Self-perceived health of older adults in Latin America and the Caribbean: a scoping review.

Objective: To systematically map the existing evidence on self-perceived health among adults aged 60 and older in Latin America and the Caribbean, describe the use of the single-item measure of self-perceived health with this population, and identify gaps in the existing literature. Methods: Following PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, eight databases were searched for publications that were published between 2009 and 2019 and reported self-perceived health of adults over 60 years old in Latin America and the Caribbean. Data on study characteristics, sample characteristics, and the use and analysis of the self-perceived health measure were charted. Results: The database and secondary searches identified 516 articles. After removing duplicates and assessing titles and abstracts for inclusion, 263 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility using the inclusion criteria and an additional 89 articles were excluded. Ultimately, 174 articles were included in the scoping review. Studies included participants from 17 countries in the region, led in frequency by Brazil with 120 articles. The self-perceived health question most often included a five-category response scale (130), and response options were predominantly divided into two (86) or three (48) categories for analysis. Conclusions: Information on the health and social needs of people aged 60 and older across Latin America and the Caribbean, particularly their perceptions of health, is limited. We highlight the need to expand research throughout the region, include particularly vulnerable populations, utilize data from longitudinal and qualitative studies, and call for transparency in how questions and responses are worded and analyzed. This review serves to inform future studies, programs, and policies directed at this population.

Self-perceived health of older adults in Latin America and the Caribbean: a scoping review

[ABSTRACT]. Objective. To systematically map the existing evidence on self-perceived health among adults aged 60 and older in Latin America and the Caribbean, describe the use of the single-item measure of self-perceived health with this population, and identify gaps in the existing literature. Methods. Following PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, eight databases were searched for publications that were published between 2009 and 2019 and reported self-perceived health of adults over 60 years old in Latin America and the Caribbean. Data on study characteristics, sample characteristics, and the use and analysis of the self-perceived health measure were charted. Results. The database and secondary searches identified 516 articles. After removing duplicates and assess- ing titles and abstracts for inclusion, 263 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility using the inclusion criteria and an additional 89 articles were excluded. Ultimately, 174 articles were included in the scoping review. Studies included participants from 17 countries in the region, led in frequency by Brazil with 120 articles. The self-perceived health question most often included a five-category response scale (130), and response options were predominantly divided into two (86) or three (48) categories for analysis. Conclusions. Information on the health and social needs of people aged 60 and older across Latin America and the Caribbean, particularly their perceptions of health, is limited. We highlight the need to expand research throughout the region, include particularly vulnerable populations, utilize data from longitudinal and qualitative studies, and call for transparency in how questions and responses are worded and analyzed. This review serves to inform future studies, programs, and policies directed at this population.

[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. Realizar una búsqueda sistemática de la evidencia sobre la autopercepción de la salud en las personas mayores de 60 años en América Latina y el Caribe, describir el uso de la medición basada en un solo ítem para dicha autopercepción en este grupo poblacional y detectar posibles lagunas en la bibliografía existente. Métodos. Se realizaron búsquedas en ocho bases de datos de publicaciones aparecidas entre el 2009 y el 2019 sobre la autopercepción de la salud por las personas mayores de 60 años en América Latina y el Caribe. Las búsquedas se realizaron de conformidad con la guía de la extensión PRISMA para revisiones explorato- rias. Se graficaron los datos sobre las características del estudio, las características de la muestra y el uso y análisis de la medición de autopercepción de la salud. Resultados. Las búsquedas en las bases de datos y las secundarias permitieron localizar 516 artículos. Tras eliminar los duplicados y examinar los títulos y resúmenes para su inclusión, se utilizaron los criterios de inclusión para evaluar la admisibilidad de 263 artículos completos y se excluyeron otros 89 artículos. A fin de cuentas, quedaron seleccionados 174 artículos para la revisión exploratoria. Los estudios incluían participantes de 17 países de la región, con Brasil como el país con el mayor número (120 artículos). Lo más frecuente fue que la pregunta sobre autopercepción en materia de salud incluyera una escala de respuesta de cinco categorías (130), y las opciones de respuesta se dividían predominantemente en dos (86) o tres (48) categorías para su análisis. Conclusiones. La información sobre las necesidades sociales y de salud de las personas mayores de 60 años en América Latina y el Caribe, en particular sus percepciones sobre la propia salud, es limitada. Los autores destacan la necesidad de ampliar la investigación en toda la región, abarcar a los grupos pobla- cionales especialmente vulnerables, utilizar datos de estudios longitudinales y cualitativos y exhortar a la transparencia sobre la manera en que se formulan las preguntas y respuestas. Esta revisión sirve como fun- damento para futuros estudios, programas y políticas orientados a este grupo poblacional.

[RESUMO]. Objetivo. Mapear de forma sistemática as evidências existentes sobre a autopercepção de saúde em pes- soas com 60 anos ou mais na América Latina e no Caribe, descrever o uso de uma medida de item único da autopercepção de saúde nessa população e identificar lacunas na literatura existente. Métodos. Em conformidade com as diretrizes da extensão da ferramenta PRISMA para revisões de escopo, oito bancos de dados foram pesquisados em busca de trabalhos publicados entre 2009 e 2019 que relat- assem a autopercepção de saúde de pessoas com mais de 60 anos de idade na América Latina e no Caribe. Foram tabulados dados sobre as características do estudo, as características da amostra e o uso e a análise da medida de autopercepção de saúde. Resultados. As buscas nos bancos de dados e secundárias identificaram 516 artigos. Depois de descartar artigos repetidos e avaliar títulos e resumos para inclusão, 263 artigos completos foram avaliados quanto à elegibilidade usando os critérios de inclusão, o que levou à exclusão de mais 89 artigos. Por fim, 174 artigos foram incluídos na revisão de escopo. Os estudos incluíam participantes de 17 países da região, e o Brasil foi o país com o maior número de publicações: 120 artigos. A pergunta sobre a autopercepção de saúde incluía, na maioria das vezes, uma escala de resposta com cinco categorias (130), e as opções de resposta foram predominantemente divididas em duas (86) ou três (48) categorias para análise. Conclusões. As informações sobre as necessidades sociais e de saúde das pessoas com 60 anos ou mais na América Latina e no Caribe, especialmente suas percepções de saúde, são limitadas. Destacamos a necessidade de expandir a pesquisa em toda a região, incluir populações particularmente vulneráveis, uti- lizar dados de estudos longitudinais e qualitativos e solicitar transparência na forma como as perguntas e respostas são formuladas e analisadas. Esta análise serve de guia para futuros estudos, programas e políti- cas voltados para essa população.

Self-perceived health of older adults in Latin America and the Caribbean: a scoping review / Revisión exploratoria sobre la autopercepción de la salud por las personas mayores en América Latina y el Caribe / Autopercepção de saúde de pessoas idosas na América Latina e no Caribe: revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Objective. To systematically map the existing evidence on self-perceived health among adults aged 60 and older in Latin America and the Caribbean, describe the use of the single-item measure of self-perceived health with this population, and identify gaps in the existing literature. Methods. Following PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, eight databases were searched for publications that were published between 2009 and 2019 and reported self-perceived health of adults over 60 years old in Latin America and the Caribbean. Data on study characteristics, sample characteristics, and the use and analysis of the self-perceived health measure were charted. Results. The database and secondary searches identified 516 articles. After removing duplicates and assessing titles and abstracts for inclusion, 263 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility using the inclusion criteria and an additional 89 articles were excluded. Ultimately, 174 articles were included in the scoping review. Studies included participants from 17 countries in the region, led in frequency by Brazil with 120 articles. The self-perceived health question most often included a five-category response scale (130), and response options were predominantly divided into two (86) or three (48) categories for analysis. Conclusions. Information on the health and social needs of people aged 60 and older across Latin America and the Caribbean, particularly their perceptions of health, is limited. We highlight the need to expand research throughout the region, include particularly vulnerable populations, utilize data from longitudinal and qualitative studies, and call for transparency in how questions and responses are worded and analyzed. This review serves to inform future studies, programs, and policies directed at this population.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Realizar una búsqueda sistemática de la evidencia sobre la autopercepción de la salud en las personas mayores de 60 años en América Latina y el Caribe, describir el uso de la medición basada en un solo ítem para dicha autopercepción en este grupo poblacional y detectar posibles lagunas en la bibliografía existente. Métodos. Se realizaron búsquedas en ocho bases de datos de publicaciones aparecidas entre el 2009 y el 2019 sobre la autopercepción de la salud por las personas mayores de 60 años en América Latina y el Caribe. Las búsquedas se realizaron de conformidad con la guía de la extensión PRISMA para revisiones exploratorias. Se graficaron los datos sobre las características del estudio, las características de la muestra y el uso y análisis de la medición de autopercepción de la salud. Resultados. Las búsquedas en las bases de datos y las secundarias permitieron localizar 516 artículos. Tras eliminar los duplicados y examinar los títulos y resúmenes para su inclusión, se utilizaron los criterios de inclusión para evaluar la admisibilidad de 263 artículos completos y se excluyeron otros 89 artículos. A fin de cuentas, quedaron seleccionados 174 artículos para la revisión exploratoria. Los estudios incluían participantes de 17 países de la región, con Brasil como el país con el mayor número (120 artículos). Lo más frecuente fue que la pregunta sobre autopercepción en materia de salud incluyera una escala de respuesta de cinco categorías (130), y las opciones de respuesta se dividían predominantemente en dos (86) o tres (48) categorías para su análisis. Conclusiones. La información sobre las necesidades sociales y de salud de las personas mayores de 60 años en América Latina y el Caribe, en particular sus percepciones sobre la propia salud, es limitada. Los autores destacan la necesidad de ampliar la investigación en toda la región, abarcar a los grupos poblacionales especialmente vulnerables, utilizar datos de estudios longitudinales y cualitativos y exhortar a la transparencia sobre la manera en que se formulan las preguntas y respuestas. Esta revisión sirve como fundamento para futuros estudios, programas y políticas orientados a este grupo poblacional.

RESUMO Objetivo. Mapear de forma sistemática as evidências existentes sobre a autopercepção de saúde em pessoas com 60 anos ou mais na América Latina e no Caribe, descrever o uso de uma medida de item único da autopercepção de saúde nessa população e identificar lacunas na literatura existente. Métodos. Em conformidade com as diretrizes da extensão da ferramenta PRISMA para revisões de escopo, oito bancos de dados foram pesquisados em busca de trabalhos publicados entre 2009 e 2019 que relatassem a autopercepção de saúde de pessoas com mais de 60 anos de idade na América Latina e no Caribe. Foram tabulados dados sobre as características do estudo, as características da amostra e o uso e a análise da medida de autopercepção de saúde. Resultados. As buscas nos bancos de dados e secundárias identificaram 516 artigos. Depois de descartar artigos repetidos e avaliar títulos e resumos para inclusão, 263 artigos completos foram avaliados quanto à elegibilidade usando os critérios de inclusão, o que levou à exclusão de mais 89 artigos. Por fim, 174 artigos foram incluídos na revisão de escopo. Os estudos incluíam participantes de 17 países da região, e o Brasil foi o país com o maior número de publicações: 120 artigos. A pergunta sobre a autopercepção de saúde incluía, na maioria das vezes, uma escala de resposta com cinco categorias (130), e as opções de resposta foram predominantemente divididas em duas (86) ou três (48) categorias para análise. Conclusões. As informações sobre as necessidades sociais e de saúde das pessoas com 60 anos ou mais na América Latina e no Caribe, especialmente suas percepções de saúde, são limitadas. Destacamos a necessidade de expandir a pesquisa em toda a região, incluir populações particularmente vulneráveis, utilizar dados de estudos longitudinais e qualitativos e solicitar transparência na forma como as perguntas e respostas são formuladas e analisadas. Esta análise serve de guia para futuros estudos, programas e políticas voltados para essa população.

Beamline K11 DIAD: a new instrument for dual imaging and diffraction at Diamond Light Source.

The Dual Imaging and Diffraction (DIAD) beamline at Diamond Light Source is a new dual-beam instrument for full-field imaging/tomography and powder diffraction. This instrument provides the user community with the capability to dynamically image 2D and 3D complex structures and perform phase identification and/or strain mapping using micro-diffraction. The aim is to enable in situ and in operando experiments that require spatially correlated results from both techniques, by providing measurements from the same specimen location quasi-simultaneously. Using an unusual optical layout, DIAD has two independent beams originating from one source that operate in the medium energy range (7-38 keV) and are combined at one sample position. Here, either radiography or tomography can be performed using monochromatic or pink beam, with a 1.4 mm × 1.2 mm field of view and a feature resolution of 1.2 µm. Micro-diffraction is possible with a variable beam size between 13 µm × 4 µm and 50 µm × 50 µm. One key functionality of the beamline is image-guided diffraction, a setup in which the micro-diffraction beam can be scanned over the complete area of the imaging field-of-view. This moving beam setup enables the collection of location-specific information about the phase composition and/or strains at any given position within the image/tomography field of view. The dual beam design allows fast switching between imaging and diffraction mode without the need of complicated and time-consuming mode switches. Real-time selection of areas of interest for diffraction measurements as well as the simultaneous collection of both imaging and diffraction data of (irreversible) in situ and in operando experiments are possible.

MINERVA: A facility to study Microstructure and INterface Evolution in Realtime under VAcuum.

A sample environment to enable real-time X-ray scattering measurements to be recorded during the growth of materials by thermal evaporation in vacuum is presented. The in situ capabilities include studying microstructure development with time or during exposure to different environmental conditions, such as temperature and gas pressure. The chamber provides internal slits and a beam stop, to reduce the background scattering from the X-rays passing through the entrance and exit windows, together with highly controllable flux rates of the evaporants. Initial experiments demonstrate some of the possibilities by monitoring the growth of bathophenanthroline (BPhen), a common molecule used in organic solar cells and organic light emitting diodes, including the development of the microstructure with time and depth within the film. The results show how BPhen nanocrystal structures coarsen at room temperature under vacuum, highlighting the importance of using real time measurements to understand the as-deposited pristine film structure and its development with time. More generally, this sample environment is versatile and can be used for investigation of structure-property relationships in a wide range of vacuum deposited materials and their applications in, for example, optoelectronic devices and energy storage.

Implementation of a beam deflection system for studies of liquid interfaces on beamline I07 at Diamond.

X-ray optics, based on a double-crystal deflection scheme, that enable reflectivity measurements from liquid surfaces/interfaces have been designed, built and commissioned on beamline I07 at Diamond Light Source. This system is able to deflect the beam onto a fixed sample position located at the centre of a five-circle diffractometer. Thus the incident angle can be easily varied without moving the sample, and the reflected beam is tracked either by a moving Pilatus 100K detector mounted on the diffractometer arm or by a stationary Pilatus 2M detector positioned appropriately for small-angle scattering. Thus the system can easily combine measurements of the reflectivity from liquid interfaces (Q(z) > 1 Å(-1)) with off-specular data collection, both in the form of grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) or wider-angle grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD). The device allows operation over the energy range 10-28 keV.