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OBJECTIVE: To (a) compare characteristics of patients who fall with those of patients who did not fall; and (b) characterise falls (time, injury severity and location) through three fall reporting methods (incident system reports, medical notes and clinician reports). METHODS: A substudy design within a stepped-wedge clinical trial was used: 3239 trial participants were recruited from two inpatient Geriatric Evaluation and Management Units and one general medicine ward in two Australian states. To compare the characteristics of patients who had fallen with those who had not, descriptive tests were used. To characterise falls through three reporting methods, bivariate logistic regressions were used. RESULTS: Patients who had fallen were more likely than patients who had not fallen to be cognitively impaired (51% vs. 29%, p < 0.01), admitted with falls (38% vs. 28%, p = 0.01) and have poor health outcomes such as prolonged length of stay (24 [16-34] vs. 12 [8-19] days [IQR], p < 0.01) and less likely to be discharged directly to the community (62% vs. 47%, p < 0.01). Most falls were captured from medical notes (93%), with clinician (71%) and incident reports (68%) missing 21%-25% of falls. The proportion of injurious falls identified through incident reports was higher than medical records or clinician reports (40% vs. 34% vs. 37%). CONCLUSIONS: This study reaffirms the need to improve reporting falls in incident systems and at clinical handover to the team leader. Research should continue to use more than one method of identifying falls, but include data from medical records. Many falls cause injury, resulting in poor health outcomes.
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Hospitalización , Hospitales , Anciano , Humanos , Australia , Gestión de RiesgosRESUMEN
AIMS: To develop an evidence-based, valid and reliable assessment tool that educational establishments and dental practitioners may use to assess the complexity of root canal treatment (RCT) utilizing digital advancements. The study also aimed to provide a more objective definition of the term 'uncomplicated' root canal treatment as described by the Association for Dental Education in Europe (ADEE) and the European Society of Endodontology (ESE) undergraduate curriculum guidelines for Endodontology. METHODOLOGY: The development process involved a narrative review of the literature to identify the complexity factors associated with root canal treatment on permanent teeth; an iterative development and analysis process to assess the weighting of these factors; and the programming of digital software to enhance the efficiency and user interface of the assessment form. Validation of the tool was sought with a panel of 35 specialist endodontists to assess clinical scenarios and assess the consensus inter-examiner agreement with the outcomes provided by the E-CAT. The inter-user and intra-user reliability studies were conducted with 15 dentists to evaluate the same clinical cases and by repeating the experiment 9 months later. The ease of use of the form was also assessed. RESULTS: The E-CAT was successfully developed with a total of 19 complexity criteria and hosted on a secure server under the domain of www.e-cat.uk. The tool provides a smart interactive filtering mechanism and automatic background calculation of the risk scores. Three levels of complexity were defined: class I (uncomplicated), class II (moderately complicated) and class III (highly complicated). The consensus of the panel of endodontists had excellent agreement with the outcome of the E-CAT. The inter-user and intra-user reliability was found to be 0.80 and 0.90, respectively. The average time to assess a case was 1:36 min. CONCLUSION: The E-CAT gave promising results providing an efficient and reliable platform to assess the complexity of cases undergoing root canal treatments. The study design allowed the formulation of a more objective definition to describe 'uncomplicated' root canal treatment as referred to by the ESE and ADEE guidelines. This study is advantageous for educational, public health and referral pathways.
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Cavidad Pulpar , Endodoncia , Curriculum , Europa (Continente) , Tratamiento del Conducto RadicularRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Little is known about how a prior knee injury affects the clinical profile of individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) although this is potentially important to personalize care. OBJECTIVES: To compare individual and clinical characteristics of individuals with KOA with and without a self-reported prior knee injury. DESIGN: Secondary data analysis of baseline data from the Good Life with osteoArthritis in Denmark (GLA:D®) registry. METHODS: Individuals with symptomatic KOA, self-reporting a prior knee injury requiring a doctor's assessment, were compared to individuals without prior knee injury on a range of individual and clinical characteristics using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: The analysis included 10,973 individuals with KOA of which 54% self-reported a prior knee injury. The average age was 64 years and 73% were female. We found that being male (Odds Ratio (OR): 0.99), having longer symptom duration of knee pain (OR: 1.07), having more painful body sites (OR: 1.03), being able to do more chair rises (OR: 1.02) and being more physically active in a week (2-4 days; OR:1.33) (>4 days; OR: 1.24) were associated with self-reporting a prior knee injury whereas being older (OR: 0.99), having higher BMI (OR: 0.99) and higher quality of life (OR: 0.98) were not associated with reporting a prior knee injury. CONCLUSION: The overall pattern of our findings rather than specific characteristics indicates that individuals with KOA and a history of a self-reported knee injury have a somewhat different clinical profile than their non-injured peers.
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Traumatismos de la Rodilla/epidemiología , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/fisiopatología , Factores de Edad , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios Transversales , Ejercicio Físico , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/epidemiología , Rendimiento Físico Funcional , Calidad de Vida , Autoinforme , Factores Sexuales , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Axillary hyperhidrosis is a common complaint affecting 5% of the general population. It can significantly impact quality of life (QOL) and may be extremely debilitating. Administration of intra-dermal botulinum toxin type-A (Botox) has been proven to be effective in managing axillary hyperhidrosis; however, to date, no long-term data has assessed its efficacy. AIM: We aim to assess long-term (> 5 years) QOL outcomes in this patient cohort. METHODS: In this single-centre series, all patients attending for axillary botox, with five or more years of follow-up, were prospectively included. QOL was assessed in all patients using the validated assessment tool, the modified Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Standard statistical methods were utilised with data reported as mean (± standard deviation). Subgroup analysis utilising previously published departmental data allowed for further assessment of change in QOL over time. RESULTS: A total of 75 patients (83% female) met the inclusion criteria with 67% completing the DLQI assessment. Follow-up ranged from 5 to 10 years with a mean age of 37.6 years (± 8.82). The mean number of treatments over the study period was 12 (± 3.1). Mean overall post-treatment DLQI score was 1.6 (± 2.01). This represented a significant improvement in patient QOL (p = < 0.0001) associated with long-term botox application. This statistical significance was identified consistently across all components of the DLQI tool. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the established early QOL benefits associated with intra-dermal botox administration for AH are sustained in the long term. This benefit was seen across all subsets of the DLQI tool.
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Axila/anomalías , Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/uso terapéutico , Hiperhidrosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Inyecciones Intradérmicas , Masculino , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Ca2+ regulatory excitation-contraction coupling properties are key topics of interest in the development of work-related muscle myalgia and may constitute an underlying cause of muscle pain and loss of force generating capacity. METHOD: A well-established rat model of high repetition high force (HRHF) work was used to investigate if such exposure leads to an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and changes in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicle Ca2+ uptake and release rates. RESULT: Six weeks exposure of rats to HRHF increased indicators of fatigue, pain behaviors, and [Ca2+]i, the latter implied by around 50-100% increases in pCam, as well as in the Ca2+ handling proteins RyR1 and Casq1 accompanied by an â¼10% increased SR Ca2+ uptake rate in extensor and flexor muscles compared to those of control rats. This demonstrated a work-related altered myocellular Ca2+ regulation, SR Ca2+ handling, and SR protein expression. DISCUSSION: These disturbances may mirror intracellular changes in early stages of human work-related myalgic muscle. Increased uptake of Ca2+ into the SR may reflect an early adaptation to avoid a sustained detrimental increase in [Ca2+]i similar to the previous findings of deteriorated Ca2+ regulation and impaired function in fatigued human muscle.
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Calcio/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Enfermedades Musculares/metabolismo , Animales , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/metabolismo , Citosol/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Acoplamiento Excitación-Contracción/fisiología , Femenino , Proteínas Mitocondriales/metabolismo , Contracción Muscular/fisiología , Mialgia/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Canal Liberador de Calcio Receptor de Rianodina/metabolismo , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/metabolismo , ATPasas Transportadoras de Calcio del Retículo Sarcoplásmico/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) are mainly diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) of the non-germinal centre B-cell subtype, with unmet medical needs. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of ibrutinib in DLBCL-PCNSL PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective, multicentre, phase II study involved patients with relapse or refractory(R/R) DLBCL-PCNSL or primary vitreoretinal lymphoma. The treatment consisted of ibrutinib (560 mg/day) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. The primary outcome was the disease control (DC) rate after two months of treatment (P0 < 10%; P1 > 30%). RESULTS: Fifty-two patients were recruited. Forty-four patients were evaluable for response. After 2 months of treatment, the DC was 70% in evaluable patients and 62% in the intent-to-treat analysis, including 10 complete responses (19%), 17 partial responses (33%) and 5 stable diseases (10%). With a median follow-up of 25.7 months (range, 0.7-30.5), the median progression-free and overall survivals were 4.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI]; 2.8-12.7) and 19.2 months (95% CI; 7.2-NR), respectively. Thirteen patients received ibrutinib for more than 12 months. Two patients experienced pulmonary aspergillosis with a favourable (n = 1) or fatal outcome (n = 1). Ibrutinib was detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The clinical response to ibrutinib seemed independent of the gene mutations in the BCR pathway. CONCLUSION: Ibrutinib showed clinical activity in the brain, the CSF and the intraocular compartment and was tolerated in R/R PCNSL. The addition of ibrutinib to standard methotrexate-base induction chemotherapy will be further evaluated in the first-line treatment. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: NCT02542514.
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Neoplasias del Sistema Nervioso Central/tratamiento farmacológico , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Linfoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/tratamiento farmacológico , Pirazoles/uso terapéutico , Pirimidinas/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Retina/tratamiento farmacológico , Terapia Recuperativa , Adenina/análogos & derivados , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Neoplasias del Sistema Nervioso Central/patología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Linfoma/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Piperidinas , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Neoplasias de la Retina/patología , Tasa de SupervivenciaAsunto(s)
Aneurisma de la Aorta/cirugía , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular/instrumentación , Prótesis Vascular , Remoción de Dispositivos , Procedimientos Endovasculares/instrumentación , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/cirugía , Stents , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Aneurisma de la Aorta/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma de la Aorta/mortalidad , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular/efectos adversos , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular/mortalidad , Bases de Datos Factuales , Remoción de Dispositivos/efectos adversos , Remoción de Dispositivos/mortalidad , Procedimientos Endovasculares/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Endovasculares/mortalidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico por imagen , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/mortalidad , Reoperación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Insuficiencia del TratamientoRESUMEN
Patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma are likely incurable with standard treatment. Idelalisib, a delta-isoform specific Phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor has shown its efficacy in other hematopoietic B malignancies. We report the case of a 51-years old patient with relapsed and refractory Hodgkin's Lymphoma receiving idelalisib after several regimens of chemotherapy. He achieved a good partial response for several months, unfortunately, idelalisib had to be stopped because of the onset of a severe polyradiculoneuritis attributed to this treatment. We assume here that the polyradiculoneuritis could be caused by T cell mediated autoimmunity to myelin proteins. To our knowledge, this adverse event has never been described so far with idelalisib.
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Enfermedad de Hodgkin/tratamiento farmacológico , Polirradiculopatía/inducido químicamente , Purinas/efectos adversos , Quinazolinonas/efectos adversos , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Polirradiculopatía/diagnóstico , Purinas/uso terapéutico , Quinazolinonas/uso terapéutico , RecurrenciaRESUMEN
Ibrutinib is an orally administered first-in-class irreversible Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) covalent inhibitor for the treatment of patients with B-cell malignancies. Several isolated clinical observations reported its efficacy in central nervous system dissemination. Herein, we described the development and validation of an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) procedure for the quantification of ibrutinib and its active metabolite PCI-45227 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This is the first complete validated method for quantification of ibrutinib and PCI-45227 in CSF. The compounds were eluted on a Waters BEH C18 column (50.0â¯×â¯2.1â¯mm; 1.7⯵m) using a gradient elution with a mobile phase composed of ammonium formate buffer 5â¯mM pHâ¯3.2 and acetonitrile +0.1% formic acid with a flow rate of 400⯵L·min-1. Two deuterated internal standards were used to obtain the most accurate quantification. The CSF samples were prepared by a simple and rapid dilution. The method was validated by testing the selectivity, response function, intra-day and inter-day precisions, trueness, limits of detection (LOD) and lower limits of quantification (LLOQ). The validation results proved that the methods were suitable to quantify ibrutinib and PCI-45227 in real biological CSF samples from 0.50 (ibrutinib) or 1.00 (PCI-45227) to 30.00â¯ng·mL-1. Furthermore, the developed method was adapted to allow the quantification of both compounds in plasma and the results were compared to those reported in literature. The plasmatic samples were treated by protein precipitation and the method was validated to quantify ibrutinib and PCI-45227 in real biological plasmatic samples from 5.00 to 491â¯ng·mL-1. Lastly, for both matrices, accuracy profiles were plotted from the trueness and precision results using a 20% α-risk (ßâ¯=â¯80%) and the tolerance intervals were comprised within the acceptance limits fixed at ±25% for the LLOQ and ±15% for the other concentrations. Finally, these methods were successfully applied to quantify ibrutinib and PCI-45227 in real human CSF and plasma samples.
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Adenina/análogos & derivados , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Pirazoles/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Pirimidinas/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Adenina/sangre , Adenina/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Adenina/química , Adenina/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Límite de Detección , Linfoma de Células B/tratamiento farmacológico , Piperidinas , Pirazoles/sangre , Pirazoles/química , Pirazoles/uso terapéutico , Pirimidinas/sangre , Pirimidinas/química , Pirimidinas/uso terapéutico , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of 12 weeks of low-load blood-flow restricted resistance (BFR) training on self-reported and objective physical function, and maximal muscle strength in patients with sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM). METHOD: Twenty-two patients with sIBM were randomized into a training group (BFR group) or a non-exercising control group, according to CONsolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines. The BFR group performed 12 weeks of BFR training twice per week. The primary outcome was the physical function domain of the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (pf-SF-36), which was used to measure self-reported physical function. All patients performed physical function tests (2-Minute Walk Test, Timed Up and Go, and 30-Second Chair Stand), completed the Inclusion Body Myositis Functional Rating Scale (IBMFRS), and were tested for isolated knee extensor muscle strength. RESULTS: No effects of the training intervention were observed for pf-SF-36 or the objective physical function tests. Leg muscle strength decreased in controls (-9.2%, p = 0.02), but was unaltered in the BFR group (+0.9%, p = 0.87), resulting in a between-group difference in the per-protocol analysis (p = 0.026). Between-group differences in baseline to follow-up changes emerged for IBMFRS, in favour of the BFR group (p = 0.018). CONCLUSION: Twelve weeks of BFR training did not improve self-reported or objective physical function in these sIBM patients. However, the training protocol had a preventive (retaining) effect on the disease-related decline in leg muscle strength, which may aid the long-term preservation of physical function and postpone the need for healthcare assistance.
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Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Miositis por Cuerpos de Inclusión/terapia , Entrenamiento de Fuerza/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Calidad de Vida , AutoinformeRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: During the first 4 months of age, approximately 20% of infants cry a lot without an apparent reason. Most research has targeted the crying, but the impact of the crying on parents, and subsequent outcomes, need to receive equal attention. This study reports the findings from a prospective evaluation of a package of materials designed to support the well-being and mental health of parents who judge their infant to be crying excessively. The resulting "Surviving Crying" package comprised a website, printed materials, and programme of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy-based support sessions delivered to parents by a qualified practitioner. It was designed to be suitable for United Kingdom (UK) National Health Service (NHS) use. METHODS: Parents were referred to the study by 12 NHS Health Visitor/Community Public Health Nurse teams in one UK East Midlands NHS Trust. Fifty-two of 57 parents of excessively crying babies received the support package and completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 anxiety questionnaire, as well as other measures, before receiving the support package and afterwards. RESULTS: Significant reductions in depression and anxiety were found, with numbers of parents meeting clinical criteria for depression or anxiety halving between baseline and outcome. These improvements were not explained by reductions in infant crying. Reductions also occurred in the number of parents reporting the crying to be a large or severe problem (from 28 to 3 parents) or feeling very or extremely frustrated by the crying (from 31 to 1 parent). Other findings included increases in parents' confidence, knowledge of infant crying, and improvements in parents' sleep. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the Surviving Crying package may be effective in supporting the well-being and mental health of parents of excessively crying babies. Further, large-scale controlled trials of the package in NHS settings are warranted.
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Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual , Llanto/psicología , Conducta del Lactante/psicología , Salud Mental , Padres/psicología , Sistemas de Apoyo Psicosocial , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/psicología , Adulto , Ansiedad , Llanto/fisiología , Femenino , Frustación , Humanos , Lactante , Conducta del Lactante/fisiología , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Relaciones Padres-Hijo , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Estudios Prospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Reino UnidoRESUMEN
Robust establishment of survival in multiple myeloma (MM) and its relationship to recurrent genetic aberrations is required as outcomes are variable despite apparent similar staging. We assayed copy number alterations (CNA) and translocations in 1036 patients from the NCRI Myeloma XI trial and linked these to overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival. Through a meta-anlysis of these data with data from MRC Myeloma IX trial, totalling 1905 newly diagnosed MM patients (NDMM), we confirm the association of t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), del(17p) and gain(1q21) with poor prognosis with hazard ratios (HRs) for OS of 1.60 (P=4.77 × 10-7), 1.74 (P=0.0005), 1.90 (P=0.0089), 2.10 (P=8.86 × 10-14) and 1.68 (P=2.18 × 10-14), respectively. Patients with 'double-hit' defined by co-occurrence of at least two adverse lesions have an especially poor prognosis with HRs for OS of 2.67 (P=8.13 × 10-27) for all patients and 3.19 (P=1.23 × 10-18) for intensively treated patients. Using comprehensive CNA and translocation profiling in Myeloma XI we also demonstrate a strong association between t(4;14) and BIRC2/BIRC3 deletion (P=8.7 × 10-15), including homozygous deletion. Finally, we define distinct sub-groups of hyperdiploid MM, with either gain(1q21) and CCND2 overexpression (P<0.0001) or gain(11q25) and CCND1 overexpression (P<0.0001). Profiling multiple genetic lesions can identify MM patients likely to relapse early allowing stratification of treatment.
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Mieloma Múltiple/diagnóstico , Mieloma Múltiple/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Deleción Cromosómica , Ensayos Clínicos Fase III como Asunto , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mieloma Múltiple/genética , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/genética , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Translocación Genética/genética , Trasplante Autólogo/métodosRESUMEN
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by recurrent IgH translocations and well described genomic heterogeneity. Although transcriptome profiles in multiple myeloma has been described, landscape of expressed fusion genes and their clinical impact remains unknown. To provide a comprehensive and detailed fusion gene cartography and suggest new mechanisms of tumorigenesis in multiple myeloma, we performed RNA sequencing in a cohort of 255 newly diagnosed and homogeneously treated multiple myeloma patients with long follow-up. Here, we report that patients have on average 5.5 expressed fusion genes. Kappa and lambda light chains and IgH genes are main partners in a third of all fusion genes. We also identify recurrent fusion genes that significantly impact both progression-free and overall survival and may act as drivers of the disease. Lastly, we find a correlation between the number of fusions, the age of patients and the clinical outcome, strongly suggesting that genomic instability drives prognosis of the disease.
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Fusión Génica , Mieloma Múltiple/genética , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Cadenas Pesadas de Inmunoglobulina/genética , Cadenas kappa de Inmunoglobulina/genética , Cadenas lambda de Inmunoglobulina/genética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis de Secuencia de ARN , Translocación GenéticaRESUMEN
The evolution of the impacts of anthropogenic activities in Todos os Santos Bay was evaluated by profiles of trace metals and Pb isotopes determined in sediment cores. Fluxes of metals increased up to 12, 4 and 2 times for Cu, Pb, and Zn, respectively, compared to those recorded in the beginning of the 20th century. Stable Pb isotopes identified a decommissioned lead smelter and burning of fossil fuels as the main sources of Pb. Most metals showed minor to moderate enrichment factors (EF<4), but Cu and Pb were highly enriched (EF=28 and 6, respectively) at the Aratu harbor. Temporal changes in sediments were associated to different activities, namely Pb smelting, burning of fossil fuels, maritime traffic, petroleum related activities, inputs of domestic effluents, and changes in land uses. The effects of the implementation of environmental policies to improve the waters of the bay could not be identified in the evaluated cores.
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Sedimentos Geológicos/análisis , Metales Pesados/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Bahías , Brasil , Monitoreo del Ambiente/historia , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Actividades Humanas , Humanos , Isótopos , Metales Pesados/historia , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/historiaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Adults with hematological malignancies are at high-risk of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), but no guidelines for CDI treatment are available in this population. Our primary objective was to evaluate the clinical outcomes in CDI patients with hematological malignancies. Our secondary objectives were to describe CDI severity using the main clinical guidelines and to evaluate the compliance of treatment choice with published guidelines. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Single-center, retrospective, observational case series including every consecutive adult patient with a confirmed diagnosis of CDI admitted in the hematology unit of our teaching hospital. Each CDI episode was classified as moderate, severe, or complicated according to the main clinical guidelines (IDSA 2010, AJG 2013, ESCMID 2014). RESULTS: Twenty-three episodes of CDI in 19 patients admitted to the hematology unit occurred between June 2012 and October 2013. Clinical cure was achieved for 20 episodes (87%). Ten weeks after diagnosis, global cure was reached for 14 episodes (61%) whereas recurrence occurred in two episodes (10%). The mortality rate reached 37% (7/19) but the attributable mortality rate was 5% (1/19). ESCMID criteria more frequently classified patients in the severe category compared with the two other classifications. Prescription compliance with clinical guidelines was observed in 61% of episodes with IDSA criteria, 43% with AJG, and 9% with ESCMID. CONCLUSIONS: IDSA and AJG assessment may underestimate the potential risk of unfavorable clinical outcome. Further prospective studies on a larger cohort are needed to develop adequate treatment guidelines for CDI in hematology settings.
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Clostridioides difficile/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones por Clostridium/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hematológicas/complicaciones , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Adulto , Infecciones por Clostridium/epidemiología , Infección Hospitalaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Manejo de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Unidades Hospitalarias , Hospitales de Enseñanza , Humanos , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Masculino , Cumplimiento de la Medicación , Metronidazol/uso terapéutico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vancomicina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate changes in maternity and neonatal unit policies towards extremely preterm infants (EPTIs) between 2003 and 2012, and concurrent trends in their mortality and morbidity in ten European regions. DESIGN: Population-based cohort studies in 2003 (MOSAIC study) and 2011/2012 (EPICE study) and questionnaires from hospitals. SETTING: 70 hospitals in ten European regions. POPULATION: Infants born at <27 weeks of gestational age (GA) in hospitals participating in both the MOSAIC and EPICE studies (1240 in 2003, 1293 in 2011/2012). METHODS: We used McNemar's Chi2 test, paired t-tests and conditional logistic regression for comparisons over time. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Reported policies, mortality and morbidity of EPTIs. RESULTS: The lowest GA at which maternity units reported performing a caesarean section for acute distress of a singleton non-malformed fetus decreased from an average of 24.7 to 24.1 weeks (P < 0.01) when parents were in favour of active management, and 26.1 to 25.2 weeks (P = 0.01) when parents were against. Units reported that neonatologists were called more often for spontaneous deliveries starting at 22 weeks GA in 2012 and more often made decisions about active resuscitation alone, rather than in multidisciplinary teams. In-hospital mortality after live birth for EPTIs decreased from 50% to 42% (P < 0.01). Units reporting more active management in 2012 than 2003 had higher mortality in 2003 (55% versus 43%; P < 0.01) and experienced larger declines (55 to 44%; P < 0.001) than units where policies stayed the same (43 to 37%; P = 0.1). CONCLUSIONS: European hospitals reporting changes in management policies experienced larger survival gains for EPTIs. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Changes in reported policies for management of extremely preterm births were related to mortality declines.
Asunto(s)
Unidades Hospitalarias/organización & administración , Mortalidad Infantil/tendencias , Recien Nacido Extremadamente Prematuro , Servicios de Salud Materno-Infantil/organización & administración , Nacimiento Prematuro/mortalidad , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Parto Obstétrico/normas , Europa (Continente) , Femenino , Mortalidad Hospitalaria/tendencias , Unidades Hospitalarias/normas , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Enfermedades del Prematuro/mortalidad , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Servicios de Salud Materno-Infantil/normas , Política Organizacional , EmbarazoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the potentially reduced life expectancy associated with spinal pain (i.e. low back and neck pain) in an ageing population, particularly after controlling for familial factors, including genetics. METHODS: We investigated whether spinal pain increased the rate of all-cause and disease-specific cardiovascular mortality in older Danish twins aged ≥70 years. Data from 4391 participants collected at baseline were linked with the Danish Cause of Death Registry with the study ending on 31 December 2014. Two crude and adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression analyses determined the rate of all-cause and disease-specific cardiovascular mortality by baseline spinal pain exposure; unpaired (total sample analysis) and twin pair (intra-pair analysis). Analyses were also adjusted for confounders; baseline physical functional ability and depressive symptoms. Competing risk regression models determined the rate of cardiovascular mortality, adjusting for similar confounders and using the total sample only. RESULTS: Spinal pain was associated with an increased rate of all-cause mortality, hazard ratio (HR): 1.13 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-1.21]. There was no association between spinal pain and cardiovascular disease mortality, sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR): 1.08 [95% CI 0.96-1.21]. After adjusting for confounders (physical functional ability and depressive symptoms), the association became non-significant. All intra-pair analyses were statistically non-significant, although greater in magnitude for monozygotic twins. CONCLUSIONS: Older people reporting spinal pain have 13% increased risk of mortality per years lived but the connection is not causal. We found no association between spinal pain and cardiovascular-specific mortality. The influence of shared familial factors is unlikely. SIGNIFICANCE: Older people reporting spinal pain have 13% increased risk of mortality per year lived. However, this association is not likely to be causal, with the relevant confounders contributing to this relationship. Thus, pain in the spine may be part of a pattern of poor health, which increases mortality risk in the older population.
Asunto(s)
Dolor de Espalda/mortalidad , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Dolor de Cuello/mortalidad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Envejecimiento , Dinamarca/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Sistema de Registros , Riesgo , Gemelos MonocigóticosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Despite being common early in life and affecting individuals' quality of life to the same degree as neck and low back pain, research into epidemiological aspects of mid-back pain (MBP) has been scarce. The purpose of our systematic review was therefore to describe the incidence and prognosis of MBP in the general population. The PRISMA Statement guided the study process. DATABASES: A systematic search was conducted in CINAHL, PEDro, PsycINFO and Scopus. RESULTS: Of 3194 unique records identified, seven were included in our qualitative synthesis. The 3-month and 2-year incidence proportions of MBP in children and adolescents were approximately 4% and 50%, respectively. In adults, the 1-month incidence proportion was less than 1%. The persistence or recurrence of MBP over a 1- to 4-year period was between 13% and 45% in children and adolescents; a change in spinal pain location over time was common. Individuals reporting MBP have an increased risk of future care seeking compared with people without musculoskeletal complaints. No studies assessing adult MBP recovery trajectories or prognostic factors were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge about the incidence and prognosis of MBP in the general population is limited. The incidence of MBP in children and adolescents seems to be similar to the incidence of neck and low back pain; in adults, it is lower than that of neck and low back pain. Studies investigating recovery trajectories of MBP in adults and prognostic factors for MBP are lacking. WHAT DOES THIS STUDY ADD?: The incidence of mid-back pain (MBP) in young individuals is similar to that of neck and low back pain, and ≤50% report persistent pain; however, the evidence base is limited. Knowledge about adult trajectories and prognostic factors for MBP is lacking.