RESUMEN
Patients with advanced Ewing sarcoma (AES) carry a poor prognosis. Retrospectively, we analyzed 66 AES patients treated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) receiving HLA-mismatched (group A, n = 39) versus HLA-matched grafts (group B, n = 27). Median age at diagnosis was 13 years, and 15 years (range 3-49 years) at allo-SCT. The two groups did not differ statistically in distribution of gender, age, remission status/number of relapses at allo-SCT, or risk stratum. 9/39 (23%) group A versus 2/27 (7%) group B patients developed severe acute graft versus host disease (GvHD). Of patients alive at day 100, 7/34 (21%) group A versus 9/19 (47%) group B patients had developed chronic GvHD. In group A, 33/39 (85%) versus 20/27 (74%) group B patients died of disease and 1/39 (3%) versus 1/27 (4%) patients died of complications, respectively. Altogether 12/66 (18%) patients survived in CR. Median EFS 24 months after allo-SCT was 20% in both groups, median OS was 27% (group A) versus 17% (group B), respectively. There was no difference in EFS and OS in AES patients transplanted with HLA-mismatched versus HLA-matched graft in univariate and multivariate analyses. In this analysis, CR at allo-SCT is a condition for survival (p < 0.02).
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Sarcoma de Ewing , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sarcoma de Ewing/terapia , Acondicionamiento Pretrasplante , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Mitochondrial dynamics such as fission and fusion play a vital role in normal brain development and neuronal activity. DNM1L encodes a dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), which is a GTPase essential for proper mitochondrial fission. The clinical phenotype of DNM1L mutations depends on the degree of mitochondrial fission deficiency, ranging from severe encephalopathy and death shortly after birth to initially normal development and then sudden onset of refractory status epilepticus with very poor neurologic outcome. We describe a case of a previously healthy 3-year-old boy with a mild delay in speech development until the acute onset of a refractory status epilepticus with subsequent epileptic encephalopathy and very poor neurologic outcome. The de novo missense mutation in DNM1L (c.1207C > T, p.R403C), which we identified in this case, seems to determine a unique clinical course, strikingly similar to four previously described patients in literature with the identical de novo heterozygous missense mutation in DNM1L.
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Encefalopatías/genética , Dinaminas/genética , Epilepsia Generalizada/genética , Mutación/genética , Estado Epiléptico/genética , Encefalopatías/complicaciones , Encefalopatías/diagnóstico por imagen , Preescolar , Epilepsia Generalizada/complicaciones , Epilepsia Generalizada/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Masculino , Estado Epiléptico/complicaciones , Estado Epiléptico/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Curative therapies for Ewing sarcoma have been developed within cooperative groups. Consecutive clinical trials have systematically assessed the impact and timing of local therapy and the activity of cytotoxic drugs and their combinations. They have led to an increase of long-term disease-free survival to around 70% in patients with localized disease. Translational research in ES remains an area in which interdisciplinary and international cooperation is essential for future progress. This article reviews current state-of-the art therapy, with a focus on trials performed in Europe, and summarizes novel strategies to further advance both the cure rates and quality of survival.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Óseas/terapia , Conducta Cooperativa , Comunicación Interdisciplinaria , Sarcoma de Ewing/terapia , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/terapia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Neoplasias Óseas/mortalidad , Niño , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Terapia Combinada , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Humanos , Terapia Neoadyuvante , Osteotomía , Radioterapia Adyuvante , Sarcoma de Ewing/mortalidad , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/mortalidad , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Preclinical data indicate there is strong synergism of action against Ewing sarcoma in sequential treatment with trabectedin followed by irinotecan and it appears to be related to a selective blockade of the transcription factor EWS-FLI1. This combination was evaluated in Ewing sarcoma patient who was progressing with standard therapies. METHODS: Trabectedin was given as a 24-h iv infusion on day 1 at the dose of 1 mg/sqm, and irinotecan 75 mg/sqm on day 2 and then on days 2 and 4, every 3 weeks from the seventh course. RESULTS: The therapy was well tolerated with transient hematological toxicity and transaminitis and induced stabilization of the disease lasting for 11 courses, with clinical improvement and marked reduction of the need for opioids. However, shortly before the 12th course, sudden death occurred, possibly due to cerebral stroke, presumably not related to the drug treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The encouraging clinical benefit observed with the combination and its good tolerability deserves further investigation in Ewing sarcoma.
Asunto(s)
Camptotecina/análogos & derivados , Dioxoles/uso terapéutico , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/metabolismo , Proteína Proto-Oncogénica c-fli-1/metabolismo , Proteína EWS de Unión a ARN/metabolismo , Sarcoma de Ewing/tratamiento farmacológico , Tetrahidroisoquinolinas/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Camptotecina/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Irinotecán , Masculino , Sarcoma de Ewing/metabolismo , TrabectedinaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) may provide donor cytotoxic T cell-/NK cell-mediated disease control in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). However, little is known about the prevalence of graft-vs-RMS effects and only a few case experiences have been reported. METHODS: We evaluated allo-SCT outcomes of 30 European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT)-registered patients with advanced RMS regarding toxicity, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) after allo-SCT. Twenty patients were conditioned with reduced intensity and ten with high-dose chemotherapy. Twenty-three patients were transplanted with HLA-matched and seven with HLA-mismatched grafts. Three patients additionally received donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs). Median follow-up was 9 months. RESULTS: Three-year OS was 20% (s.e.±8%) with a median survival time of 12 months. Cumulative risk of progression was 67% (s.e.±10%) and 11% (s.e.±6%) for death of complications. Thirteen patients developed acute graft-vs-host disease (GvHD) and five developed chronic GvHD. Eighteen patients died of disease and four of complications. Eight patients survived in complete remission (CR) (median: 44 months). No patients with residual disease before allo-SCT were converted to CR. CONCLUSION: The use of allo-SCT in patients with advanced RMS is currently experimental. In a subset of patients, it may constitute a valuable approach for consolidating CR, but this needs to be validated in prospective trials.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/métodos , Rabdomiosarcoma/cirugía , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/etiología , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/mortalidad , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/epidemiología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/mortalidad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Rabdomiosarcoma/mortalidad , Trasplante Homólogo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Patients with advanced pediatric sarcomas have a poor prognosis and novel combination therapies are needed to improve the response rates. Hematological and organ related toxicities have been observed when administering topotecan in combination with, e.g., high dose thiotepa. This study evaluates the toxicity of escalating doses of topotecan alone or in combination with thiotepa or treosulfan. We compared the toxicity including death of complication (DOC) of topotecan alone or in combination with thiotepa or treosulfan in advanced pediatric sarcomas (n = 12). Ten of 12 patients (0.83) suffered from advanced tumors of the Ewing family (i.e., bone or marrow metastases or relapse <24 month after diagnosis, including one neuroepithelial tumor of the kidney) and two from alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma stage IV (0.17). Median age was 15 years (range 5-28). Ratio of female to male was 1:1. Two patients received topotecan alone (1.25 mg/m(2) q 5d and 1.5 mg/m(2) q 5d), three patients received four courses of topotecan (2 mg/m(2) q d 1-5) in combination with thiotepa (100 mg/m(2) q d 1-5), and seven patients received topotecan (2 mg/m(2) q d 1-5) in combination with treosulfan (10g/m(2) q d 3-5). Overall toxicity was not different between all three groups; mean scores were 1.6, 1.8, and 1.7 according to WHO grading (Scale 0-4). Organ related toxicity ranged between 0 and 4 and was not different as well. DOC was 0/2, 1/3, and 0/7 patients respectively. Escalating therapy with topotecan in combination with treosulfan has acceptable toxicity and warrants further investigation in advanced pediatric sarcomas.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Sarcoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Busulfano/administración & dosificación , Busulfano/efectos adversos , Busulfano/análogos & derivados , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Humanos , Masculino , Sarcoma/mortalidad , Topotecan/administración & dosificación , Topotecan/efectos adversosAsunto(s)
Várices/congénito , Insuficiencia Venosa/congénito , Adolescente , Hemangioma/congénito , Hemangioma Capilar/congénito , Hemangioma Capilar/diagnóstico , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Trombosis/congénito , Trombosis/diagnóstico , Ultrasonografía Doppler en Color , Várices/diagnóstico , Malformaciones Vasculares/diagnóstico , Insuficiencia Venosa/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Inhaled corticosteroids are widely accepted in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Long-term use may cause systemic complications, especially high-dose fluticasone. We report about a young man who presented with encephalopathy after excessive physical activity caused by secondary adrenal insufficiency. He recovered quickly after systemic corticosteroid replacement therapy. This problem is considered to be underdiagnosed in clinical practice.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In adult cancer patients the negative predictive value of elevated CRP levels has been described for several malignancies. Only few studies have analyzed the prognostic role of CRP in children and adolescents with classical HL. In these studies elevated CRP levels correlate with the presence of classical risk factors and adverse outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The prognostic role of CRP for patients with classical HL admitted to the GPOH-HD-2002 study was analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: CRP levels were documented for 369 of 573 patients. Significant (p<0.05) increased median CRP levels were found in the presence of B-Symptoms (25.7 vs. 5.1 mg/l), extranodal involvement (21.5 vs. 7.5 mg/l), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, 13.0 vs. 1.0 mg/l) and stage III/IV disease (15.5 vs. 5.3 mg/l). 83.9% of patients with elevated and 45.8% of patients with normal CRP had an ESR >30 mm/h. CONCLUSION: Elevated CRP levels were associated with classical risk factors of HL. CRP and ESR may reflect different biological processes. CRP was prognostic within early stage TG-1 patients treated with reduced treatment, but not within advanced stage TG-2+3.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/sangre , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Sedimentación Sanguínea , Niño , Estudios de Cohortes , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Alemania , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/mortalidad , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/patología , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Radioterapia Adyuvante , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Risk stratification criteria for patients with Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) are still limited. We hypothesized divergent human leukocyte antigen (HLA) patterns in ESFT patients and compared HLA-A, -B and -DR phenotype frequencies of patients with advanced ESFT with those of healthy controls. PATIENTS: HLA types of all German Caucasian patients with advanced ESFT and available HLA-A, -B and -DR data registered in the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Paediatric Registry for Stem Cell Transplantation and the MetaEICESS data bases (study group, n=30) were retrospectively compared with HLA types of healthy German stem cell donors (control group, n=8 862 for single HLA frequencies and n=8 839 for allele combinations). Study group patients had been immuno-typed due to eligibility for allogeneic stem cell transplantation for high risk of treatment failure, and thus constituted a selected subgroup of ESFT patients. RESULTS: After Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (PC), phenotype frequencies of HLA-A24 remained significantly higher in the study group compared to controls (PC<0.05). Furthermore, several HLA combinations were significantly more frequent in the study group compared to controls (all PC<0.05). CONCLUSION: We report an increased incidence of circumscribed HLA patterns in German Caucasians with advanced ESFT. The possible clinical significance of this observation has to be re-assessed in prospective trials comprising larger ESFT patient numbers of all risk groups.
Asunto(s)
Donantes de Sangre , Trasplante de Médula Ósea , Neoplasias Óseas/genética , Neoplasias Óseas/terapia , Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Antígenos HLA-DR/genética , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Sarcoma de Ewing/genética , Sarcoma de Ewing/terapia , Donantes de Tejidos , Adolescente , Adulto , Neoplasias Óseas/patología , Niño , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genética de Población , Alemania , Humanos , Masculino , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/genética , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/terapia , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sarcoma de Ewing/patología , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Eosinofilia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Albendazol/uso terapéutico , Antihelmínticos/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/citología , Broncoscopía , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Eosinófilos , Femenino , Humanos , Recuento de Leucocitos , Metilprednisolona/uso terapéutico , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Toxocariasis/diagnóstico , Toxocariasis/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Although prognosis of children with solid tumors is steadily improving, long-term survival is not achievable in all patients, especially in patients with recurrent or refractory disease. Despite the increasing number of targeted therapeutics (TT), only very few TT have been introduced into clinical protocols. Accordingly, clinical experience concerning the efficacy and safety of these drugs is limited. This may possibly discourage oncologists from administering TT to children.We performed a comprehensive review of the literature to identify TT that may be considered for treatment of children and young adults with solid tumors. Moreover, we interviewed an expert panel of the Society for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology (GPOH) using questionnaires in a modified Delphi process in order to describe the experts' experiences in the use of these TT.Among 30 TT identified to be possibly useful in children and young adults, imatinib, bevacizumab and rapamycin were most widely used. These drugs were reported as having mostly little to no severe adverse events and seem to induce at least partial responses in a subset of patients. In addition, our study confirms and expands the present knowledge about adverse events and the potential efficacy of 5 other commonly used TT in this population.This information may be useful for oncologists when administering these TT to children and young adults with solid tumors. Controlled clinical trials are urgently needed to test their safety and efficacy.
Asunto(s)
Terapia Molecular Dirigida , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Adolescente , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/uso terapéutico , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/toxicidad , Benzamidas , Bevacizumab , Niño , Técnica Delphi , Humanos , Mesilato de Imatinib , Piperazinas/uso terapéutico , Piperazinas/toxicidad , Pirimidinas/uso terapéutico , Pirimidinas/toxicidad , Sirolimus/uso terapéutico , Sirolimus/toxicidad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is the second most common bone or soft-tissue sarcoma in childhood and adolescence and features a high propensity to metastasize. The six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 (STEAP1) is a membrane-bound mesenchymal stem cell marker highly expressed in ES. Here, we investigated the role of STEAP1 as an immunohistological marker for outcome prediction in patients with ES. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Membranous STEAP1 immunoreactivity was analyzed using immunohistochemistry in 114 primary pre-chemotherapy ES of patients diagnosed from 1983 to 2010 and compared with clinical parameters and patient outcome. Median follow-up was 3.85 years (range 0.43-17.51). RESULTS: A total of 62.3% of the ES samples displayed detectable STEAP1 expression with predominant localization of the protein at the plasma membrane. High membranous STEAP1 immunoreactivity was found in 53.5%, which correlated with better overall survival (P=0.021). Accordingly, no or low membranous STEAP1 expression was identified as an independent risk factor in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 2.65, P=0.036). CONCLUSION: High membranous STEAP1 expression predicts improved outcome and may help to define a specific subgroup of ES patients, who might benefit from adapted therapy regimens.
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Antígenos de Neoplasias/biosíntesis , Oxidorreductasas/biosíntesis , Sarcoma de Ewing/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores de Tumor/biosíntesis , Membrana Celular/enzimología , Membrana Celular/inmunología , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Sarcoma de Ewing/enzimología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
We report on an infant with an unusual presentation of tuberous sclerosis. After uncomplicated birth, a routine ultrasound was performed because the patient's brother had undergone nephrectomy at the age of four months due to multicystic renal dysplasia. All other family members were healthy. Multiple renal cysts were found in the boy's left kidney. The right kidney, which was normal initially, showed cysts after a few months. In a follow-up sonography at the age of 10 months, we found an aortic aneurysm measuring 4 × 7 cm. A brain NMR showed typical signs of tuberous sclerosis. Aortic aneurysm is very rarely associated with tuberous sclerosis. As a TSC2/PKD1 contiguous gene syndrome was excluded, in this case the child probably has two different diseases, i.e. tuberous sclerosis in addition to phenotypically unusual multicystic renal dysplasia.
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Esclerosis Tuberosa/diagnóstico , Humanos , Recién Nacido , MasculinoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The development of a successful immunotherapy is hampered by an ineffective T-cell repertoire against tumour antigens and the inability of the patient's immune system to overcome tolerance-inducing mechanisms. Here, we test the specific recognition and lytical potential of allo-restricted CD8(+) T cells against Ewing tumour (ET) associated antigens Enhancer of Zeste, Drosophila Homolog 2 (EZH2), and Chondromodulin-I (CHM1) identified through previous microarray analysis. METHODS: Following repetitive CHM1(319) (VIMPCSWWV) and EZH2(666) (YMCSFLFNL) peptide-driven stimulations with HLA-A 0201(+) dendritic cells (DC), allo-restricted HLA-A 0201(-) CD8(+) T cells were stained with HLA-A 0201/peptide multimers, sorted and expanded by limiting dilution. RESULTS: Expanded T cells specifically recognised peptide-pulsed target cells or antigen-transfected cells in the context of HLA-A 0201 and killed HLA-A 0201(+) ET lines expressing the antigen while HLA-A 0201(-) ET lines were not affected. Furthermore, adoptively transferred T cells caused significant ET growth delay in Rag2(-/-)γ(C)(-/-) mice. Within this context, we identified the CHM1(319) peptide as a new candidate target antigen for ET immunotherapy. CONCLUSION: These results clearly identify the ET-derived antigens, EZH2(666) and CHM1(319), as suitable targets for protective allo-restricted human CD8(+) T-cell responses against non-immunogenic ET and may benefit new therapeutic strategies in ET patients treated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
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Antígenos de Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias Óseas/patología , Isoantígenos/inmunología , Sarcoma de Ewing/patología , Linfocitos T Citotóxicos/inmunología , Animales , Antígenos de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias Óseas/inmunología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Citotoxicidad Inmunológica/inmunología , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Regulación hacia Abajo , Humanos , Inmunoterapia Adoptiva , Isoantígenos/metabolismo , Células K562 , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Sarcoma de Ewing/inmunología , Especificidad del Receptor de Antígeno de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos T Citotóxicos/metabolismoAsunto(s)
Neoplasias Esofágicas/diagnóstico por imagen , Leiomiomatosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Nefritis Hereditaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Adolescente , Anastomosis Quirúrgica , Trastornos de Deglución/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastornos de Deglución/etiología , Trastornos de Deglución/genética , Trastornos de Deglución/cirugía , Endoscopía del Sistema Digestivo , Neoplasias Esofágicas/genética , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirugía , Esofagectomía , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Leiomiomatosis/genética , Leiomiomatosis/cirugía , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Invasividad Neoplásica , Nefritis Hereditaria/genética , Nefritis Hereditaria/cirugía , Estómago/cirugía , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
We report the case of a 2-year-old boy with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) who developed fatal intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) despite maximum therapy according to the guidelines. Hitherto defined risk factors do not predict severe or atypical courses.
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Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Craneotomía , Transfusión de Eritrocitos , Inmunoglobulina G/uso terapéutico , Hemorragias Intracraneales/terapia , Transfusión de Plaquetas , Prednisolona/uso terapéutico , Púrpura Trombocitopénica Idiopática/terapia , Preescolar , Terapia Combinada , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Resultado Fatal , Hemorragia/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Recuento de Plaquetas , Factores de RiesgoAsunto(s)
Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/uso terapéutico , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/uso terapéutico , Linfangioma/tratamiento farmacológico , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Bevacizumab , Niño , Estudios de Factibilidad , Humanos , Linfangioma/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
We examined the role of total body magnetic resonance imaging (TB-MRI)-governed involved compartment irradiation (ICI) and high-dose chemotherapy (HDC), followed by stem cell rescue (SCR) in patients with high-risk Ewing tumors (ETs) with multiple primary bone metastases (high-risk ET-MBM). Eleven patients with high-risk ET-MBM receiving initial assessment of involved bones by TB-MRI were registered from 1995 to 2000 (group A). In all, 6 patients out of 11 had additional lung disease at initial diagnosis; all had multifocal bone disease with more than three bones involved. After systemic induction with etoposide, vincristine, adriamycin (doxorubicin), ifosfamide, and actinomycin D (EVAIA) or VAIA chemotherapy, ICI of all sites positive by TB-MRI was administered, followed by HDC and SCR. A second group matched for observation period and consisting of 26 patients with more than three involved bones at diagnosis was treated with the European Intergroup Cooperative Ewing Sarcoma Study-92 (EICESS-92) protocol (group B). These patients did not receive TB-MRI and consequently did not receive TB-MRI-governed ICI, or HDC and SCR. Survival in group A vs group B was 45 vs 8% at 5 years and 27 vs 8% at 10 years after diagnosis (log rank and Breslow: P<0.005). We conclude that TB-MRI-governed ICI followed by HDC and SCR in ET-MBM is feasible and warrants further evaluation in prospective studies.