Dataset for the life-cycle assessment of the Basque Y high-speed rail line in Spain.

This dataset presents a detailed description of the data and information used in the life-cycle assessment (LCA) of the Basque Y HSR line, which is a high-performance line for mixed traffic still under construction in 2023 (190 km). The LCI data presented in this paper support the original research carried out on whether the construction of the Basque Y HSR line infrastructure is justified in terms of reducing environmental impacts and energy consumption [1]. Life-cycle inventory (LCI) data related to the construction and maintenance phases of the infrastructure was collected using Google Earth tool following the information from stakeholder AHT gelditu [2], including the length of each item (bridges, tunnels, earthworks, railway tracks); and complemented with data obtained from the LCA carried out by Tuchschmid et al. [3]. LCI data associated with the operation phase of the infrastructure was built on passenger data for the years 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2049 available in ADIF [4], and freight data for the period of 2023-2050 available in the report by ADIF and the Basque Government [5]. Environmental impacts for transport modes were obtained from the ecoinvent v3.7 database [6,7] and processed with openLCA software [8]. Life-cycle impact assessment (LCIA) results gathered in the dataset include Global Warming (GWP100a), Cumulative Energy Demand and total emissions for PM10, SO2, NOX and NMVOC. Access to the explanation of these data allows any reader to reproduce the calculations of the main project and may be used as a baseline for future studies on transport economics too.

Dataset on the environmental and social footprint of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU.

The organisational life cycle assessment (O-LCA) and the social organisational life cycle assessment (SO-LCA) of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU were conducted. The data presented in this paper support the calculation of the environmental and social footprint of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU for year 2016 [1], and may be used as a reference for future calculations of the environmental and social footprint of higher education institutions and other organisations. This dataset provides detailed information on the UPV/EHU and the boundaries considered; on the compilation and quantification of the life cycle inventory (LCI) -which included a transport survey conducted in summer 2018-; and on the modelling process followed for the calculation of the environmental and social footprints, based on the ecoinvent 3.3 database [2] and PSILCA-based Soca v1 add-on [3, 4], and carried out with the openLCA free software [5]. The dataset also includes the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) results provided by the CML (baseline, 2015) [6] and ReCiPe (endpoint (H), 2008) [7] LCIA methods and post-processed social impacts provided by the Social Impacts Weighting Method [3], disaggregated by subprocesses and impact locations. Data is provided for the reference year (2016), and some aggregated data is also provided for alternative scenarios that were explored in order to check pathways to reduce social and environmental impacts of the academic activity of the UPV/EHU [1].

Dataset for the life cycle assessment of the high speed rail network in Spain.

A life cycle assessment (LCA) of the Spanish high speed rail (HSR) network in service in 2016 (2583 km) was conducted. Life cycle inventory (LCI) data related to the construction and maintenance phases of the infrastructure was collected using Google Earth tool, and complemented with data obtained from the LCA carried out by Tuchschmid et al. [1]. LCI data associated with the operation phase of the infrastructure was built on available fragmentary data on passenger movements for the year 2016 [2-4], processed with a python algorithm to estimate the transport service provided by the infrastructure. Environmental impacts for transport modes were obtained from Ecoinvent v3.7 database [5,6] and processed with openLCA software [7]. Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) results gathered in the dataset include Global Warming (GWP100a), Cumulative Energy Demand and total emissions for PM10, SO2, NOX and NMVOC. This dataset presents a detailed description of the Spanish HSR network, including the length of each item (bridges, tunnels, earthworks, railway tracks), and a robust estimation of passenger transport over the infrastructure for year 2016. The LCI data presented in this paper support the original research done on whether the construction of Spanish HSR network infrastructure is justified in terms of reducing environmental impacts and energy consumption [8], and may be used as a baseline for future studies on transport economics.

Design and synthesis of a series of melamine-based nitroheterocycles with activity against Trypanosomatid parasites.

The parasites that give rise to human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are auxotrophs for various nutrients from the human host, including purines. They have specialist nucleoside transporters to import these metabolites. In addition to uptake of purine nucleobases and purine nucleosides, one of these transporters, the P2 transporter, can carry melamine derivatives; these derivatives are not substrates for the corresponding mammalian transporters. In this paper, we report the coupling of the melamine moiety to selected nitro heterocycles with the aim of selectively delivering these compounds to the parasites. Some compounds prepared have similar in vitro trypanocidal activities as melarsoprol, the principal drug used against late-stage HAT, with 50% growth inhibitory concentrations in the submicromolar range. Selected compounds were also evaluated in vivo in rodent models infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei and T. brucei rhodesiense and showed pronounced activity and in two cases were curative without overt signs of toxicity. Compounds were also tested against other trypanosomatid pathogens, Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma cruzi, and significant activity in vitro was noted for T. cruzi against which various nitro heterocycles are already registered for use.

Trypanocidal activity of melamine-based nitroheterocycles.

A series of nitroheterocyclic compounds were designed with linkages to melamine or benzamidine groups that are known substrates of the P2 aminopurine and other transporters in African trypanosomes of the brucei group. Several compounds showed in vitro trypanotoxicity with 50% inhibitory concentrations in the submicromolar range. Although most compounds interacted with the P2 transporter, as judged by their ability to inhibit adenosine transport via this carrier, uptake through this route was not necessary for activity since TbAT1-null mutant parasites, deficient in this transporter, retained sensitivity to these drugs. One compound, a melamine-linked nitrofuran, also showed pronounced activity against parasites in mice. Studies into the mode of action of this compound indicated that neither reductive, nor oxidative, stress were related to its trypanocidal activity ruling out a genotoxic effect in T. brucei, distinguishing it from some other, mammalian cell toxic, trypanocidal nitroheterocycles.