[Oral hygiene habits. Results of a population-based study].

Oral pathologies, in addition to being highly prevalent, have a systemic impact that can be prevented by regularly eliminating the dental biofilm. This population-based, cross-sectional study analysed the oral hygiene habits of 3,289 adults through community surveys in the four provincial capitals of Galicia between March 2015 and June 2016. Sex, level of periodontal awareness, education, tobacco habit, frequency of visits to the dentist and level of oral hygiene were registered according to the use of oral hygiene products and the frequency of their use. Oral hygiene was limited to brushing their teeth once a day in 86% of those surveyed, while regular interdental hygiene was a minority practice. The variables associated with good habits were periodontal awareness, frequent visits to the dentist, being a woman and a high educational level. Oral self-care is insufficient, especially in interdental hygiene, which justifies the need for educational interventions in the community.

Hábitos de higiene oral. Resultados de un estudio poblacional / Oral hygiene habits. Results of a population-based study

Las patologías orales, además de muy prevalentes, tienen un impacto sistémico que puede prevenirse eliminando regularmente el biofilm dental. Este estudio transversal de base poblacional analizó los hábitos de higiene oral referidos por 3.289 adultos mediante encuestas comunitarias en las cuatro capitales de Galicia entre marzo de 2015 y junio de 2016. Se registró sexo, nivel de alerta periodontal, nivel de estudios, hábito tabáquico, régimen de visitas odontológicas y nivel de higiene oral según el uso de elementos de higiene oral y su frecuencia de uso. La higiene oral se limitó al cepillado dental al menos una vez al día en el 86% de los encuestados, siendo minoritaria la higiene interdental regular. Las variables asociadas a buenos hábitos fueron la alerta periodontal, las visitas odontológicas frecuentes, ser mujer, y alto nivel educativo. Los autocuidados orales son inadecuados, especialmente en higiene interdental, lo que justifica la necesidad de intervenciones educativas de ámbito comunitario

Oral pathologies, in addition to being highly prevalent, have a systemic impact that can be prevented by regularly eliminating the dental biofilm. This population-based, cross-sectional study analysed the oral hygiene habits of 3,289 adults through community surveys in the four provincial capitals of Galicia between March 2015 and June 2016. Sex, level of periodontal awareness, education, tobacco habit, frequency of visits to the dentist and level of oral hygiene were registered according to the use of oral hygiene products and the frequency of their use. Oral hygiene was limited to brushing their teeth once a day in 86% of those surveyed, while regular interdental hygiene was a minority practice. The variables associated with good habits were periodontal awareness, frequent visits to the dentist, being a woman and a high educational level. Oral self-care is insufficient, especially in interdental hygiene, which justifies the need for educational interventions in the community

Perfil del médico de familia que accede a plazas con tutoría docente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria mediante concurso de traslados en Galicia / Profile of the Family Doctor who gains access to positions with teaching tutorship of Family and Community Medicine by means of relocation examination in Galicia

OBJETIVO: Analizar el perfil de los médicos de familia que accedieron a plazas, tanto del cupo general como reservadas para tutores de medicina familiar y comunitaria, mediante concurso de traslados. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional descriptivo. Se establecieron 2 grupos de comparación: en el grupo No Docencia se incluyeron médicos de familia que no solicitaron o no accedieron a plazas de tutoría y en el grupo Docencia, a los que accedieron a plazas reservadas para tutoría. La información se obtuvo de las puntuaciones del concurso de traslados realizado en Galicia en 2018. Se incluyeron 426 médicos de familia que se inscribieron en el concurso: 301 mujeres (70,7%) y 125 hombres (29,3%). Las variables fueron la obtención de plaza con reserva para tutores, el género y los méritos considerados en el concurso: experiencia profesional, formación, publicaciones científicas y lengua gallega. Se utilizaron las pruebas estadísticas no paramétricas de Mann-Whitney y de Kruskal-Wallis, al comprobar la distribución no normal. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la distribución por géneros a favor de los hombres en el grupo Docencia frente al No Docencia, con una p < 0,01. El grupo Docencia obtuvo mejores resultados en formación y publicaciones. Las mujeres obtuvieron resultados estadísticamente significativos a su favor en la variable formación y los hombres en la experiencia. CONCLUSIONES: Para la elección de las plazas docentes en el concurso, las publicaciones y la formación tuvieron un peso importante, pero, teniendo en cuenta una perspectiva de género, un menor porcentaje de mujeres han accedido a las plazas docentes por tener menor puntuación en la categoría de experiencia

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the profile of Family Doctors who gain access to positions, both to the general quota, as well those reserved for teaching tutors of Family and Community Medicine, by means of a relocation competition. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive observational study was conducted in which 2 comparison groups were established: A Non-Teaching group that did not include Family Doctors who did not request or gain access to tutor positions, and a Teaching group with those that gained access to positions reserved for tutors. The information was obtained from the marks of the relocation competition carried out in Galicia in 2018. A total of 426 General Practitioners that entered the examination were included, of which 301 were female (70.7%) and 125 (29.3%) males. The variables were the obtaining of a position reserved for tutor, gender, and the merits considered in the competition: professional experience, training, scientific publications, and Galician language. The non-parametric statistics tests of Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis were used, after checking for non-normal distribution. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found in the distribution by gender in favour of males in the Teaching group compared to the Non-Teaching group (P<.01). The Teaching group obtained better results in training and publications. The females obtained statistically significant results in their favour in the training variable, and the males in experience. CONCLUSIONS: For the choice of teaching places in relocation interviews and examinations, publications and training had an important weighting; but, taking the gender perspective into account, a lower percentage of women had gained access to teaching positions due to having lower score in the experience category

[Profile of the Family Doctor who gains access to positions with teaching tutorship of Family and Community Medicine by means of relocation examination in Galicia]. / Perfil del médico de familia que accede a plazas con tutoría docente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria mediante concurso de traslados en Galicia.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the profile of Family Doctors who gain access to positions, both to the general quota, as well those reserved for teaching tutors of Family and Community Medicine, by means of a relocation competition. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive observational study was conducted in which 2 comparison groups were established: A Non-Teaching group that did not include Family Doctors who did not request or gain access to tutor positions, and a Teaching group with those that gained access to positions reserved for tutors. The information was obtained from the marks of the relocation competition carried out in Galicia in 2018. A total of 426 General Practitioners that entered the examination were included, of which 301 were female (70.7%) and 125 (29.3%) males. The variables were the obtaining of a position reserved for tutor, gender, and the merits considered in the competition: professional experience, training, scientific publications, and Galician language. The non-parametric statistics tests of Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis were used, after checking for non-normal distribution. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found in the distribution by gender in favour of males in the Teaching group compared to the Non-Teaching group (P<.01). The Teaching group obtained better results in training and publications. The females obtained statistically significant results in their favour in the training variable, and the males in experience. CONCLUSIONS: For the choice of teaching places in relocation interviews and examinations, publications and training had an important weighting; but, taking the gender perspective into account, a lower percentage of women had gained access to teaching positions due to having lower score in the experience category.

Oral cancer awareness in Spain: A pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the level of oral cancer knowledge and awareness in a Spanish general population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study using an anonymous questionnaire applied in the community to randomly selected laypersons. Sample size for the general population was determined by quota sampling, resulting in 1,041 individuals. RESULTS: A total of 1,707 pedestrians were approached (response: 61%). When the participants were asked about what cancers had they heard about (up to ten), oral cancer was mentioned in first place by 2% of the sample and by 22% in any order. When specifically asked about oral cancer, the percentage of interviewees who were familiar with it raised to 72%. Participants were also asked about the main signs or symptoms of oral cancer, and the most frequently (22%) mentioned as the first warning sign was a non-healing ulcer. Tobacco smoking generally was recognised as the most important (57%) risk factor for oral cancer. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study revealed a low awareness of oral cancer, and a poor knowledge of its signs and symptoms and risk factors.

Genética y medicina de familia / Genetics and family medicine

Los avances de la genética en las últimas décadas han sido espectaculares. Sus implicaciones en la medicina fueron tan relevantes que el médico de familia no puede permanecer ajeno a ellas. Sin embargo, curiosamente, nuestro programa formativo de la especialidad apenas tiene contenidos relacionados con esta disciplina. Por ello, varias publicaciones han alertado de la necesidad de corregir este déficit y determinar los conocimientos, competencias y habilidades en genética que deberían adquirir los médicos de familia. Se considera que, además de unos conceptos generales, debemos tener formación relativa a las pruebas genéticas, asesoramiento genético, aspectos relacionados con los cánceres hereditarios y conocer los límites éticos y legales de la información genética. Por otra parte, también es necesario establecer unas pautas de colaboración con los servicios de genética (AU)

There have been spectacular advances in genetics in the last decades. Their implications in medicine have been so relevant that the family doctor cannot ignore them. However, interestingly, our specialty training program has hardly any contents related to this discipline. For this reason, several publications have warned of the need to correct this deficit and to determine the knowledge, skills and abilities in genetics that should be acquired by family physicians. It is considered that, in addition to some general concepts, we must have training related to genetic testing, genetic counselling, aspects related to hereditary cancers, and to be aware of the ethical and legal limits of genetic information. It is also necessary to establish guidelines for collaboration with the genetic services (AU)

[Genetics and family medicine]. / Genética y medicina de familia.

There have been spectacular advances in genetics in the last decades. Their implications in medicine have been so relevant that the family doctor cannot ignore them. However, interestingly, our specialty training program has hardly any contents related to this discipline. For this reason, several publications have warned of the need to correct this deficit and to determine the knowledge, skills and abilities in genetics that should be acquired by family physicians. It is considered that, in addition to some general concepts, we must have training related to genetic testing, genetic counselling, aspects related to hereditary cancers, and to be aware of the ethical and legal limits of genetic information. It is also necessary to establish guidelines for collaboration with the genetic services.

Fenómeno de Raynaud secundario a un colirio antiglaucomatoso / Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to anti-glaucoma eye drops

No disponible

Aspectos éticos en la atención sanitaria de la violencia de género / Ethical issues in health care of gender violence

La violencia de género es un problema de salud que, en ocasiones, causa controversias éticas en la consulta del médico de familia. Probablemente, el conflicto más importante se produce cuando una paciente que admite haber sido maltratada por su pareja, apelando a la confidencialidad, solicita que no se emita un parte de lesiones. Además, pueden producirse otras situaciones problemáticas. Este trabajo pretende ser una reflexión sobre estas eventualidades para contribuir a ayudar al profesional en la toma de decisiones (AU)

Gender violence is a health problem that occasionally gives rise to ethical dilemmas for the family doctor. One of the most important conflict is probably when a patient admits to being abused by her partner, but appeals to keep the information confidential, and refuses to present an injury report. There also other problematic situations. This essayattempts to reflect on these issues and help professionals in making decisions (AU)

[Ethical issues in health care of gender violence]. / Aspectos éticos en la atención sanitaria de la violencia de género.

Gender violence is a health problem that occasionally gives rise to ethical dilemmas for the family doctor. One of the most important conflict is probably when a patient admits to being abused by her partner, but appeals to keep the information confidential, and refuses to present an injury report. There also other problematic situations. This essay attempts to reflect on these issues and help professionals in making decisions.

[Macrocheilia, granulomatous cheilitis and Crohn's disease]. / Macroquelia, queilitis granulomatosa y enfermedad de Crohn.

Granulomatous cheilitis is a rare disease included among the orofacial granulomatoses. It is characterized by a idiopathic chronic inflammation of the labial mucosa (macrochelia), which takes the form of episodic and progressive outbreaks. In 10% of patients, it is associated with Crohn's disease. We report the presentation, evaluation and treatment of a case of granulomatous cheilitis which appearted two years after the onset of Crohn's disease. We conclude that granulomatous cheilitis is rare in children, with few reported cases, although probably underdiagnosed because of lack of awareness. The diagnosis of granulomatous cheilitis is clinical, although the histological evaluation is a determining factor. After making the diagnosis a comprehensive assessment of the patient is recommended, to rule out the other associated syndromes described in the literature.

Macroquelia, queilitis granulomatosa y enfermedad de Crohn / Macrocheilia, granulomatous cheilitis and Crohn's disease

La queilitis granulomatosa es una enfermedad poco frecuente incluida dentro de las granulomatosis orofaciales. Se caracteriza por ser una inflamación crónica idiopática de la mucosa labial (macroquelia), que cursa en forma de brotes episódicos y progresivos. En un 10% de los pacientes se asocia a la enfermedad de Crohn. Presentamos un caso clínico de queilitis granulomatosa que precede en 2 años al diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Crohn, haciendo referencia a la forma de presentación, evolución y tratamiento. Concluimos que la queilitis granulomatosa es una entidad infrecuente, con pocos casos descritos, aunque probablemente infradiagnosticada por su desconocimiento. El diagnóstico de la queilitis granulomatosa es esencialmente clínico, aunque es determinante la evaluación histológica. Después de realizar su diagnóstico se debe recomendar la evaluación integral del paciente, para descartar el resto de las asociaciones sindrómicas descritas en la literatura médica (AU)

Granulomatous cheilitis is a rare disease included among the orofacial granulomatoses. It is characterized by a idiopathic chronic inflammation of the labial mucosa (macrochelia), which takes the form of episodic and progressive outbreaks. In 10% of patients, it is associated with Crohn’s disease. We report the presentation, evaluation and treatment of a case of granulomatous cheilitis which appearted two years after the onset of Crohn’s disease. We conclude that granulomatous cheilitis is rare in children, with few reported cases, although probably underdiagnosed because of lack of awareness. The diagnosis of granulomatous cheilitis is clinical, although the histological evaluation is a determining factor. After making the diagnosis a comprehensive assessment of the patient is recommended, to rule out the other associated syndromes described in the literature (AU)

[Methylphenidate and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon]. / Metilfenidato y fenómeno de Raynaud secundario.

Raynaud's phenomenon is a clinical disease characterized by episodic attacks of vasoconstriction of the arteries and arterioles of the extremities such as fingers and toes, sometimes the ears and nose, in response to cold or emotional stimuli. A classic attack is the pallor of the distal extremity, followed by cyanosis and redness, accompanied by paresthesia, usually as heat. When it occurs without apparent cause is called primary Raynaud's phenomenon. When associated with other disease, is called secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. The secondary table is associated with increased frequency of rheumatic diseases of collagen. They can also present certain drugs that cause vasoconstriction, such as ergotamine, beta-adrenergic antagonists, contraception and sympathomimetic drugs. Regarding the latter, we present a case of Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to methylphenidate in a 14 years.

Metilfenidato y fenómeno de Raynaud secundario / Methylphenidate and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon

El fenómeno de Raynaud es un cuadro clínico caracterizado por ataques episódicos de vasoconstricción de las arterias y arteriolas de las extremidades como los dedos de la mano y pies, en ocasiones las orejas y la nariz, en respuesta al frío o a estímulos emocionales. Un ataque clásico consiste en la palidez de la porción distal de la extremidad, seguida de cianosis y de rubor, acompañada de parestesias, generalmente como ardor. Cuando ocurre sin causa aparente se denomina fenómeno de Raynaud primario. Cuando se asocia a otra enfermedad se llama fenómeno de Raynaud secundario. El cuadro secundario se asocia con mayor frecuencia a las enfermedades reumáticas del colágeno. También pueden presentarlo determinados medicamentos que provocan vasoconstricción, como la ergotamina, los antagonistas β-adrenérgicos, los anticonceptivos y los fármacos simpaticomiméticos. En relación con estos últimos, presentamos un caso clínico de fenómeno de Raynaud secundario a metilfenidato en un adolescente de 14 años (AU)

Raynaud's phenomenon is a clinical disease characterized by episodic attacks of vasoconstriction of the arteries and arterioles of the extremities such as fingers and toes, sometimes the ears and nose, in response to cold or emotional stimuli. A classic attack is the pallor of the distal extremity, followed by cyanosis and redness, accompanied by paresthesia, usually as heat. When it occurs without apparent cause is called primary Raynaud's phenomenon. When associated with other disease, is called secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. The secondary table is associated with increased frequency of rheumatic diseases of collagen. They can also present certain drugs that cause vasoconstriction, such as ergotamine, beta-adrenergic antagonists, contraception and sympathomimetic drugs. Regarding the latter, we present a case of Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to methylphenidate in a 14 years (AU)

Antibióticos, pero con prudencia / Antibiotics, but with discretion

No disponible