The teaching of anatomy during the Covid-19 pandemic / O ensino de anatomia durante a pandemia de Covid-19

Abstract: Introduction: Human Anatomy is an essential subject for medical education. In addition to the theoretical content, practice is an irreplaceable way of learning. However, the COVID-19 pandemic brought up new challenges to the teaching of Anatomy. Therefore, new strategies were implemented aiming to adapt the medical curriculum. Experience report: At UNICAMP, Anatomy was taught virtually, through synchronous and asynchronous activities. For practical sessions, teachers and teaching assistants recorded lessons using real anatomical structures. The students had tutoring sessions with content review and quizzes. The anatomy final exams were taken on Google Forms. At the end of each semester, questionnaires were applied so that the students could evaluate the teaching tools. Discussion: The new method had both positive and negative aspects, but it was important to assure the maintenance of the teaching-learning process. All tools were approved by the students and the objectives of the course were achieved with no additional funding. Conclusion: This experience demonstrated that a teaching team consisting of teachers and monitors is of great value in the learning process. Furthermore, it showed that low-cost technology tools are helpful in overcoming adversities. Nevertheless, this model does not replace face-to-face teaching.

Resumo: Introdução: A anatomia humana é uma disciplina indispensável para a formação médica. Além do conteúdo teórico, sabe-se que o aprendizado por meio da prática é insubstituível. Entretanto, a pandemia de Covid-19 impôs desafios ao ensino de anatomia. Por isso, novas estratégias de ensino foram desenvolvidas para adaptar o currículo médico. Relato de experiência: Na Unicamp, o conteúdo de anatomia foi oferecido virtualmente por meio de atividades síncronas e assíncronas. Para as práticas, professores e monitores gravaram aulas com peças anatômicas verdadeiras. Os alunos também tiveram monitorias com revisão de conteúdo e quizzes. As provas finais foram feitas em formulários do Google Forms. Ao fim de cada semestre letivo, aplicaram-se questionários para que os estudantes avaliassem as novas ferramentas de ensino. Discussão: O novo método teve pontos positivos e negativos, mas foi importante para garantir a manutenção do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Todas as ferramentas foram aprovadas pelos alunos, e atingiram-se os objetivos do curso sem financiamento adicional. Conclusão: Essa experiência demonstrou que a união entre professores e monitores é de grande valia para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Além disso, revelou que ferramentas tecnológicas de baixo custo podem ser úteis nesse contexto. Entretanto, esse modelo não substitui o ensino presencial.

Association of an expanded inflammatory mediators response with clinical and laboratory data in the postoperative period of pulmonary resection: a prospective clinical study.

INTRODUCTION: patients undergoing pulmonary resection may experience local or remote complications in the postoperative period due to the inflammatory response, which increases the length of hospital stay and costs. This study objective was to establish an expanded interleukins profile, identifying the main actors in the postoperative inflammatory response, and to correlate them with clinical and laboratory data of patients submitted to pulmonary resection. METHODS: this was a prospective, interventional, longitudinal study of 27 cases of pulmonary resection performed at HC-UNICAMP, in which we analyzed serum levels of IL 1 α, IL 1 ß, IL 1 ra, IL 2, IL 13, IL 6, IL 8, IL 10, IL 12 (p40), IL 12 (p70), IL 17a, TNF α, TNF ß, IFN γ, TGF ß, MIP 1α, MIP 1ß, MCP 1, MCP 3, VEGF, and clinical data before, during, and after surgery. RESULTS: Individuals had a median age of 63 years, 16 (59%) being male and 11 (41%), female. The clinical factors that influenced inflammatory response were body mass index, smoking, and previous use of corticosteroids, while the influencing laboratory data were the numbers of leukocytes and platelets. Discussion: within this expanded interleukin profile in the inflammatory response of lung resections, our study showed that interleukins IL 6, IL 8, IL 10, IL 1 ß, and TNF α should be considered for assessing humoral inflammation. CONCLUSION: this study can aid in the identification of clinical or pharmacological interventions that modulate the inflammatory response in the perioperative period of pulmonary resections, mitigating local and systemic complications.

Association of an expanded inflammatory mediators response with clinical and laboratory data in the postoperative period of pulmonary resection: a prospective clinical study / Associação de perfil ampliado dos mediadores da resposta inflamatória com dados clínicos e laboratoriais no período pós-operatório de ressecção pulmonar: estudo clínico prospectivo

ABSTRACT Introduction: patients undergoing pulmonary resection may experience local or remote complications in the postoperative period due to the inflammatory response, which increases the length of hospital stay and costs. This study objective was to establish an expanded interleukins profile, identifying the main actors in the postoperative inflammatory response, and to correlate them with clinical and laboratory data of patients submitted to pulmonary resection. Methods: this was a prospective, interventional, longitudinal study of 27 cases of pulmonary resection performed at HC-UNICAMP, in which we analyzed serum levels of IL 1 α, IL 1 β, IL 1 ra, IL 2, IL 13, IL 6, IL 8, IL 10, IL 12 (p40), IL 12 (p70), IL 17a, TNF α, TNF β, IFN γ, TGF β, MIP 1α, MIP 1β, MCP 1, MCP 3, VEGF, and clinical data before, during, and after surgery. Results: Individuals had a median age of 63 years, 16 (59%) being male and 11 (41%), female. The clinical factors that influenced inflammatory response were body mass index, smoking, and previous use of corticosteroids, while the influencing laboratory data were the numbers of leukocytes and platelets. Discussion: within this expanded interleukin profile in the inflammatory response of lung resections, our study showed that interleukins IL 6, IL 8, IL 10, IL 1 β, and TNF α should be considered for assessing humoral inflammation. Conclusion: this study can aid in the identification of clinical or pharmacological interventions that modulate the inflammatory response in the perioperative period of pulmonary resections, mitigating local and systemic complications.

RESUMO Introdução: pacientes submetidos a ressecção pulmonar podem apresentar complicações locais ou remotas no pós-operatório decorrente da resposta inflamatória, que aumenta o tempo de internação e de custos hospitalares. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer perfil ampliado do comportamento das interleucinas, identificar as principais interleucinas que atuam na resposta inflamatória no período pós-operatório e associá-las com dados clínicos e laboratoriais dos pacientes submetidos a ressecção pulmonar. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo com 27 casos de ressecção pulmonar realizados no HC-UNICAMP. Foram analisados níveis séricos de IL-1 α, IL-1 β, IL-1 ra, IL-2, IL-13, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 (p40), IL-12 (p70), IL-17a, TNF- α, TNF- β, IFN-γ, TGF- β, MIP-1 α, MIP-1 β, MCP-1, MCP-3, VEGF e dados clínicos antes, durante e após a operação. Resultados: indivíduos apresentaram mediana de idade de 63 anos, sendo 16 (59%) do sexo masculino e 11 (41%) do sexo feminino. Os fatores clínicos que influenciam na resposta inflamatória são: índice de massa corporal, tabagismo e uso prévio de corticóide, enquanto que os dados laboratoriais se expressam nos números de leucócitos e plaquetas. Discussão: dentro deste ampliado perfil das interleucinas na resposta inflamatória das ressecções pulmonares, este estudo mostrou que devem ser valorizadas para avaliar inflamação humoral as interleucinas: IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1 β e TNF- α. Conclusão: este estudo pode colaborar na identificação de intervenções clínicas ou farmacológicas que modulem a resposta inflamatória no período peri-operatório das ressecções pulmonares, mitigando as complicações locais e sistêmicas.