Comportamentos promotores de saúde na perspectiva de mulheres idosas: subsídios para a enfermagem gerontogeriátrica

A pesquisa teve como objetivos: identificar os comportamentos promotores de saúde adotados por mulheres idosas; analisar os fatores facilitadores e os impeditivos que influenciam na adoção desses comportamentos promotores de saúde na perspectiva das mulheres idosas; discutir a configuração dos comportamentos promotores de saúde adotados pelas mulheres idosas a partir das concepções do Modelo de Promoção da Saúde de Nola J. Pender. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória cujos participantes foram vinte e duas (22) idosas que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão da pesquisa. O cenário de desenvolvimento do estudo foi o Instituto de Atenção à Saúde São Francisco de Assis (HESFA) onde, no Centro de Convivência, são desenvolvidas atividades com os idosos voltadas à promoção da saúde no Programa de Atenção Integral à Pessoa Idosa (PAIPI). Os dados foram coletados após a apreciação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery/HESFA, protocolo nº 814283. Foi aplicado um formulário para levantamento das características sociodemográficas e utilizada a entrevista individual semiestruturada. A análise dos dados foi realizada a partir dos temas emergidos do Diagrama de Nola J. Pender. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida respeitando-se as normas da Resolução n°466/12 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Resultados: a idade média foi de 76 anos, a maioria era de origem nordestina, viúvas, com o ensino fundamental completo, renda pessoal de 1 salário mínimo, muitas moravam sozinhas, participavam do PAIPI há mais de 4 anos e avaliaram o estado de saúde como regular. Como comportamentos promotores de saúde na perspectiva das participantes destacam-se a alimentação saudável, atividades físicas e manuais, o lazer e a busca por serviços de saúde...

The objectives of the research were: To identify the health promoting behaviors adoptedby elderly women; To analyze the facilitating and deterrent factors that influence theadoption of these health promoting behaviors on the elderly women’s perspective; Todiscuss the configuration of the health promoting behaviors adopted by elderly womenfrom the conceptions of the Health Promotion Model of Nola J. Pender. Method: Aqualitative, descriptive and exploratory research. The participants were twenty two (22)elderly women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the research. The scenario for thedevelopment of the study was the Instituto de Atenção à Saúde São Francisco de Assis(HESFA) where, at the Companionship Center, activities for the promotion of health aredeveloped for the elderly in the Elderly Person’s Integral Attention Program (PAIPI).The data was collected after appreciation at the Ethics Committee for Research at theEscola de Enfermagem Anna Nery / HESFA, protocol number 814283. A form wasapplied for the survey of the socio-demographic characteristics, and it was used in asemi-structured interview. The data analysis was done using the themes emerged fromthe Nola J. Pender’s diagram. The research was developed respecting the norms of theResolution Resolução n°466/12 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde (National HealthcareCouncil). Results: The average age was 76 years old; the majority was born in Brazil’sNortheast region, were widows, had completed basic schooling; had a personal incomeof 1 minimum wage; many lived by themselves; most took part in the PAIPI for morethan 4 years; and they evaluated their health condition as regular. In the participant’sperspective, the health promoting behaviors highlighted were: Healthy feeding, physicaland handcraft activities, leisure, and the pursuit of healthcare services...

The mitochondrial calcium uniporter controls skeletal muscle trophism in vivo.

Muscle atrophy contributes to the poor prognosis of many pathophysiological conditions, but pharmacological therapies are still limited. Muscle activity leads to major swings in mitochondrial [Ca(2+)], which control aerobic metabolism, cell death, and survival pathways. We investigated in vivo the effects of mitochondrial Ca(2+) homeostasis in skeletal muscle function and trophism by overexpressing or silencing the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU). The results demonstrate that in both developing and adult muscles, MCU-dependent mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake has a marked trophic effect that does not depend on aerobic control but impinges on two major hypertrophic pathways of skeletal muscle, PGC-1α4 and IGF1-Akt/PKB. In addition, MCU overexpression protects from denervation-induced atrophy. These data reveal a novel Ca(2+)-dependent organelle-to-nucleus signaling route that links mitochondrial function to the control of muscle mass and may represent a possible pharmacological target in conditions of muscle loss.

An eudesman derivative from Verbesina persicifolia D.C. as a natural mild uncoupler in liver mitochondria. A new potential anti-obesity agent?

4ß-cinnamoyloxy,1ß,3α-dihydroxyeudesm-7,8-ene (CDE) extracted from Verbesina persicifolia induces bioenergetic collapse in rat liver mitochondria (RLM), monitored as a fall in the respiratory control index and ADP/O values. This fall in energy is accompanied by a protonophore effect and membrane potential (Δψ) collapse, demonstrating that CDE behaves as a typical uncoupling agent. However, when examining the effect of CDE in detail, we found that it acts as a "mild" uncoupler because it drops Δψ and increases respiratory state 4. The proposed mechanism is based on the interaction of CDE with membrane protein cytochrome C oxidase, which is implicated in proton permeability, and with the respiratory chain for the generation of reactive oxygen species which mediate and regulate the activity of the above membrane protein. Considering the energy collapse, "mild" uncoupling, and the fact that CDE is largely used in folk medicines, this extract may be viewed as a potentially effective anti-obesity drug and a natural lead compound for developing new natural uncouplers against obesity.

3α-Hydroxymasticadienonic acid as an antiproliferative agent that impairs mitochondrial functions.

Previous investigations on the biological effects of 3α-hydroxymasticadienonic acid (1) have demonstrated both anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. However, neither the molecular mechanism of cytotoxic action nor the possible intracellular target(s) have been reported so far for this compound. The crucial role played by mitochondria on both cell survival and death, due to production of ATP and intrinsic apoptosis, respectively, prompted a study of the effect of 1 on isolated rat liver mitochondria. It was found that 1 causes a dose-dependent impairment of mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters, such as the respiratory control index and transmembrane electrical potential. Moreover, in the presence of Ca(2+), at a 10 µM concentration, 1 resulted in the induction of membrane permeability transition by oxidative stress, leading to the release of pro-apoptotic factors. At a 100 µM concentration, compound 1 affected mitochondrial Ca(2+) transport by inhibiting the accumulation of the cation in the mitochondrial matrix. Altogether, it was demonstrated that 1 induces an impairment of mitochondrial functions that may account for the cytotoxicity exhibited by this compound.

Pyridazinopsoralens of wide chemotherapeutic interest.

The synthesis of new 6,10-dimethylpyridazino[4,5-h]psoralens, carrying no (4), one (5), or two (6-9) dialkylaminoalkylcarboxamide side chains on the pyridazine ring is reported. All compounds exert a significant photoantiproliferative activity. Moreover, the derivatives characterised by the protonable side chains show a notable cytotoxicity in the dark. The investigation on the mechanism of action demonstrated the capacity to intercalate into DNA base pairs and to inhibit the relaxation activity of topoisomerase II.

Parêmetros clínicos e atividade eletromiográfica em pacientes com disfunção temporomandibular / Clinical Parameters and Electromyographic Activity in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorder

Este estudo compara os parâmetros clínicos da palpação muscular e a auto percepção do lado de mastigaçãopreferido com a atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos masseter (feixe superficial) e temporal (feixe anterior).Seis pacientes dentados com diagnóstico de disfunção temporomandibular foram selecionados para ogrupo experimental; o grupo controle era formado por quatro voluntários sadios. Os músculos masseter etemporal direitos de ambos os grupos apresentaram maior atividade eletromiográfica. Os músculos masseteresdos pacientes com disfunções temporomandibulares apresentaram uma maior atividade eletromiográfica dosque os músculos temporais. A atividade elétrica indica uma tendência de hiperfunção, preferência de lado demastigação e dor articular e está primariamente associada com a atividade dos músculos masseteres

Descrição da morfologia dos frênulos labiais superiores em escolares de Teresina / Description of the Morphology of Upper Labial Frenulum in Students from Teresina

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi o de fazer um levantamento da prevalência dos diferentes tipos de frênulos labiais superiores, além de suas inserções em escolares de Teresina - PI. Para tanto, foram realizados exames clínicos em 300 escolares com idades entre 7 e 10 anos. As crianças foram escolhidas ao acaso, e o exame consistiu na distensão do lábio superior com o auxílio dos dedos de um único examinador, envoltos por gaze,sendo os achados anotados em ficha padronizada. Foi utilizada a classificação dos frênulos labiais superiores proposta por Sewerin (1971) e das inserções proposta por Placek et al. (1974). Os dados foram processados através do programa de computação SPSS, sendo a análise estatística do tipo descritiva. O frênulo labial de maior prevalência foi o simples, seguido do teto-labial persistente, simples com nódulo, coincidência de duasou mais variações ou anormalidades, simples com apêndice, com recesso, bífido e duplo. O tipo de inserção mais prevalente foi a inserção na mucosa alveolar, seguida da gengiva inserida, papila interdental e penetrantena papila

The objective of this paper was to estimate the prevalence and attachment of different kinds of upper lip frenulum in students from Teresina - PI. A sample of 300 students aged 7 to 10 years were clinicallyexamined. The children were chosen at random and the examiner distended their upper lip just using his fingers wrapped up in gauze. The findings were recorded on a standard chart. The classification for upperlabial frenulum proposed by Sewerin (1971) and that of the attachments proposed by Placek et al. (1974) were used The data were processed using the computation program SPSS and descriptive statistical analysis. The simple upper labial frenulum showed the largest prevalence, followed by the persistent tectolabial, simple with nodule, coincidence of two or more variations or abnormalities, simple with appendix, with recess, bifid and double. The attachment to alveolar mucous was the most prevalent, followed by inserted gum, interdental papilla and penetrating in the papilla attachments.