RESUMEN
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common form of refractory epilepsy in adulthood. The metabolic profile of epileptogenesis is still poorly investigated. Elucidation of such a metabolic profile using animal models of epilepsy could help identify new metabolites and pathways involved in the mechanisms of epileptogenesis process. In this study, we evaluated the metabolic profile during the epileptogenesis periods. Using a pilocarpine model of epilepsy, we analyzed the global metabolic profile of hippocampal extracts by untargeted metabolomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry, at three time points (3 h, 1 week, and 2 weeks) after status epilepticus (SE) induction. We demonstrated that epileptogenesis periods presented different hippocampal metabolic profiles, including alterations of metabolic pathways of amino acids and lipid metabolism. Six putative metabolites (tryptophan, N-acetylornithine, N-acetyl-L-aspartate, glutamine, adenosine, and cholesterol) showed significant different levels during epileptogenesis compared to their respective controls. These putative metabolites could be associated with the imbalance of neurotransmitters, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell loss observed during both epileptogenesis and epilepsy. With these findings, we provided an overview of hippocampal metabolic profiles during different stages of epileptogenesis that could help investigate pathways and respective metabolites as predictive tools in epilepsy.
Asunto(s)
Epilepsia del Lóbulo Temporal , Epilepsia , Animales , Epilepsia/inducido químicamente , Epilepsia del Lóbulo Temporal/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Metaboloma , Pilocarpina/metabolismoRESUMEN
Celiac disease (CD), despite its high morbidity, is an often-underdiagnosed autoimmune enteropathy. Using a modified version of the Brazilian questionnaire of the 2013 National Health Survey, we interviewed 604 Mennonites of Frisian/Flemish origin that have been isolated for 25 generations. A subgroup of 576 participants were screened for IgA autoantibodies in serum, and 391 participants were screened for HLA-DQ2.5/DQ8 subtypes. CD seroprevalence was 1:29 (3.48%, 95% CI = 2.16-5.27%) and biopsy-confirmed CD was 1:75 (1.32%, 95% CI = 0.57-2.59%), which is superior to the highest reported global prevalence (1:100). Half (10/21) of the patients did not suspect the disease. HLA-DQ2.5/DQ8 increased CD susceptibility (OR = 12.13 [95% CI = 1.56-94.20], p = 0.003). The HLA-DQ2.5 carrier frequency was higher in Mennonites than in Brazilians (p = 7 × 10-6). HLA-DQ8 but not HLA-DQ2.5 carrier frequency differed among settlements (p = 0.007) and was higher than in Belgians, a Mennonite ancestral population (p = 1.8 × 10-6), and higher than in Euro-Brazilians (p = 6.5 × 10-6). The glutathione pathway, which prevents reactive oxygen species-causing bowel damage, was altered within the metabolic profiles of untreated CD patients. Those with lower serological positivity clustered with controls presenting close relatives with CD or rheumatoid arthritis. In conclusion, Mennonites have a high CD prevalence with a strong genetic component and altered glutathione metabolism that calls for urgent action to alleviate the burden of comorbidities due to late diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Celíaca , Humanos , Enfermedad Celíaca/epidemiología , Enfermedad Celíaca/genética , Prevalencia , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , IntestinosRESUMEN
Different carriers, such as the combination of sodium alginate and inulin, have been employed to protect foods against environmental effects. The goal of this work was to use the ionic gelation encapsulation process to produce microparticles containing Clidemia rubra extract, ranging the concentration of inulin from 1.5 to 3.5 g inulin.100 g-1 of solution. Characteristic signals of sugars, organic acids and phenolic compounds were identified in the extract using the 1H NMR technique. The carriers containing inulin presented significant difference in the moisture content when compared to the pure sodium alginate beads. The produced beads were found in the range of 0.81-1.06 mm. The addition of inulin to sodium alginate was significant for the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of the antioxidant compounds when compared to the beads formed only using pure sodium alginate. The microspheres presenting inulin and sodium alginate presented higher content of spherical particles. The addition of 2.5 g inulin.100 g-1 of solution allowed its incorporation into the pores of the beads, favoring a possible chemical interaction between inulin and sodium alginate. This interaction resulted in a different crystal structure and better EE. Furthermore, beads containing inulin presented higher protection of the encapsulated bioactive compounds during the gastric phase.
Asunto(s)
Alginatos , Inulina , Frutas , Ácido Glucurónico , Ácidos Hexurónicos , Extractos VegetalesRESUMEN
The seed oil of Annona salzmannii A. DC. was analyzed by GC-MS and 1H qNMR, revealing a mixture of unsaturated (80.5%) and saturated (18.7%) fatty acids. Linoleic (45.3%) and oleic (33.5%) acid were the major unsaturated fatty acids identified, while palmitic acid (14.3%) was the major saturated fatty acid. The larvicidal effects of A. salzmannii seed oil were evaluated against third-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti (Linn.). The oil exhibited moderate larvicidal activity, with a LC50 of 569.77 ppm (95% CI = 408.11 to 825.88 ppm). However, when the cytotoxic effects of the oil were evaluated, no expressive antiproliferative effects were observed in tumor cell lines B16-F10 (mouse melanoma), HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), K562 (human chronic myelocytic leukemia), HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia), and non-tumor cell line PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells), with IC50 values > 50 µg·mL-1. This is the first study to evaluate the chemical composition, larvicidal and cytotoxic activity of A. salzmannii seed oil
Asunto(s)
Semillas/anatomía & histología , Aceites de Plantas/análisis , Annonaceae/química , Annona/efectos adversos , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados , Larva/clasificaciónRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils as well as the anatomy of the aerial parts from Baccharis aracatubaensis, Baccharis burchellii, and Baccharis organensis owing to the therapeutic potential of Baccharis. The volatile constituents were analyzed using GC/MS, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORACFL ) and DPPH assays, and the antimicrobial activity by a microdilution technique. Of the 56 compounds identified, only seven (ß-caryophyllene, γ-muurolene, bicyclogermacrene, ß-germacrene, spathulenol, τ-muurolol, and α-cadinol) were common in the three specimens studied. Of these, γ-muurolene was found abundantly in B. aracatubaensis, while bicyclogermacrene was abundant in B. burchellii and B. organensis. The essential oils exhibited antioxidant activity in the ORACFL (>500.0â µmol TE g-1 ) and DPPH assays. However, they did not exhibit any antimicrobial activity. Secretory ducts and flagelliform glandular trichomes were observed in the anatomical study of all the Baccharis species studied.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Baccharis/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas/química , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Compuestos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inhibidores , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estructura Molecular , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/aislamiento & purificación , Picratos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cardinal motor features, such as bradykinesia, but also vocal deficits (e.g. difficulties to articulate words and to keep the tone of voice) and depression. In the present study, rats with bilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the substantia nigra pars compacta were evaluated for changes in the emission of 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations, gait impairment (catwalk test), and depressive-like behaviour (sucrose preference test). Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of repeated treatment (28 days) with ketamine (5, 10, and 15â¯mg/kg, ip, once per week) or imipramine (15â¯mg/kg, ip, daily). The lesion had prominent effects on the production of 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (reduced call numbers, call durations, total calling time, and increased latency to start calling), led to gait impairment (increased run duration and stand of right forelimb) and induced anhedonia (reduced sucrose preference). Also, significant correlations between gait changes, sucrose preference, and ultrasonic calling were found, yet, except for run duration and sucrose preference, these correlations were low indicating that these associations are weak. Importantly, ketamine and imipramine reversed lesion-induced anhedonia and improved gait impairments, but neither drug improved ultrasonic calling. In conclusion, the substantia nigra lesion with 6-hydroxydopamine induced subtle motor and non-motor manifestations, reflecting key features of the wide clinical spectrum of early Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, the present results suggest a potential efficacy of ketamine on depression and gait alterations in Parkinson's disease.
Asunto(s)
Anhedonia/efectos de los fármacos , Marcha/efectos de los fármacos , Ketamina/farmacología , Vocalización Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Depresión/tratamiento farmacológico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Imipramina/farmacología , Masculino , Degeneración Nerviosa/patología , Oxidopamina/farmacología , Enfermedad de Parkinson/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Parkinson/patología , Porción Compacta de la Sustancia Negra/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Sustancia Negra/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The "araçá-pera" (Psidium acutangulum DC) is an exotic guava consumed by the Brazilian Amazon population. This paper describes 22 compounds from this fruit by UHPLC-HRMS and NMR methods, being one disaccharide, five monosaccharides, two organic acids, one trihydroxycinnamic acid glucopyranosyl, one tannine digalloyl glucopyranosyl, five triterpenoid acids, and six fatty acids. It also quantifies the level of ascorbic acid (AA) by HPLC-MS (74.32±1.23mg/100g of fresh fruit), and defines the chemical antioxidant activities by DPPH and ABTS+ assays (24.96±0.75, 90.57±0.63mg of vitamin C/100g fresh fruit, respectively), and a cell-based assays (76-100%). These results have shown that this exotic guava can be consumed as a nutraceutical ingredient, as well as be used in the production of functional foods in the Amazonian diet to prevent chronic and oxidative diseases.