Chemiluminescent detection of carbohydrates in the tumoral breast diseases.

Nowadays, there is an increase of investigations into the fibroadenoma, mainly because some studies have shown that the occurrence of fibroadenoma is linked to an increased risk of developing breast carcinoma. Currently, the chemiluminescence biomarkers are applied for validation methods and screening. Here, a lectin chemiluminescence is proposed as new histochemistry method to identify carbohydrates in mammary tumoral tissues. The lectins concanavalin A (Con A) and peanut agglutinin (PNA) conjugated to acridinium ester were used to characterize the glycocode of breast tissues: normal, fibroadenoma, and invasive duct carcinoma (IDC). The lectin chemiluminescence expressed in relative light units (RLU) was higher in fibroadenoma and IDC than in normal tissue for both lectins tested. The relationship RLU emission versus tissue area described a linear and hyperbolic curve for IDC and fibroadenoma, respectively, using Con A whereas hyperbolic curves for both transformed tissues using PNA. RLU was abolished by inhibiting the interaction between tissues and lectins using their specific carbohydrates: methyl-α-D: -mannoside (Con A) and galactose (PNA). The intrinsic fluorescence emission did not change with combination of the lectins (Con A/PNA) to the acridinium ester for hydrophobic residues. These results represent the lectin chemiluminescence as an alternative of histochemistry method for tumoral diagnosis in the breast.

Improved microwave-mediated synthesis of 3-(3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)propionic acids and their larvicidal and fungal growth inhibitory properties.

The synthesis of 3-(3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)propionic acids from arylamidoximes and succinic anhydride under focused microwave irradiation conditions is described. The new synthetic method furnished the desired products in 2-3 min and good yields. Furthermore, the previously complicated purification procedure has been simplified in a manner which is quick, eco-friendly and cost-effective. Larvicidal bioassay and fungal growth inhibitory tests were performed using several 3-(3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)propionic acids. These acids presented strong larvicidal activity against L4 larvae of Aedes aegypti. The results suggest that larvicidal activity might be correlated with the presence of electron-withdrawing substituents in the para position of the phenyl ring except the fluorine atom. The alterations observed in the larvae spiracular valves of the siphon and anal papillae by 1,2,4-oxadiazoles in the larvicidal bioassay are responsible for larvae's death. Furthermore, all acids inhibited the fungal growth of five different types of fungi, viz., Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, F. moniliforme, F. decemcellulare and F. lateritium in a preliminary evaluation. Both of these activities are being disclosed for the first time for 1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-yl ring linked at C-3 of propionic acid.