RESUMEN
Histological and morphometric studies of brain autopsy material showed that the development of hypoxic changes in miners starts at the early stages of working in the dusty atmosphere. Edema of the pericellular and perivascular zones and the pia mater, degenerative changes in some nerve cells and even their loss and formation of gliosis foci were identified. The revealed changes in neurons progressed with increasing the duration of working under hazardous conditions.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/patología , Carbón Mineral/efectos adversos , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Adulto , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/efectos adversos , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/toxicidad , Autopsia , Encéfalo/irrigación sanguínea , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Circulación Cerebrovascular/efectos de los fármacos , Carbón Mineral/toxicidad , Minas de Carbón , Polvo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Exposición Profesional/análisis , Federación de Rusia , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Adaptive correction of structural and metabolic disturbances in the lungs caused by longterm exposure to coal-rock dust were studied in experiments on rats. It was shown that the complex antioxidant preparation containing dihydroquercetin compensated disturbances in the redox balance in the lung tissue, prevented the formation of dust granulomas, and reduced the severity of degenerative changes in the bronchopulmonary system.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Carbón Mineral/efectos adversos , Radicales Libres/antagonistas & inhibidores , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Granuloma/prevención & control , Quercetina/análogos & derivados , Administración Oral , Alanina Transaminasa/genética , Alanina Transaminasa/metabolismo , Animales , Animales no Consanguíneos , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/genética , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/metabolismo , Catalasa/genética , Catalasa/metabolismo , Esquema de Medicación , Polvo , Radicales Libres/metabolismo , Granuloma/etiología , Granuloma/genética , Granuloma/patología , Proteínas del Choque Térmico HSP72/genética , Proteínas del Choque Térmico HSP72/metabolismo , Hemo Oxigenasa (Desciclizante)/genética , Hemo Oxigenasa (Desciclizante)/metabolismo , Hidroxibutirato Deshidrogenasa/genética , Hidroxibutirato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/genética , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/metabolismo , Exposición por Inhalación/efectos adversos , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/metabolismo , Pulmón/patología , Masculino , Oxidación-Reducción , Tamaño de la Partícula , Quercetina/farmacología , Ratas , Superóxido Dismutasa/genética , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
The paper reviews literature on the current aspects of the diagnosis and expert appraisal of focal osteoplastic masses in the lung upon dust exposure to dust factors. It considers different aspects of the pathogenesis of osteoplastic changes in the tissue structural elements of pulmonary histione. Current views on the prevalence, etiology, and pathogenesis, as well as morphological changes in the development of this abnormality, its association with the dust damaging effects of human activities are reflected.
Asunto(s)
Polvo , Enfermedades Pulmonares , Mineros/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades Profesionales , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Humanos , Enfermedades Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Pulmonares/etiología , Enfermedades Pulmonares/patología , Enfermedades Profesionales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/patologíaRESUMEN
The studies revealed specificity of morphologic changes in target organs, depending on acting occupational hazard. Evidences are that inhalation of coal rock dust causes irreversible sclerotic and degenerative changes mostly in lungs and bronchi even on 6th week of the experiment. In liver, changes in parenchyma and stroma are controlled by reparative processes by 9th week. Accumulation of sodium fluoride in the body causes irreversible necrotic changes mostly in liver, on 6th week of the intoxication. With that, morphologic changes in lungs and bronchi are minor, characterized by immune inflammation with degenerative changes only after the 9th week. Irrespective of the acting hazard, vascular changes are characterized by media and intima hypertrophy with endothelial dystrophy and hyalinosis since the 6th week of the experiment.
Asunto(s)
Carbón Mineral/toxicidad , Fluoruros/toxicidad , Exposición por Inhalación/efectos adversos , Hígado , Pulmón , Animales , Antracosilicosis/patología , Polvo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/patología , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/patología , Masculino , Necrosis , Enfermedades Profesionales/patología , RatasRESUMEN
The authors studied intracellular liver protective mechanisms in development of chronic fluorine intoxication. Findings are that synthesis of protective proteins HIF-1α, HOx-1, HOx-2 and HSP72, restricting free radical oxidation in hepatocytes increased in liver at early stages (1-3 weeks) of exposure to fluorine. At late terms of chronic fluorine intoxication (6-12 weeks), damaging effects of fluorine result from its genotixicity - ability to suppress synthesis of intracellular protective proteins and enzymes of main metabolic cycles in liver.