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1.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci ; 78(5): 819-829, 2023 05 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36800266

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to test whether prospective memory (PM) was an early cognitive marker of future cognitive decline and incident dementia using longitudinal data spanning 8 years from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study. METHODS: At baseline, 121 participants aged 72-91 years were tested in PM using a validated PM task, Virtual Week, which included time- and event-based tasks presented with varying regularity. Responses were scored "Correct" if completed accurately and "Missed" if the target was not remembered at any time. Measures of cognition were taken at baseline and 2-year intervals over 8 years. Dementia diagnoses were made by expert consensus panels using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria. Linear mixed models and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the data, controlling for potential confounds. RESULTS: Both decreased PM accuracy and missed PM responses were associated with rate of cognitive decline measured by Mini-Mental State Examination over 8 years and global cognitive decline over 4 years. Risk of incident dementia increased with poorer baseline PM ability and missed responses. These effects remained significant after controlling for baseline cognition and were strongest for event-based and regular PM tasks. DISCUSSION: PM is a sensitive early marker of future cognitive decline and risk of incident dementia. PM tasks supported by spontaneous retrieval (event-based) and those with lower retrospective memory demands (regular tasks) function as particularly sensitive predictors. In other words, deficits in performing less effortful PM tasks best predicted cognitive decline. These findings may encourage clinicians to incorporate PM tasks in clinical assessments.


Asunto(s)
Disfunción Cognitiva , Demencia , Memoria Episódica , Humanos , Demencia/diagnóstico , Demencia/epidemiología , Demencia/psicología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Disfunción Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Disfunción Cognitiva/epidemiología , Disfunción Cognitiva/psicología , Cognición , Trastornos de la Memoria/diagnóstico
2.
Memory ; 26(9): 1206-1219, 2018 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29388873

RESUMEN

To perform prospective memory (PM) tasks in day-to-day life, we often enlist the help of others. Yet the effects of collaboration on PM are largely unknown. Adopting the methodology of the "collaborative recall paradigm", we tested whether stranger dyads (Experiment 1) and intimate couples (Experiment 2) would perform better on a "Virtual Week" task when working together or each working separately. In Experiment 1, we found evidence of collaborative inhibition: collaborating strangers did not perform to their pooled individual potential, although the effect was modulated by PM task difficulty. We also found that the overall collaborative inhibition effect was attributable to both the retrospective and prospective components of PM. In Experiment 2 however, there was no collaborative inhibition: there was no significant difference in performance between couples working together or separately. Our findings suggest potential costs of collaboration to PM. Intimate relationships may reduce the usual costs of collaboration, with implications for intervention training programmes and for populations who most need PM support.


Asunto(s)
Conducta Cooperativa , Composición Familiar , Procesos de Grupo , Memoria Episódica , Recuerdo Mental/fisiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Individualidad , Inhibición Psicológica , Relaciones Interpersonales , Masculino , Conducta Social , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto Joven
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