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1.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 25(3): 269-277, May-June 2015. tab, ilus
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: lil-757438

RESUMEN

AbstractSome publications have described the pharmacological properties of latices proteins. Thus, in the present study proteins from Plumeria pudica Jacq., Apocynaceae, latex were evaluated for anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. Obtained data showed that an intraperitoneal administration of different doses of latex was able to reduce the paw edema induced by carrageenan in a dose-dependent manner (better dose 40 mg/kg; 72.7% inhibition at 3rd and 78.7% at 4th hour) and the edema induced by dextran (40 mg/kg; 51.5% inhibition at 30 min and 93.0% at 1st hour). Inhibition of edema induced by carrageenan was accompanied by a reduction of myeloperoxidase activity. Pre-treating animals with latex (40 mg/kg) also inhibited the paw edema induced by histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, prostaglandin E2, compound 48/80. Additionally, the latex (40 mg/kg) reduced the leukocyte peritoneal migration induced by carrageenan and this event was followed by reduction of IL-1β and TNF-α in peritoneal fluid. The latex-treatment (40 mg/kg) reduced the animal abdominal constrictions induced by acetic acid and the first phase on paw licking model induced by formalin. When latex was treated with heat (at 100 °C for 30 min), anti-edematogenic and myeloperoxidase activities were significantly reduced, indicating the involvement of heat-sensitive proteins on anti-inflammatory effect. Our results evidence that latex fluids are a source of proteins with pharmacological properties.

2.
J Pharm Pharmacol ; 67(7): 1017-27, 2015 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25808583

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antinociceptive actions of PFPe, a polysaccharide fraction isolated from the dried fruit of the Passiflora edulis. METHODS: Animals were pretreated with PFPe (0.3, 1 or 3 mg/kg, i.p.) 1 h before induction of paw oedema by carrageenan, histamine, serotonin, compound 48/80 or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Neutrophil migration and vascular permeability were measured after carrageenan injection into the peritoneum, and the action of the PFPe on the tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß), myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels was also evaluated. To assay nociception, we examined acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced paw licking and response latency in the hot plate test. KEY FINDINGS: Pretreatment with PFPe significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw oedema. PFPe also reduced paw oedema induced by compound 48/80, histamine, serotonin, and PGE2 and compound 48/80-induced vascular permeability. In addition, PFPe significantly reduced the MPO activity, MDA and GSH concentrations, and IL-1ß level. In the nociception tests, PFPe reduced acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced paw licking and did not increase the response latency time. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that PFPe administration reduces the inflammatory response by modulation of the liberation or synthesis of histamine and serotonin, by reduction of neutrophil migration, IL-1ß levels, and oxidative stress and nociception.


Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Passiflora/química , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Analgésicos/química , Analgésicos/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Permeabilidad Capilar/efectos de los fármacos , Carragenina/farmacología , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Edema/metabolismo , Glutatión/metabolismo , Histamina/metabolismo , Inflamación/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Masculino , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Ratones , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Dimensión del Dolor/métodos , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Serotonina/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
3.
Carbohydr Polym ; 108: 17-25, 2014 Aug 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24751242

RESUMEN

Polysaccharides (PLS) have notably diverse pharmacological properties. In the present study, we investigated the previously unexplored anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the PLS fraction isolated from the marine red alga Digenea simplex. We found that the PLS fraction reduced carrageenan-induced edema in a dose-dependent manner, and inhibited inflammation induced by dextran, histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin. The fraction also inhibited neutrophil migration into both mouse paw and peritoneal cavity. This effect was accompanied by decreases in IL1-ß and TNF-α levels in the peritoneal fluid. Pre-treatment of mice with PLS (60 mg/kg) significantly reduced acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing. This same dose of PLS also reduced total licking time in both phases of a formalin test, and increased latency in a hot plate test. Therefore, we conclude that PLS extracted from D. simplex possess anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities and can be useful as therapeutic agents against inflammatory diseases.


Asunto(s)
Analgésicos/química , Analgésicos/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/uso terapéutico , Rhodophyta/química , Ácido Acético/toxicidad , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Carragenina/toxicidad , Edema/inducido químicamente , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Dolor/inducido químicamente , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
4.
J Pharm Pharmacol ; 66(8): 1161-70, 2014 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24579929

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of the sulfated-polysaccharide (PLS) fraction extracted from the seaweed Gracilaria birdiae in rats with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. METHODS: In the experiments involving TNBS-induced colitis, rats were pretreated with polysaccharide extracted from G. birdiae (PLS: 30, 60 and 90 mg/kg, 500 µL p.o.) or dexamethasone (control group: 1 mg/kg) once daily for 3 days starting before TNBS instillation (day 1). The rats were killed on the third day, the portion of distal colon was excised and washed with 0.9% saline and pinned onto a wax block for the evaluation of macroscopic scores. Samples of the intestinal tissue were used for histological evaluation and assays for glutathione (GSH) levels, malonyldialdehyde (MDA) concentration, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, nitrate and nitrite (NO3 /NO2 ) concentration and cytokines levels. KEY FINDINGS: PLS treatment reduced the macroscopic and microscopic TNBS-induced intestinal damage. Additionally, it avoided the consumption of GSH, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, MDA and NO3 /NO2 concentrations and diminished the MPO activity. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the PLS fraction has a protective effect against intestinal damage through mechanisms that involve the inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration, cytokine releasing and lipid peroxidation.


Asunto(s)
Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Gracilaria/química , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Rhodophyta/química , Ácido Trinitrobencenosulfónico/farmacología , Animales , Citocinas/metabolismo , Dexametasona/farmacología , Glutatión/metabolismo , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Nitratos/metabolismo , Nitritos/metabolismo , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Polisacáridos/química , Ratas , Ratas Wistar
5.
Carbohydr Polym ; 99: 59-67, 2014 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24274479

RESUMEN

The sulfated polysaccharide (PLS) fraction of Agardhiella ramosissima was characterized by microanalysis, infrared spectroscopy, NMR and gas-liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry. The main constituent of PLS was the ι carrageenan. The monosaccharide composition of the PLS showed galactose, 3,6-anhydrogalactose and 6-O-methylgalactose. The PLS (30 mg kg(-1)) significantly reduced the paw oedema induced by carrageenan, dextran, histamine and serotonin and also was able to significantly inhibit leucocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity and decrease the concentration of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in paw tissue. In the antinociceptive tests, the pre-treatment with PLS reduced the number of writhes, the licking time but did not increase the latency time of response. This study demonstrates for the first time the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of PLS from A. ramosissima. Thus, we concluded that PLS could be a new natural tool in pain and acute inflammatory conditions.


Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/química , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Rhodophyta/química , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Carragenina , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Dextranos , Edema/inducido químicamente , Edema/fisiopatología , Galactosa/análogos & derivados , Galactosa/química , Miembro Posterior , Histamina , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/fisiopatología , Masculino , Metilgalactósidos/química , Ratones , Nocicepción/efectos de los fármacos , Nocicepción/fisiología , Dolor/inducido químicamente , Dolor/fisiopatología , Peroxidasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Serotonina , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier
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