Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical ant genus Hylomyrma Forel, 1912 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), with the description of fourteen new species.

This paper provides a taxonomic revision of the Neotropical ant genus Hylomyrma Forel (1912) (Myrmicinae: Pogonomyrmecini). Morphological traits combined with geographical data and natural history information led to the recognition of 30 species, fourteen of them described here as new: Hylomyrma adelae sp. n., Hylomyrma dandarae sp. n., Hylomyrma jeronimae sp. n., Hylomyrma lispectorae sp. n., Hylomyrma lopesi sp. n., Hylomyrma macielae sp. n., Hylomyrma margaridae sp. n., Hylomyrma mariae sp. n., Hylomyrma marielleae sp. n., Hylomyrma mitiae sp. n., Hylomyrma peetersi sp. n., Hylomyrma primavesi sp. n., Hylomyrma virginiae sp. n. and Hylomyrma wachiperi sp. n. Lectotypes for H. speciosa (junior synonym of H. balzani) and H. reitteri are here designated from syntypes to improve nomenclatural stability. Except for the three species most recently described (H. montana, H. plumosa, and H. villemantae), the external morphology of workers is described or redescribed, as well as for the known males and queens, most described here for the first time. Of the 30 recognized species herein, 11 present intercastes; at least three of them present female specimens with queen-like traits that may be understood as ergatoids. An updated identification key for Hylomyrma workers is provided, as well as high resolution photographs of all known sexes and castes, species distribution maps, and a summary of what is known from the biology of all species.

Colecistectomía por minilaparotomía: línea media / Cholecystectomy by mid-line minilaparotomy

En 3 años se realizaron 500 cirugias de la vesicula y la via biliar por minilaparotomia linea media, en pacientes no seleccionados, con edades entre los 11 y 90 años, con una incision en promedio de 4 cm, sin ninguna lesion de la via biliar. El diagnostico clinico fue confirmado con ecografia, colangiografia retrograda endoscopica y colecistografia oral. A todos los pacientes se les realize Colecistectomia por colelitiasis o colecistitis acalculosa con colangiografia intraoperatoria en 162 pacientes; coledocotomia, esfinteroplastia en 43, extraccion de cálculos y tubo en T en 32; coledocoduodenostomia en 32; y coledocoyeyunostomia en 3 pacientes. Solo 3 enfermos se reoperaron; 1 por sangrado del lecho hepático, 1 por peritonitis biliar y otro por evisceracion. Perdimos un paciente por falla cardiaca cuyo reingreso al hospital se hizo al quinto dia postoperatorio. El promedio de hospitalizacion para los pacientes sometidos a Colecistectomia unicamente fue de 1.5 dias y 4.8 dias para los pacientes a quienes fue necesario agregarles otro procedimiento.