Juan Vegue Martín (1884-ca. 1949). Del Guijuelo salmantino a la Guinea española / Juan Vegue Martín (1884-ca. 1949). From the Guijuelo’s region to Spanish Guinea

Utilizando como fuente principal la documentación conservada en los Colegios Oficiales de Farmacéuticos de Madrid y Toledo, la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, la sección de África en el Archivo General de la Administración y la prensa períodica local, en particular la impresa en Salamanca y Santa Isabel (Guinea), reconstruimos la biografía del farmacéutico Juan Vegue Martín, desde su tierra natal en la comarca salmantina de Guijuelo hasta los últimos datos conocidos, en los territorios coloniales de la Guinea Española. Una biografía que puede servir como estudio de caso para otros farmacéuticos rurales, de vida nómada, que vivieron -y sufrieron- los años de la Guerra Civil española.(AU)

Using as main source the documentation kept in the Official Colleges of Pharmacists of Madrid and Toledo, the University of Santiago de Compostela, the section of Africa in the General Archive of the Administration and the local periodical press, particularly the one printed in Salamanca and Santa Isabel (Guinea), we reconstruct the biography of the pharmacist Juan Vegue Martín, from his homeland in the Guijuelo region of Salamanca to the latest known data, in the colonial territories of Spanish Guinea. A biography that can serve as a case study for other rural pharmacists, with a nomadic life, who lived through -and suffered- the years of the Spanish Civil War.(AU)

La sombra de Buffon: en torno a la iconografía zoológica de la botica del Hospital de San Juan Bautista de Astorga / Buffon's shadow: around the zoological iconography of the pharmacy of the Hospital of San Juan Bautista de Astorga

Presentamos un análisis de la iconografía zoológica perteneciente a la botica de San Juan Bautista de Astorga, conservada en el Museo de la Farmacia Hispana de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Aun cuando la construcción de la cajonería está fechada en el siglo XVIII, el análisis iconográfico pone de manifiesto que debió ser repintada, al menos parcialmente, en el segundo tercio del XIX.(AU)

We present an analysis of the zoological iconography belonging to the pharmacy of San Juan Bautista de Astorga, preserved in the Hispanic Pharmacy Museum of the Complutense University of Madrid. Even though the construction of the chest of drawers dates from the 18th century, iconographic analysis shows that it must be repainted, at least partially, in the second third of the 19th century.(AU)

“[... ] ad agritudinem podagram [... ]”: sobre el empleo del guayaco en los comienzos del siglo XVI / “[... ] ad agritudinem podagram [... ]”: on the use of guaiac at the beginning of the 16th century

En los últimos años se ha abordado el estudio de distintas prescripciones y consejos dietéticos en lenguas vernáculas de personajes vinculados a las élites castellanas, catalanas y navarras, datados entre la segunda mitad del siglo XV y finales del XVI. Uno de los personajes estudiados es el clérigo Juan Rena, veneciano de origen, que desde principios del siglo XVI ocupó puestos de responsabilidad en la administración castellana. Nombrado capellán de la reina Juana I de Castilla en 1508, fue Rena la ‘mano derecha’ de Fernando II de Aragón en la restructuración administrativa del reino de Navarra tras su conquista en 1512. Entre la nume-rosa documentación relacionada con su persona se han localizado dos textos para tratar la gota, basado en un ingrediente procedente del Nuevo Mundo, el palosanto o guayaco, en un periodo relativamente temprano. (AU)

Sleep quality and sleep deprivation: relationship with academic performance in university students during examination period.

The beginning of the university brings together maturational, psychosocial and academic changes that make university students more prone to suffer from insufficient or poor quality sleep, which can negatively influence their academic performance. The period of taking exams is a key part of the academic year. However, there are few studies that analyze sleep during this period of time. Our aim is to study the association of sleep quality and sleep deprivation with academic performance during the examination period. A descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study was carried out with the participation of 640 subjects in the first three years of five faculties belonging to the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. The instrument used consisted of a questionnaire that included sociodemographic and academic data, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and information about the academic performance. During the examination period, a positive association was found between sleep quality and academic performance. University students slept less than desired, both on weekdays and weekends, and the sleep debt during the week was associated with a worse students' perception of their academic performance. In total, 61.3% of the students believed that their performance would improve by getting more sleep. In addition, low drowsiness and napping were also found. In conclusion, during periods of greater academic demand, an insufficient sleep and poor quality is commonly observed, affecting negatively to their academic performance. Actually, about 2/3 of our subjects believed that their performance would improve by getting more sleep.

La eutanasia en España. Análisis comparado con otros ordenamientos jurídicos del entorno comunitario / Euthanasia in Spain. Analysis compared with other legal regulations of the European Union

Tras la publicación en el Boletín Oficial del Estado de la Ley Orgánica 3/2021 de regulación de la eutanasia (BOE 25/03/2021), España se convierte en el cuarto país de la Unión Europea en despenalizar tal práctica. En el presente artículo analizamos esta norma, deteniéndonos en la introducción de la eutanasia en la cartera común de servicios del Sistema Nacional de Salud, que garantiza el acceso a la prestación. Por otra parte, realizaremos un estudio comparativo de otros ordenamientos jurídicos del entorno comunitario en los que esta práctica está permitida o penalizada. (AU)

The publication of Organic Law 3/2021 regulating euthanasia (BOE 03.25.2021), converted Spain in the fourth country in the European Union to decriminalize such practice. In this article we analyze this rule and the introduction of euthanasia in the Health Service of the Spanish National Health System, which guarantees access to the provision. On the other hand, we will carry out a comparative study of other legal systems in the European Union in which this practice is allowed or penalized. (AU)

Distribución geográfica de la industria farmacéutica madrileña durante el Franquismo / Geographical distribution of the pharmaceutical industry from Madrid during Francoism

Este estudio analiza la influencia de los planes urbanísticos, de ordenación del territorio y de descongestión industrial, trazados tanto por el Ayuntamiento de Madrid como por el Gobierno de la Nación, sobre la localización de la industria farmacéutica instalada en la ciudad de Madrid y su entorno provincial, lo que nos lleva a valorar las coincidencias y las singularidades de este tipo de industria respecto del resto de establecimientos que vertebraron el espacio industrial madrileño durante el Franquismo. (AU)

This paper analyzes the influence of the urban planning, territorial planning and industrial decongestion plans, drawn up both by the Madrid’s City Council and by the Government of the Nation, on the location of the pharmaceutical industry installed in the city of Madrid and its provincial environment, which leads us to assess the coincidences and singularities of this type of industry with respect to the rest of the establishments that formed the backbone of Madrid’s industrial space during the Franco regime. (AU)

Effects of an Optimized Aged Garlic Extract on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Moderate Hypercholesterolemic Subjects: A Randomized, Crossover, Double-Blind, Sustainedand Controlled Study.

The consumption of aged black garlic (ABG) has been related to improvements in several cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. However, the extent of the beneficial effects depends on the garlic aging process and the amount and type of chemical compounds accumulated. The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of daily intake of a well-characterized ABG extract with a standardized S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) yield in combination with dietary recommendations regarding CVD risk factors in individuals with moderate hypercholesterolemia. Sixty-seven hypercholesterolemic individuals with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels ≥115 mg/dL were randomized in a crossover, double-blind, sustained, and controlled intervention study. The participants consumed 250 mg (1.25 mg SAC)/tablet/day ABG or a placebo for 6 weeks, with 3 weeks of washout. Blood and pulse pressure and other CVD risk biomarkers were determined at the beginning and end of each intervention. At 6 weeks, ABG extract reduced diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (mean (95% CI) −5.85 (−10.5; −1.3) mm Hg) compared to the placebo, particularly in men with a DBP > 75 mm Hg. The consumption of an improved ABG extract with 1.25 mg of SAC decreased DBP, particularly in men with moderate hypercholesterolemia. The potential beneficial effects of ABG may contribute to obtaining an optimal DBP.

Anilinas vs. organofosforados: la implicación de la empresa Bayer en las polémicas en torno al Síndrome del Aceite Tóxico / Anilines vs. organophosphates: the involvement of the Bayer company in the controversies surrounding the Toxic Oil Syndrome

La aparición de la intoxicación alimentaria en España en el año 1981, causante del Síndrome del Aceite Tóxico, unido a la imposibilidad de encontrar la toxina responsable de la enfermedad, potenció la posibilidad de señalar otros agentes causales, en particular un pesticida organofosforado de la casa Bayer, Nemacur. Se desarrolló así una línea alternativa a la decisión oficial, liderada por los médicos Antonio Muro y Luís Frontela, particularmente defendida, en España, por la empresa editorial Grupo 16. La polémica traspasó las fronteras españolas y se difundió a través de los medios de comunicación alemanes; los miembros del grupo político Los Verdes/Die Grünen tuvieron especial interés en servir de amplificador a estas suposiciones. La llegada de esta ola de acusaciones a Alemania, a principios de febrero de 1985, fue el detonante que alarmó a la empresa Bayer y le obligó a dar explicaciones para evitar poner en peligro la imagen corporativa de la multinacional química de Leverkusen. La documentación conservada en los archivos de la empresa alemana aporta nueva luz sobre esta polémica (AU)

La eutanasia en España. Análisis comparado con otros ordenamientos jurídicos del entorno comunitario / Euthanasia in Spain. Analysis compared with other legal regulations of the European Union

Tras la publicación en el Boletín Oficial del Estado de la Ley Orgánica 3/2021 de regulación de la eutanasia (BOE 25/03/2021), España se convierte en el cuarto país de la Unión Europea en despenalizar tal práctica. En el presente artículo analizamos esta norma, deteniéndonos en la introducción de la eutanasia en la cartera común de servicios del Sistema Nacional de Salud, que garantiza el acceso a la prestación. Por otra parte, realizaremos un estudio comparativo de otros ordenamientos jurídicos del entorno comunitario en los que esta práctica está permitida o penalizada.(AU)

The publication of Organic Law 3/2021 regulating euthanasia (BOE 03.25.2021), converted Spain in the fourth country in the European Union to decriminalize such practice. In this article we analyze this rule and the introduction of euthanasia in the Health Service of the Spanish National Health System, which guarantees access to the provision. On the other hand, we will carry out a comparative study of other legal systems in the European Union in which this practice is allowed or penalized.(AU)

Acromial type in Brazilian young adults: a radiological study / Tipo acromial em adultos jovens brasileiros: um estudo radiológico

Introduction: curved and hooked acromia play a key role in shoulder impingement syndrome. Little is known about acromial type in the Brazilian population. Aim: To describe the acromial profile of Brazilian young adults; to evaluate its correlation with gender and handedness and the occurrence of symmetry between the genders. Methodology: forty acromia in 20 Brazilian adults of both genders, aged 21-25 years, were studied. The acromial type was classified through the Bigliani/Epstein method using radiographs in supraspinatus outlet view. Results: as there was no gender difference in occurrences of acromial type, we considered the male and female groups together. Thus, among the 20 right acromia, we found 5 type I (25%), 8 type II (40%) and 7 type III (35%). Among the 20 left acromia, we found 4 type I (20%), 11 type II (55%) and 5 type III (25%). The only left-handed volunteer (100%) presented acromial type III in both the right and the left shoulder. Among the 19 right-handed volunteers, 5 (26.3%) presented right acromion type I, 8 (42.1%) had type II and 6 (31.6%) had type III; for the left acromion, 4 (21.1%) presented type I, 11 (57.9%) had type II and 4 (21.1%) had type III. Acromial symmetry occurred in 60% of females and 70% of males. Conclusion: type II acromion was predominant, in both the right and the left shoulder in Brazilian young adults. There was no correlation between acromial type and gender. It was not possible to analyze the correlation between acromial type and handedness. Acromial type tended to be symmetrical in our sample.

Introdução: o acrômio curvo e gancho desempenham um papel fundamental na Síndrome do impacto do ombro. Pouco se sabe sobre o tipo acromial na população brasileira. Objetivo: descrever o perfil do tipo acromial em adultos jovens brasileiros e avaliar sua correlação com o gênero e a lateralidade e a ocorrência de simetria entre os sexos. Metodologia: foram estudados 40 acrômios de 20 adultos brasileiros, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 21 e 25 anos. O tipo acromial foi classificado pelo método de Bigliani/ Epstein nas radiografias de perfil de escápula. Resultados: como não houve diferença na ocorrência do tipo acromial quanto ao gênero, consideramos os grupos masculino e feminino juntos. Assim, dos 20 acrômios direitos, foram encontrados 5 (25%) do tipo I, 8 (40%) do tipo II e 7 (35%) do tipo III, enquanto que dos 20 acrômios esquerdos, foram encontrados 4 (20%) tipo I, 11 (55%) tipo II e 5 (25%) tipo III. O único voluntário canhoto (100%) apresentou para o ombro direito e esquerdo o tipo acromial III. Dos 19 voluntários destros, 5 (26,3%) apresentavam acrômio direito tipo I, 8 (42,1%) tipo II e 6 (31,6%) tipo III; para o acrômio esquerdo, 4 (21,1%) apresentavam tipo I, 11 (57,9%) tipo II e 4 (21,1%) tipo III. A simetria acromial ocorreu nos grupos feminino (60%) e masculino (70%). Conclusão: o acrômio tipo II foi o mais predominante para os ombros direito e esquerdo em adultos jovens brasileiros. Não houve correlação entre o tipo de acromial e o gênero. Não foi possível analisar a correlação entre o tipo acromial e a lateralidade. O tipo acromial tende a ser simétrico em na amostra estudada.

Effects of Obligate Heterofermentative Lactic Acid Bacteria Alone or in Combination on the Conservation of Sugarcane Silage.

Our objective was to determine the effects of two strains of obligate heterofermentative bacteria, alone or in combination, on the fermentation profile, gas production kinetics, chemical composition, and aerobic stability of sugarcane silage. A plot of sugarcane was manually harvested, mechanically chopped and treated with: distilled water (5 mL kg-1; Control), Lentilactobacillus hilgardii CNCM I-4785 [3 × 105 colony-forming units (cfu) g-1; LH], Lentilactobacillus buchneri NCIMB 40788 (3 × 105 cfu g-1; LB), and LH+LB (1.5 × 105 cfu g-1 of each strain). Treated forages were packed into 1.96-L gas-tight silos (0.40 porosity) and stored at 25 ± 1.5°C for 70 days (4 replicates per treatment). All heterolactic inoculants were effective to increase acetic acid concentration and inhibit yeast metabolism, as treated silages had lower formation of ethanol, ethyl esters and gas during fermentation. Lower fungal development spared soluble carbohydrates, consequently resulting in silages with higher in vitro digestibility. Nevertheless, L. buchneri was the most effective strain to extend the aerobic stability of sugarcane silage (based on both temperature and pH rise). The use of L. buchneri alone or in combination with L. hilgardii, applied at 3 × 105 cfu g-1, is a feasible strategy to inhibit yeast metabolism and increase the nutritional quality of sugarcane silage.

Effects of protein source and lipid supplementation on conservation and feed value of total mixed ration silages for finishing beef cattle.

The objective of this study was to examine the conservation process and feed value of total mixed ration (TMR) silages. In exp. 1, we evaluated the fermentation pattern and aerobic stability of TMR silages containing different protein and lipid supplementations. In exp. 2, we compared the performance of finishing beef heifers fed those TMR silages. In both experiments, treatments were as follows: ensiled TMR with urea (U); ensiled TMR without a protein supplement at ensiling, but soybean meal supplemented at feeding to balance diet crude protein (CP) in exp. 2 (SMnf; where the acronym nf indicates nonfermented); ensiled TMR with soybean meal (SM); and ensiled TMR with rolled soybean grain (SG). Thirty-two Nellore heifers (313 ± 8.8 kg shrunk body weight [SBW]) were blocked by initial SBW, housed in individual pens, and enrolled in exp. 2 for 82 d. In exp. 1, treatment without a protein supplement (SMnf) had a lower content of CP, soluble CP, NH3-N, pH, and Clostridium count compared with U (P ≤ 0.03). Lactic acid concentrations tended to be reduced for SMnf compared with U (P = 0.09). Ethanol concentration was reduced in SG compared with SM (P < 0.01). 1,2-Propanediol concentration was increased in SMnf compared with U (P < 0.01), reduced in SM compared with SMnf (P = 0.02), and increased in SG compared with SM (P = 0.02). Dry matter (DM) loss during fermentation was low and similar among treatments (~3.7%). All silages remained stable during 10 d of aerobic exposure after feed out. Considering fermentation traits, such as pH (≤4.72), NH3-N (<10% of N, except for U treatment), butyric acid (<0.05 % DM), and DM losses (<3.70% DM), all silages can be considered well conserved. In exp. 2, diets were isonitrogenous because soybean meal was added to SMnf before feeding. Compared with SM, cattle fed SG made more meals per day (P = 0.04) and tended to have a decreased intermeal interval (P = 0.09). DM intake, average daily gain, final SBW, hot carcass weight, Biceps femoris fat thickness, and serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol were increased for SG compared with SM (P ≤ 0.05). In brief, TMR silages exhibited an adequate fermentation pattern and high aerobic stability. The supplementation of true protein did not improve animal performance, whereas the addition of soybean grain as a lipid source improved the performance of finishing cattle fed TMR silages.

Effects of processing, moisture, and storage length on the fermentation profile, particle size, and ruminal disappearance of reconstituted corn grain.

Our objective was to examine the effects of processing, moisture, and anaerobic storage length of reconstituted corn grain (RCG) on the fermentation profile, geometric mean particle size (GMPS), and ruminal dry matter disappearance (DMD). Dry corn kernels were ground (hammer mill, 5-mm screen) or rolled, then rehydrated to 30%, 35%, or 40% moisture, and stored for 0, 14, 30, 60, 90, 120, or 180 d in laboratory silos. Rolled corn had an increased GMPS compared with ground corn (2.24 and 1.13 mm, respectively, at ensiling). However, there was a trend for an interaction between processing and moisture concentration to affect particle size, with GMPS increasing with increased moisture concentration, especially in ground corn. Longer storage periods also slightly increased GMPS. Processing, moisture, and storage length interacted to affect the fermentation pattern (two- or three-way interactions). Overall, pH decreased, whereas lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, and NH3-N increased with storage length. RCG with 30% moisture had less lactic acid than corn with 35% and 40% moisture, indicating that fermentation might have been curtailed and also due to the clostridial fermentation that converts lactic acid to butyric acid. Ensiling reconstituted ground corn with 30% of moisture led to greater concentrations of ethanol and butyric acid, resulting in greater DM loss than grain rehydrated to 35% or 40% of moisture. Ammonia-N and in situ ruminal DMD were highest for reconstituted ground corn with 35% or 40% of moisture, mainly after 60 d of storage. Therefore, longer storage periods and greater moisture contents did not offset the negative effect of greater particle size on the in situ ruminal DMD of rolled RCG. Nonetheless, RCG should be ensiled with more than 30% moisture and stored for at least 2 mo to improve the ruminal DMD and reduce the formation of ethanol and butyric acid.

Antibacterial and antifungal activity of crude and freeze-dried bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance produced by Pediococcus pentosaceus.

Pediococcus pentosaceus LBM 18 has shown potential as producer of an antibacterial and antifungal bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS). BLIS inhibited the growth of spoilage bacteria belonging to Lactobacillus, Enterococcus and Listeria genera with higher activity than Nisaplin used as control. It gave rise to inhibition halos with diameters from 9.70 to 20.00 mm, with Lactobacillus sakei being the most sensitive strain (13.50-20.00 mm). It also effectively suppressed the growth of fungi isolated from corn grain silage for up to 25 days and impaired morphology of colonies by likely affecting fungal membranes. These results point out that P. pentosaceus BLIS may be used as a new promising alternative to conventional antibacterial and antifungal substances, with potential applications in agriculture and food industry as a natural bio-controlling agent. Moreover, cytotoxicity and cell death induction tests demonstrated cytotoxicity and toxicity of BLIS to human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2cells but not to peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with suggests possible applications of BLIS also in medical-pharmaceutical applications.

Sueño y rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios: revisión sistemática / Sleep and academic performance in university students: a systematic review

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los estudiantes universitarios tienden a padecer problemas de regularidad, cantidad y calidad de sueño, que pueden afectar a su rendimiento académico. Estos problemas se relacionan con cambios propios de la fase del ciclo vital en la que se encuentran debido a diversos factores: madurativos, del desarrollo psicosocial (asociados con los procesos de individuación y socialización) y académicos. El estudio de la relación entre el sueño y el rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios es un área de investigación de interés creciente, que ha empezado a ser objeto de estudio en las últimas dos décadas. OBJETIVO: Revisión sistemática de la bibliografía existente sobre la relación del sueño y el rendimiento académico en los estudiantes universitarios. SUJETOS Y MÉTODOS: Se seleccionaron los artículos recogidos en la base de datos PubMed, siguiendo las directrices PRISMA. Se incluyeron los estudios que valoraban muestras de sujetos con una edad media entre 18 y 26 años, publicados en inglés o castellano, durante el período 2000-2019. Posteriormente, se evaluó la calidad de los artículos seleccionados siguiendo la normativa STROBE. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 30 estudios, que fueron agrupados según distintos aspectos del sueño: somnolencia, duración, experiencia de privación total de sueño, calidad de sueño, cronotipo, regularidad y trastornos del sueño. CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados de estos estudios sugieren que un sueño inadecuado afecta negativamente al rendimiento académico de los estudiantes universitarios

INTRODUCTION: University students tend to suffer from problems of sleep regularity, quantity and quality, which can affect their academic performance. These problems are related to changes typical of the phase of the life cycle in which they find themselves due to maturational, psychosocial development (associated with the processes of individuation and socialisation) and academic factors. The study of the relationship between sleep and academic performance in university students is an area of research of growing interest, which has started to be studied over the last two decades. AIM: To conduct a systematic review of the existing literature on the relationship between sleep and academic performance in university students. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The articles included in the PubMed database were selected, following the PRISMA guidelines. Studies evaluating samples of subjects with an average age between 18 and 26 years, published in English or Spanish during the period 2000-2019 were included. Subsequently, the quality of the selected articles was evaluated according to the STROBE standard. RESULTS: Thirty studies were identified, which were grouped according to different aspects of sleep: drowsiness, duration, experience of total sleep deprivation, sleep quality, chronotype, regularity and sleep disorders. CONCLUSION. The results of these studies suggest that inadequate sleep has a negative effect on the academic performance of university students

New Global Referencing Approach in a Camera-LCD Micro Positioning System.

In any precision manufacturing process, positioning systems play a very important role in achieving a quality product. As a new approach to current systems, camera-LCD positioning systems are a new technology that can provide substantial improvements enabling better accuracy and repeatability. However, in order to provide stability to the system a global positioning system is required. This paper presents an improvement of a positioning system based on the treatment of images on an LCD in which a new algorithm with absolute reference has been implemented. The method is based on basic geometry and linear algebra applied to computer vision. The algorithm determines the spiral center using an image taken at any point. Consequently, the system constantly knows its position and does not lose its reference. Several modifications of the algorithm are proposed and compared. The simulation and test of the algorithm provide an important improvement in the reliability and stability of the positioning system providing errors of microns for the calculation of the global position used by the algorithm.

Description of frail older people profiles according to four screening tools applied in primary care settings: a cross sectional analysis.

BACKGROUND: Regarding the health care of older populations, WHO recommends shifting from disease-driven attention models towards a personalized, integrated and continuous care aimed to the maintenance and enhancement of functional capacities. Impairments in the construct of functional intrinsic capacity have been understood as the condition of frailty or vulnerability. No consensus has been yet reached regarding which tools are the most suitable for screening this kind of patients in primary care settings. Tools based on the measurement of functional performance such as Timed up and go test (TUG), Short Physical Performance battery (SPPB), self-completed questionnaires like Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) and clinical judgement, as the Gerontopole Frailty Scale (GFS) may be adequate. The objective of this work is to describe and compare characteristics of community-dwelling individuals identified as vulnerable or frail by four tools applied in primary care settings. METHODS: Cross sectional analysis developed in primary care services in two regions of Spain. Community-dwelling independent individuals aged 70 or more willing to participate were recruited and data was collected via face-to-face interviews. Frailty was assessed by TUG, SPPB, TFI and GFST. Also socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits and health status data (comorbidities, polypharmacy, self-perceived health), were collected. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and cluster analysis were used to identify groups of individuals with similar characteristics. RESULTS: Eight hundred sixty-five individuals were recruited, 53% women, with a mean age of 78 years. Four clusters of participants emerge. Cluster 1 (N = 263) contained patients categorized as robust by most of the studied tools, whereas clusters 2 (N = 199), 3 (N = 183) and 4 (N = 220) grouped patients classified as frail or vulnerable by at least one of the tools. Significant differences were found between clusters. CONCLUSIONS: The assessed tools identify different profiles of patients according to their theoretical construct of frailty. There is a group of patients that are identified by TUG and SPPB but not by GFS or TFI. These tools may be useful in primary care settings for the implementation of a function- driven clinical care of older patients.

Distribución geográfica de la industria farmacéutica madrileña durante el Franquismo / Geographical distribution of the pharmaceutical industry from Madrid during Francoism

Este estudio analiza la influencia de los planes urbanísticos, de ordenación del territorio y de descongestión industrial, trazados tanto por el Ayuntamiento de Madrid como por el Gobierno de la Nación, sobre la localización de la industria farmacéutica instalada en la ciudad de Madrid y su entorno provincial, lo que nos lleva a valorar las coincidencias y las singularidades de este tipo de industria respecto del resto de establecimientos que vertebraron el espacio industrial madrileño durante el Franquismo

This paper analyzes the influence of the urban planning, territorial planning and industrial decongestion plans, drawn up both by the Madrid’s City Council and by the Government of the Nation, on the location of the pharmaceutical industry installed in the city of Madrid and its provincial environment, which leads us to assess the coincidences and singularities of this type of industry with respect to the rest of the establishments that formed the backbone of Madrid's industrial space during the Franco regime

Use of live yeast and mannan-oligosaccharides in grain-based diets for cattle: Ruminal parameters, nutrient digestibility, and inflammatory response.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of diet supplementation with live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) on ruminal parameters, nutrient digestibility, and the inflammatory response in cattle fed grain-based diets. Three Holstein steers (body weight of 497±3 kg) with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were assigned to a 3 × 3 Latin square design. The animals were kept in individual pens and fed a diet containing 5% sugarcane bagasse and 95% concentrate (906.5 g/kg ground corn). Diet treatments were Control (without additive), Yeast (1.5 g/kg DM live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, NCYC 996) and MOS (1.5 g/kg DM MOS, ß-glucans and mannan). Dry matter intake, ruminal, intestinal, and total digestibility of nutrients were not affected by the treatments. The ruminal concentration of isobutyric acid increased in animals fed on diets supplemented with Yeast and MOS, whereas isovaleric acid increased with Yeast and decreased with MOS supplementation. Dietary supplementation with Yeast and MOS increased pH and decreased ammonia concentration in the rumen. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations in the rumen and duodenal fluid were not influenced by the additives. However, both Yeast and MOS decreased the plasma levels of LPS and serum amyloid A (SAA). In conclusion, when high-concentrate diets fed to beef cattle are supplemented with either Yeast or MOS, ruminal pH is increased, LPS translocation into the blood stream is decreased, and blood SAA concentration is decreased. These factors reduce the inflammation caused by consumption of grain-based diets, and either supplement could be used to improve the rumen environment in beef cattle susceptible to ruminal subacute acidosis.