Evolution of socioeconomic indicators and cardiovascular mortality in three Brazilian states.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of death in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To correlate cardiovascular mortality rates in the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, and in their capitals, between 1980 and 2008, with socioeconomic indicators collected from 1949 onwards. METHODS: Population and death data were obtained from the Brazilian Unified Health System databank (Datasus). Mortality rates due to the following were calculated and adjusted by use of the direct method and compensated for poorly defined causes: ischemic heart diseases; cerebrovascular diseases; cardiovascular diseases; poorly defined causes; and all causes. Child mortality data were obtained from state and municipal health secretariats and from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Information on gross domestic product (GDP) and educational level was obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Applied Economic Research (Ipea). The mortality rates and socioeconomic indicators were correlated by using the estimation of Pearson linear coefficients to determine optimized year lag. The inclination coefficients of the regression between the dependent variable "disease" and the independent variable "socioeconomic indicator" were estimated. RESULTS: The three states showed a reduction in mortality, which was especially due to a decrease in cardiovascular mortality, mainly of cerebrovascular diseases. The decrease in cardiovascular mortality was preceded by a reduction in child mortality, an elevation in the per capita GDP, and an increase in the educational level, and a strong correlation between indicators and mortality rates was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The three indicators showed an almost maximum correlation with the reduction in cardiovascular mortality. Such relationship indicates the importance of improving quality of life to reduce cardiovascular mortality.

Evolução de indicadores socioeconômicos e da mortalidade cardiovascular em três estados do Brasil / Evolution of socioeconomic indicators and cardiovascular mortality in three brazilian states

FUNDAMENTO: Doenças do aparelho circulatório são a primeira causa de morte no Brasil. OBJETIVO: Correlacionar taxas de mortalidade por doenças do aparelho circulatório nos Estados de Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, e em suas capitais, entre 1980 e 2008, com indicadores socioeconômicos coletados a partir de 1949. MÉTODOS: Populações e óbitos obtidos no Datasus/MS. Calcularam-se taxas de mortalidade por doenças isquêmicas do coração, doenças cerebrovasculares, causas mal definidas, doenças do aparelho circulatório (DApCirc) e todas as causas, ajustadas pelo método direto e compensadas por causas mal definidas. Dados de mortalidade infantil foram obtidos nas secretarias estaduais e municipais de saúde e no IBGE. Dados de PIB e escolaridade foram obtidos no Ipea. As taxas de mortalidade e os indicadores socioeconômicos foram correlacionados pela estimação de coeficientes lineares de Pearson, para determinar a defasagem anual otimizada. Foram estimados os coeficientes de inclinação da regressão entre a dependente doença e a independente indicador socioeconômico. RESULTADOS: Houve redução da mortalidade nos três Estados, essa ocorreu especialmente por queda de mortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares, em especial das doenças cerebrovasculares. A queda da mortalidade por doenças do aparelho circulatório foi precedida por redução da mortalidade infantil, elevação do produto interno bruto per capita e aumento na escolaridade, com forte correlação entre indicadores e taxas de mortalidade. CONCLUSÃO: A variação evolutiva dos três indicadores demonstrou correlação quase máxima com a redução da mortalidade por DApCirc. Essas relações sinalizam a importância na melhoria das condições de vida da população para reduzir a mortalidade cardiovascular.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of death in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To correlate cardiovascular mortality rates in the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, and in their capitals, between 1980 and 2008, with socioeconomic indicators collected from 1949 onwards. METHODS: Population and death data were obtained from the Brazilian Unified Health System databank (Datasus). Mortality rates due to the following were calculated and adjusted by use of the direct method and compensated for poorly defined causes: ischemic heart diseases; cerebrovascular diseases; cardiovascular diseases; poorly defined causes; and all causes. Child mortality data were obtained from state and municipal health secretariats and from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Information on gross domestic product (GDP) and educational level was obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Applied Economic Research (Ipea). The mortality rates and socioeconomic indicators were correlated by using the estimation of Pearson linear coefficients to determine optimized year lag. The inclination coefficients of the regression between the dependent variable "disease" and the independent variable "socioeconomic indicator" were estimated. RESULTS: The three states showed a reduction in mortality, which was especially due to a decrease in cardiovascular mortality, mainly of cerebrovascular diseases. The decrease in cardiovascular mortality was preceded by a reduction in child mortality, an elevation in the per capita GDP, and an increase in the educational level, and a strong correlation between indicators and mortality rates was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The three indicators showed an almost maximum correlation with the reduction in cardiovascular mortality. Such relationship indicates the importance of improving quality of life to reduce cardiovascular mortality.

[All-cause and cardiovascular diseases mortality in three Brazilian states, 1980 to 2006]. / Mortalidade por todas as causas e por doenças cardiovasculares em três estados do Brasil, 1980 a 2006.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate mortality from all causes, diseases of the circulatory system (DCS), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) from 1980 to 2006 in Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo, and their capitals, taking into consideration the impact of deaths due to ill-defined causes. METHODS: population and mortality data were obtained from the Unified Health System's Data Bank (DATASUS). Mortality from the diseases of interest and from ill-defined causes was adjusted by the direct method for adults older than 20 years of age. Since the mortality rates from ill-defined causes increased markedly after 1990, proportional mortality rates from ill-defined causes were calculated. Linear regression models were used for analysis of trends. RESULTS: a relevant decline in all-cause mortality was observed in the three states and capitals. Rio de Janeiro and its capital had the highest rates of all-cause mortality. DCS mortality declined more than all-cause mortality. Proportional mortality from ill-defined causes in Rio de Janeiro and its capital was higher than in all other states and capitals starting in 1990. CVD mortality fell in the study period, especially in Rio de Janeiro and its capital. The state of Rio de Janeiro also had the highest IHD mortality rates until 1993. Among the capitals, São Paulo presented the highest IHD mortality rates starting in 1992. CONCLUSIONS: the decline in all-cause mortality resulted mainly from the decline in DCS mortality. In turn, the decline in DCS mortality was partly due to the reduction in CVD mortality, especially in the state of Rio de Janeiro.

Mortalidade por todas as causas e por doenças cardiovasculares em três estados do Brasil, 1980 a 2006 / All-cause and cardiovascular diseases mortality in three Brazilian states, 1980 to 2006

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a mortalidade por todas as causas e por doenças do aparelho circulatório (DAC), doenças isquêmicas do coração (DIC) e doenças cerebrovasculares (DCBV) de 1980 a 2006 no Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo e em suas capitais, considerando o impacto dos óbitos por causas mal definidas. MÉTODOS: Os dados de população e óbitos foram obtidos no Banco de Dados do Sistema Único de Saúde. As taxas de mortalidade para as doenças de interesse e para as causas mal definidas foram ajustadas pelo método direto para adultos acima de 20 anos. Como as taxas por causas mal definidas no Rio de Janeiro aumentaram muito a partir de 1990, foram estimados percentuais de mortalidade proporcional por causas mal definidas. Empregaram-se modelos de regressão linear para análise das tendências. RESULTADOS: Observou-se uma queda relevante da mortalidade por todas as causas nos três estados e capitais. O Rio de Janeiro e sua capital apresentaram taxas mais elevadas. A mortalidade por DAC apresentou queda mais acentuada do que a mortalidade por todas as causas. A mortalidade proporcional por causas mal definidas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e sua capital superou aquela das demais localidades a partir de 1990. A mortalidade por DCBV apresentou declínio, mais acentuado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e sua capital. O Estado do Rio de Janeiro apresentou também taxas de mortalidade mais elevadas por DIC até 1993. Entre as capitais, São Paulo apresentou a partir de 1992 as taxas mais elevadas de mortalidade por DIC. CONCLUSÃO: A queda da mortalidade por todas as causas se deveu principalmente ao declínio da mortalidade por DAC. A queda da mortalidade por DAC se deveu em parte à redução da mortalidade por DCBV, notadamente no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate mortality from all causes, diseases of the circulatory system (DCS), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) from 1980 to 2006 in Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo, and their capitals, taking into consideration the impact of deaths due to ill-defined causes. METHODS: Population and mortality data were obtained from the Unified Health System's Data Bank (DATASUS). Mortality from the diseases of interest and from ill-defined causes was adjusted by the direct method for adults older than 20 years of age. Since the mortality rates from ill-defined causes increased markedly after 1990, proportional mortality rates from ill-defined causes were calculated. Linear regression models were used for analysis of trends. RESULTS: A relevant decline in all-cause mortality was observed in the three states and capitals. Rio de Janeiro and its capital had the highest rates of all-cause mortality. DCS mortality declined more than all-cause mortality. Proportional mortality from ill-defined causes in Rio de Janeiro and its capital was higher than in all other states and capitals starting in 1990. CVD mortality fell in the study period, especially in Rio de Janeiro and its capital. The state of Rio de Janeiro also had the highest IHD mortality rates until 1993. Among the capitals, São Paulo presented the highest IHD mortality rates starting in 1992. CONCLUSIONS: The decline in all-cause mortality resulted mainly from the decline in DCS mortality. In turn, the decline in DCS mortality was partly due to the reduction in CVD mortality, especially in the state of Rio de Janeiro.

Mortalidade po doenças isquêmicas do coração, cerebrovasculares e causas mal definidas nas regiões do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 1980-2007 / Mortality due to ischemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases and i defined causes of death in regions of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil 1980-2007

As doenças do aparelho circulatório são a primeira causa de morte no Brasil. Avaliar a evolução da mortalidade por doenças isquêmicas do coração (DIC), doenças cerebrovasculares (DCBV) e por causas mal definidas (CMD), em adultos, no estado do Rio de Janeiro (ERJ), entre 1980 a 2007. Populações de 1980 a 2006 foram obtidas no datasus / MS e a de 2007 estimada por regressão linear. Óbitos de 1980-2005 obtidos no Datasus / MS e de 2006-2007 na Secretaria de Saúde do ERJ. Demarcaram-se 10 regiões. Taxas de mortalidade...

Ethnicity and young age influence the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis at the onset of type 1 diabetes.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) may be present at the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D), increasing both its morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of this complication at the clinical presentation of T1D, as well as possible interfering factors in a multi-ethnic population from Brazil. We have reviewed the medical charts of 545 individuals with T1D diagnosed between 1968 and 2006 from two major local diabetes treatment centers. DKA occurred in 179 patients (32.8%) at the onset of T1D. The frequency of DKA was higher in non-white than white individuals (p<0.0001) and in the younger age groups (