polymorphism on bladder cancer development might be a result of a combination with other genetic alterations and/or non-genetic variables such as diet and lifestyle factors.

Acute cholecystitis as a rare presentation of metastatic breast carcinoma of the gallbladder: A case report and review of the literature.

Breast cancer is usually associated with metastases to lungs, bones and liver. Breast carcinoma metastasizing to the gallbladder is very rare. We report the case of 45-year-old female with clinical presentation of acute Cholecystitis, who underwent cholecystectomy in emergency. The Gallbladder showed a nodule on the Gallbladder wall. Histological examination disclosed a metastasis from a lobular breast carcinoma with positive hormone receptors. The patient had received three months previously a right mastectomy with axillar dissection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapyfor lobular breast cancer stage III, PT3N1M0, showing hormone receptors. We present a rare case of acute cholecystitis from metastatic breast cancer three months after management of primary cancer.

[Sarcoïdose in patient with chronic hepatitis C treated with pegylated interferon]. / Sarcoïdose chez un patient traité par interféron pégylé pour une hépatite chronique C.

Induced sarcoïdosis during therapy with interferon for chronic viral hepatitis C involves mainly by isolated cutaneous lesions or with lung lesions. Systemic forms are very rare. We report an observation. A 50-year-old patient developed a systemic sarcoïdosis two months after the end of treatment for hepatitis C with pegylated interferon and ribavirin with lung, joint and hepatic manifestations. After starting corticosteroid therapy, the evolution was favourable. Induced sarcoïdosis by interferon therapy is rare, treatment necessitates stopping interferon, and sometimes corticosteroid therapy.

[Primary synovial sarcoma of the parotid gland]. / Synovialosarcome primitif de la glande parotide.

INTRODUCTION: Synovial sarcoma is a malignant soft tissue neoplasm which occurs most of the time in teenagers and young adults. Facial, and especially parotid gland localization, is very uncommon. CASE REPORT: A 15-year-old male patient, with no prior history, was hospitalized for swelling in the left parotid area noted 5 months before. The mass was painful and there was no facial paralysis. A CT scan revealed a tumoral process of mixed density in the left parotid gland. The thorax and abdominal CT scan was normal. The patient was initially treated by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. He died, 8 months after this multimodal therapy. DISCUSSION: Five percent of salivary gland primitive tumors are of mesenchymatous origin, 0.3 to 1.5% of which are sarcomas. The diagnosis of parotid gland synovial sarcoma is confirmed by immune-histochemistry and cytogenetic tests. Surgery combined to radiotherapy seems to be the best treatment.

[Metrorrhagia disclosing a synchronous bilateral breast cancer: report of a case]. / Métrorragie révélatrice d'un cancer du sein bilatéral synchrone: à propos d'un cas.

Genital metastases are very rarely indicative of breast cancer; they are exceptionally located at the cervix. These atypical locations are more common when it comes to a metastatic breast cancer or a histological infiltrating lobular type. The simultaneous association of a lobular and a ductal infiltrating cancer under a synchronous bilateral breast cancer still remains a rare entity. In this work, we report the observation of a woman aged 48 who has a synchronous bilateral breast cancer, of different histological types, and who reported at first a genital bleeding which is caused by a metastasis in the cervix of the uterus.

Sensitive determination of paraquat by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry with chitin modified carbon paste electrode.

A novel analytical approach has been developed and evaluated for the quantitative analysis of paraquat herbicides which can be found at trace levels in olive oil and olives. The aim of this work is to optimize all factors that can influence this determination by a carbon paste electrode modified with chitin (Chit-CPE). The best responses were obtained with square wave potential in diluted Na2SO4 as supporting electrolyte. The influence of various parameters on the Chit-CPE was investigated. Under the optimized working conditions, calibration graphs were linear in the concentration ranges of 5.0 × 10(-9)-1.0 × 0(-5) mol L(-1). For 180 s preconcentration, detection limits of 2.67 × 10(-10) mol L(-1) (peak 2) was obtained at the signal noise ratio (SNR) of 3. To evaluate the reproducibility of the newly developed electrode, the measurements of 1.0 × 10(-5) mol L(-1) PQ were carried out for seven times at Chit-CPE and the relative standard deviation was 5.2%. The analytical methodology was successfully applied to monitor the paraquat content in olives and olive oil.

[A new clinical entity: ascending solar iris degeneration. Report of 284 cases]. / Une nouvelle entité clinique : la dégénérescence irienne solaire ascendante. À propos de 284 cas.

The observation in a certain number of subjects of an atypical iris depigmentation led us to study this phenomenon. Therefore, the authors engaged in a prospective study of 398 subjects (100 cases in the city of Marrakesh, and 298 in the city of Dakhla). The geography, clinical signs and environmental factors were studied. Depigmentation was observed in 55% of the population of Marrakesh and 77% of the population of Dakhla. It is bilateral, symmetric, very progressive, always begins in the inferior one-third of the iris, and always spares the superior iris covered by the eyelid. By the time the depigmentation reaches the middle one-third, the inferior one-third also begins to demonstrate stromal atrophy: (26 cases). Of the 45 subjects with normal iris pigmentation, 31 cases spend more than 8 hours per day in the shade, and 26 cases constantly use some means of solar protection (sunglasses, caps, "Taraza", "Feroual"). Thus, this acquired iris depigmentation of an ascending nature, accompanied by an advanced stage involving primarily inferior iris atrophy, appears to be closely associated with exposure to the sun. Ascending solar iris degeneration, if we may refer to it as such, is a clinical entity never before reported in the literature. Now that we are faced with this new condition, numerous questions arise, to which future research must respond. Are there other factors in addition to sun exposure, which may lead to the depigmentation? Does this condition lead to further ocular pathology (due to the depigmentation and stromal atrophy)? Must solar protection be prescribed systematically for anyone at risk?

Thrombotic microangiopathy with skin localization secondary to cytarabine-daunorubicin association: report of a case.

The thrombotic microangiopathy is a syndrome characterized by the combination of mechanical hemolytic anemia, peripheral thrombocytopenia, and organ failure of variable severity. In addition to the idiopathic form, several cases are identified as secondary to pregnancy, infections, disease systems, organ transplants, and cancer. Other forms are secondary to drugs including antimitotics. We report the case of a patient followed for acute myelogenous leukemia. She received induction chemotherapy combining daunorubicin and cytarabine, complicated by thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Epigenetic alterations of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), retinoic acid receptor beta (RARß) and survivin genes in tumor tissues and voided urine of bladder cancer patients.

The CpG promoter methylation has been reported to occur frequently in bladder cancer. Moreover, analysis of gene methylation has been shown to be feasible from voided urine and can be detected with a high degree of sensitivity. The aim of this present study is to determine how methylation patterns of APC, RARβ and Survivin genes change during bladder carcinogenesis and to evaluate whether DNA methylation could be detected in urine sediment. Using the sensitive assay of MSP, we explored the promoter methylation status for the three genes in tumor specimens and urine sediment DNA from 32 bladder cancer patients. Methylation frequencies of the tested genes in tumor specimens were 100%, 75% and 84.4% for APC, RARβ and Survivin, respectively. Hypermethylation of APC was found in all pathological grades and stages of bladder cancer. More frequent promoter hypermethylation of RARβ and Survivin was observed in high grade tumors and the hypermethylation increased from low to high stages, but there was no significant correlation between stages/grades and hypermethylation of these two gene promoters. In order to investigate clinical usefulness for noninvasive bladder cancer detection, we further analyzed the methylation status in urine samples of bladder cancer patients. Methylation of the tested genes in urine sediment DNA was detected in the majority of cases that were hypermethylated in tumor samples (93.7%) and the frequencies were 79.3% 70.8% and 96.3% for APC, RARβ and Survivin, respectively. Our results indicate that methylation of APC, RARβ and Survivin gene promoters is a common finding in patients with bladder carcinoma. The ability to detect methylation not only in bladder tissue, but also in urine sediments, suggests that methylation markers are promising tools for noninvasive detection of bladder cancer.

Evaluación de la sobreexpresión de proteína HER2 en cáncer vesical no músculo invasivo con énfasis en el grado tumoral y en la recurrencia / Evaluation of HER2 protein overexpression in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer with emphasis on tumour grade and recurrence

Objetivo: evaluar el valor pronóstico de la expresión de la HER2 en carcinoma vesical de células transicionales (CCT) no músculo invasivo, poniendo especial énfasis en la población con alto grado. Materiales y métodos (pacientes): se realizaron micromatrices de tejidos (TMA) con especímenes TUR-B representativos de 84 pacientes con CCT vesical no músculo invasivo (40 pT1GII y44 pT1GIII) a los que se trataba en nuestra institución. El mismo patólogo que había llevado a cabo la prueba ciega de análisis inmunohistoquímico con Hercep realizó el proceso de asignación de profundidades de invasión y grados de manera uniforme: se consideró el valor 3+ como signo altamente positivo de sobreexpresión de la HER2. También se evaluaron otras variables clínico-patológicas. Resultados: se detectó sobreexpresión de proteína HER2 en 30/ 44 (68,2%) lesiones pT1GIII, prediciendo recaídas en este subgrupo de CCT vesical (p < 0,01). Se detectó expresión negativa de la HER2 en 26/ 40 (65%) casos con CCT pT1GII, dándose esta situación con mayor frecuencia en tumores unifocales y sin angiogénesis, con baja tasa de recaída y sin evolución. La supervivencia libre de recidiva puede también preverse mediante la expresión de la HER 2 en los tumorespT1GII (p < 0,01). Conclusión: la expresión de la HER2 mediante test Hercep puede ser de utilidad en la predicción de recaídas en CCT vesical no músculo invasivo. El potencial de aplicación de este estudio, sobre todo en lo que se refiere a la predicción de la respuesta a BCG, debe confirmarse de forma prospectiva en ensayos multicéntricos (AU)

Objective: to evaluate the prognostic value of HER2 expression in non-muscle invasive bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) with special emphasis in the high grade population. Materials and methods (patients): Tissue microarrays (TMA) were performed with representative TUR-B specimens from 84 patients with non-muscle invasive bladder TCC (40 pT1GII and 44 pT1GIII) treated in our institution. Depth of invasion and grade were uniformly assigned by the same pathologist who performed blind immunohistochemical analysis with Hercep test: 3+was considered strong positive HER2 over expression. Other clinico-pathological variables were also assessed. Results: HER2 protein over expression was detected in 30/44 (68.2%) pT1GIII lesions and predicted recurrence in this subgroup of bladder TCC (p < 0.01). Negative HER2 expression was detected in 26/40 (65%) cases with pT1GII TCC, and this condition was more frequent in unifocal tumours, without angiogenesis, with low recurrence rate and without progression. Recurrence-free survival can also be anticipated by HER 2 expression within pT1GII tumours (p < 0.01). Conclusion: HER2 expression using Hercep test may be useful to predict recurrence in non-muscle invasive bladder TCC. The potential application of this study, especially regarding prediction of response to BCG, should be prospectively confirmed in multi-institutional trials (AU)

[Evaluation of HER2 protein overexpression in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer with emphasis on tumour grade and recurrence]. / Evaluación de la sobreexpresión de proteína HER2 en cáncer vesical no músculo invasivo con énfasis en el grado tumoral y en la recurrencia.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic value of HER2 expression in non-muscle invasive bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) with special emphasis in the high grade population. MATERIALS AND METHODS (PATIENTS): Tissue microarrays (TMA) were performed with representative TUR-B specimens from 84 patients with non-muscle invasive bladder TCC (40 pT1GII and 44 pT1GIII) treated in our institution. Depth of invasion and grade were uniformly assigned by the same pathologist who performed blind immunohistochemical analysis with Hercep test: 3+ was considered strong positive HER2 overexpression. Other clinico-pathological variables were also assessed. RESULTS: HER2 protein overexpression was detected in 30/44 (68.2%) pT1GIII lesions and predicted recurrence in this subgroup of bladder TCC (p<0.01). Negative HER2 expression was detected in 26/40 (65%) cases with pT1GII TCC, and this condition was more frequent in unifocal tumours, without angiogenesis, with low recurrence rate and without progression. Recurrence-free survival can also be anticipated by HER 2 expression within pT1GII tumours (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: HER2 expression using Hercep test may be useful to predict recurrence in non-muscle invasive bladder TCC. The potential application of this study, especially regarding prediction of response to BCG, should be prospectively confirmed in multi-institutional trials.

[Maxillary T/NK lymphoma. Case report]. / Lymphome T/NK maxillaire. À propos d'un cas.

INTRODUCTION: Primary nasal T/NK cell lymphoma is a very rare pathological clinical entity; it was defined by the WHO in 2001, thanks to immunohistochemistry. The treatment combines radiotherapy and chemotherapy. We report a case. CASE REPORT: A 20-year-old male patient was admitted for ulceration of the vestibular mucosa from tooth 20 to 26, in June 2008. The lesion had appeared four months before, with a painful ulceration close to tooth 25. The lesion evolved progressively, it eroded the alveolar bone, exposing the roots of teeth 24, 25, and 26. CT scan revealed lysis of the external maxillary sinus wall. The diagnosis of T/NK cell lymphoma was obtained by immunohistochemistry of the biopsy. The tumor was staged IeA according to the Ann Arbor classification. After four courses of CHOP chemotherapy and two years of follow-up there was no recurrence. DISCUSSION: Maxillary T/NK cell lymphoma is extremely rare. The diagnosis is based on immunohistochemistry. The treatment associates chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recent studies suggest that radiotherapy at an early stage could improve the prognosis. But there is no consensus on therapeutic protocols.

Sorption behavior of cesium on Ain Oussera soil under different physicochemical conditions.

In the present study, the sorption behavior of cesium was investigated in Ain Oussera soil around the Es-Salam reactor facility. This study was conducted using batch method under different physicochemical conditions including contact time, ionic strength, pH, solid/liquid ratio and temperature. The results showed that sorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics with a good regression coefficients (R(2)=0.999). The activation energies were 11.26 and 15.21 kJ mol(-1) which correspond to ion-exchange-type sorption mechanism. The adsorption was favored at low temperature and it was exothermic (ΔH(0)<0, with average value of -1.97 kJ mol(-1)) and spontaneous (ΔG(0)<0, with average value of -11.97 kJ mol(-1) at 23°C and -13.2 kJ mol(-1) at 60°C). The presence of competing cations such as K(+) and Ca(2+) ions in groundwater can significantly reduce the Cs adsorption onto soil. Desorption reaction was also investigated using three reagents with different ionic strengths (deionized water, groundwater and 0.1M KCl solution). The results showed that Cs ions were preferentially distributed onto high affinity sorption sites.

[Primary leiomyosarcoma of the pancreas]. / Léiomyosarcome primitif du pancréas.

Primary leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of the pancreas is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm (0.1% of pancreatic tumors) with only 35 cases reported in the world literature. We describe a 36th case. This tumor affects adults in the fifth decade of life, especially men. Its diagnosis is difficult and is based on immunohistochemical analyses that reveal smooth muscle cell markers. We report the case of a patient with primary LMS in the head of the pancreas. He underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy for both diagnosis and treatment after imaging was unable to provide a precise diagnosis. The discussion covers the clinical, diagnostic, immunohistochemical, and therapeutic characteristics of this neoplasm.