Analyzing Latent Burnout Profiles in a Sample of Spanish Nursing and Psychology Undergraduates.

There is abundant literature suggesting that university students in helping professions experience high levels of stress, leading to an increased risk of developing burnout. The objective of this study was to identify burnout profiles in a sample of 1162 Spanish nursing and psychology undergraduates using latent profile analysis, a person-oriented statistical method that can identify hidden homogenous subgroups within a heterogeneous population. We expected to replicate in university students the five-profile structure (burnout, overextended, disengaged, ineffective, and engagement) proposed by Leiter and Maslach using the burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy) as indicators. The results showed that burnout, overextended, and engagement profiles were adequately replicated. Given that levels of inefficacy and cynicism were medium to low, the ineffective and disengaged profiles somewhat deviated from those identified by Leiter and Maslach. We found differences between the five latent profiles in several psychological variables, such as depression and anxiety. These results suggest that psychosocial factors (e.g., workload) are significant among students and may adversely impact their health, leading to psychosomatic and emotional disorders. Hence, designing effective interventions to prevent health problems associated with burnout seems advisable, considering the specific burnout profile that a student exhibits.

Burnout and Professional Engagement during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Nursing Students without Clinical Experience: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Burnout affects many healthcare professionals, especially nurses, causing serious health problems and disrupting the work environment. Academic burnout may also be experienced, leading students to feel unable to cope with their education. As a result, they may lose interest and even consider abandoning their studies. Hence, burnout syndrome can affect both the mental health and the professional future of those affected. To evaluate academic burnout in nursing students who had no clinical experience before starting their practical training, a cross-sectional study involving 212 third-year nursing students at the University of Granada was conducted. Data were collected using the Granada Burnout Questionnaire, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Fear of CoronaVirus-19 Scale. High levels of burnout were present in 37.8% of the students. Moreover, 21.5% and 8.7% had borderline cases of anxiety or depression, respectively. Another 30.8% and 9.2%, respectively, were considered likely to present these conditions. According to the predictive models of burnout dimensions obtained, neuroticism is a predictor of all three burnout dimensions. Furthermore, anxiety, depression, extraversion, responsibility and engagement are predictors of some dimensions of the syndrome. Many nursing students present high levels of burnout, which is related to certain personality variables and to the presence of anxiety and/or depression. The level of professional engagement is inversely associated with the impact of burnout. The participants in this study have normalised their return to the pre-pandemic study routine (in-person classes), and fear of COVID-19 was not a significant predictor of any dimension of burnout.

Evolution and Treatment of Academic Burnout in Nursing Students: A Systematic Review.

AIM: To analyse the scientific literature related to the evolution of burnout syndrome during nursing studies and the interventions for the treatment or prevention of this syndrome in nursing students. METHODS: A systematic review of the PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases was performed in August 2022 using the search phrase "burnout AND nursing students" to extract experimental and longitudinal studies. RESULTS: Eleven relevant studies were obtained for analysis. Four were experimental, and seven were cohort studies. According to these studies, the interventions reduced burnout overall, but on occasion, the burnout scores for some aspects increased, as did the prevalence. Psychological and work environment-related variables were the most important factors predicting burnout. CONCLUSION: Burnout (i.e., emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation) tends to increase during nursing studies. Related factors include personality, coping strategies, life satisfaction, and the work environment. Interventions such as progressive muscle relaxation, behavioural therapy, and recreational music may alleviate burnout.

Prevalence of Burnout Syndrome and Fear of COVID-19 among Adolescent University Students.

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of burnout syndrome in adolescents entering university studies, to detect differences in burnout levels, personality factors and fear of coronavirus in a pandemic context due to COVID-19. A cross-sectional predictive study was performed with a sample that comprised 134 individuals in their first year of a Psychology degree at Spanish universities. The Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale were applied. The prevalence of burnout is estimated according to three methods: Maslach and Jackson's severity classification, Golembiewski's phase model and Maslach et al.'s profile model. The estimates show significant differences. The results indicated that between 9 and 21% of students were at risk of developing burnout. On the other hand, students who reported having suffered psychological consequences of the pandemic showed greater emotional exhaustion, neuroticism and fear of COVID-19, and a lower level of personal accomplishment than those who did not suffer such consequences. Neuroticism was the only significant predictor for all burnout dimensions, and fear of COVID-19 did not contribute to any of them.

Personality Factors as Predictors in Burnout Level Changes for Surgical Area Nurses.

Surgical area nurses provide comprehensive care to patients throughout the surgical process. Increases in life expectancy lead to the appearance and development of diseases, translating into an increase in the number of necessary interventions. Increases in the workload can be another risk factor for the development of burnout in professionals in this area. Knowledge of psychological and personality-related variables provides relevant information of level changes in the dimensions of burnout syndrome. Three logistic regression models, based on a cross-sectional study with 214 nurses working in the surgical area in the Andalusian Health Service, Spain, were built for each dimension. These models included different variables related to depression and personality, with some being significant at the population level and consequently true risk or protection factors. Friendliness, responsibility and extraversion are protection factors for the personal accomplishment dimension, whilst neuroticism is a risk factor for this dimension. Friendliness is also a protection factor for depersonalization, whilst depression is a risk factor. Finally, neuroticism, responsibility and depression are risk factors for the emotional exhaustion dimension of burnout. These findings provide relevant information that makes anticipation of this syndrome in this group easier.

Levels of Burnout and Engagement after COVID-19 among Psychology and Nursing Students in Spain: A Cohort Study.

The COVID pandemic has 0drastically changed the functioning of universities in Spain and may have altered individuals' behaviours and emotions, the way they engage in the learning process and their psychological well-being. Burnout syndrome is a psychological problem that arises from persistent confrontation with emotional and interpersonal stressors. COVID-related burnout among Spanish students has received little research attention. For this study, a pre-post cohort study design was used. Data were collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey, the Granada Burnout Questionnaire for university students, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and the Fear of CoronaVirus-19 scale. The population was composed of two samples of 190 and 226 students from Spanish universities. According to the results obtained, significant differences were observed between the pre- and post-test samples. Levels of burnout were higher after the COVID-19 pandemic and students' levels of engagement have dropped significantly following their experiences of the COVID pandemic. This study shows the impact that the covid pandemic has had on Spanish university students, impacts which may have had important consequences for their mental and physical health. It is necessary to implement intervention programs to enable students to recover, at least, the levels of burnout and engagement prevailing before the outbreak of the pandemic.

A Risk Profile of Sociodemographic Factors in the Onset of Academic Burnout Syndrome in a Sample of University Students.

Studying for a university degree can be very demanding, as students must cope with a variety of academic, social and personal challenges. If these demands persist, and if there are insufficient resources with which to address them, they will eventually provoke stress. When stress is present for long periods of time, it can lead to academic burnout syndrome, the signs of which are emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and inadequate personal accomplishment. This paper considers certain sociodemographic factors (age, sex, children, marital status, employment status, degree subject, faculty, academic year) in the identification of a risk profile of developing burnout syndrome. This study is cross-sectional, associative and ex post facto. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey was administered to 445 students in the University of Granada. According to the risk profile obtained, first-year male students in Primary Education and Social Education courses are at risk of developing burnout syndrome.

An Explanatory Model of Potential Changes in Burnout Diagnosis According to Personality Factors in Oncology Nurses.

Burnout in a hospital oncology service takes place when there is a high level of interaction between nurses and patients. The aim of the present study is to identify models that will enable us to accurately classify a person at a given level within each of the three dimensions of burnout, according to the values presented for personality related explanatory variables, for a sample of 96 oncology nurses working in the regional health service of Andalusia (Spain). A quantitative, crosscutting, multicentre, descriptive study was designed, and for this purpose data on sociodemographic and personality variables and on the three dimensions of burnout were compiled. Three categorical-response logit ordinal models were used and the prognostic ratios for each level were obtained, with respect to every other level, according to possible changes in the explanatory variables considered. Certain personality factors are associated with one or more dimensions of burnout syndrome. Thus, nurses are more likely to develop high levels of burnout if they present high levels of neuroticism and low levels of friendliness and responsibility. Further research in this field is needed to confirm and extend these findings.

Levels of Burnout and Risk Factors in Medical Area Nurses: A Meta-Analytic Study.

Research findings concerning burnout prevalence rate among nurses from the medical area are contradictory. The aim of this study was to analyse associated factors, to determine nurse burnout levels and to meta-analyse the prevalence rate of each burnout dimension. A systematic review, with meta-analysis, was conducted in February 2018, consulting the next scientific databases: PubMed, CUIDEN, CINAHL, Scopus, LILACS, PsycINFO and ProQuest Health & Medical Complete. In total, 38 articles were extracted, using a double-blinded procedure. The studies were classified by the level of evidence and degrees of recommendation. The 63.15% (n = 24) of the studies used the MBI. High emotional exhaustion was found in the 31% of the nurses, 24% of high depersonalisation and low personal accomplishment was found in the 38%. Factors related to burnout included professional experience, psychological factors and marital status. High emotional exhaustion prevalence rates, high depersonalisation and inadequate personal accomplishment are present among medical area nurses. The risk profile could be a single nurse, with multiple employments, who suffers work overload and with relatively little experience in this field. The problem addressed in this study influence the quality of care provided, on patients' well-being and on the occupational health of nurses.

Factores asociados con los niveles de burnout en enfermeros de urgencias y cuidados críticos / Nurse burnout in critical care units and emergency departments: intensity and associated factors

Objetivos. Describir los niveles de síndrome de burnout y su relación con variables sociodemográficas, laborales y psicológicas en enfermeras de emergencias y cuidados críticos. Método. Se realizó un estudio tipo encuesta en una muestra de enfermeras de emergencias y cuidados críticos de Andalucía (España). Las variables recogidas fueron datos sociodemográficos, laborales, tipo de personalidad, ansiedad, depresión y el nivel de burnout. Resultados. Del total de 1.721, se encuestaron 337 (19,5%) enfermeras. Un 38,5% de los participantes se encontraba en una fase de burnout alto. Un 10,5% de la muestra presentó un nivel alto de agotamiento emocional, un 16,8% obtuvo niveles altos de despersonalización y un 63,3% puntuó bajo en realización personal, obteniéndose relaciones significativas entre los factores de personalidad y la depresión con un nivel alto de burnout. Conclusiones. Más de un tercio de las enfermeras de emergencias y cuidados críticos presentaron un nivel de burnout alto. Los factores de personalidad y los niveles altos de depresión se asociaron con la presencia de síndrome de burnout en estos profesionales

Objectives. The aim of this study was to describe the level of nurse burnout in critical care units and emergency departments and to analyze the relation between intensity of burnout and sociodemographic, workplace, and psychological factors. Methods. Survey of a sample of emergency and critical care nurses in Andalusia, Spain. Sociodemographic and work variables as well as personality type, anxiety, depression, and level of burnout. Results. Of a total of 1721 critical care and emergency nurses in Andalusia, 337 (19.5%) were surveyed. A high level of burnout was detected in 38.5%. Emotional exhaustion was present in 10.5% of the sample, depersonalization in 16.8%, and a low level of personal accomplishment in 63.3%. A high burnout score was significantly associated with personality factors and depression. Conclusions. More than a third of emergency and critical care nurses experience a high level of burnout. Personality factors and high levels of depression are associated with burnout in nurses

Prevalence of burnout syndrome in oncology nursing: A meta-analytic study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and low personal accomplishment in nursing professionals in oncology services. METHODS: A meta-analytical study was performed. The search was carried out in March 2017 in Pubmed, CINAHL, Scopus, Scielo, Proquest, CUIDEN, and LILACS databases. Studies using Maslach Burnout Inventory for the assessment of burnout were included. RESULTS: The total sample of oncology nurses was n = 9959. The total number of included studies was n = 17, with n = 21 samples for the meta-analysis of emotional exhaustion and n = 18 for depersonalization and low personal accomplishment. The prevalence of emotional exhaustion and of depersonalization was 30% (95% CI = 26%-33%) and 15% (95% CI = 9%-23%), respectively, and that of low personal performance was 35% (95% CI = 27%-43%). CONCLUSIONS: The are many oncology nurses with emotional exhaustion and low levels of personal accomplishment. The presence and the risk of burnout among these staff members are considerable.

Burnout and its relationship with personality factors in oncology nurses.

PURPOSE: To assess burnout levels in oncology nurses, to evaluate at what stage of burnout suffering they are and to analyze the relationship between burnout with personality factors. METHOD: A quantitative, observational, cross-sectional multicenter study was done. Oncology nurses (n = 101) from the Andalusian Health Service (Andalusia, Spain) were included. The main variables were personality factors, assessed with the NEO-FFI questionnaire, anxiety and depression, assessed with the Educational-Clinical Questionnaire: Anxiety and Depression, and burnout, evaluated with the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Student t-statistic was used for hypothesis contrasts and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to establish the association between personality factors and burnout. RESULTS: According to the burnout phases model, 29.6% of the sample is in the most severe phases. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization are positively correlated with neuroticism and negatively correlated with agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion and openness. Personal accomplishment has a negative correlation with neuroticism and negative correlations with agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion and openness. Finally, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization have a positive correlation with anxiety and depression, while personal accomplishment has a negative correlation with anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS: A significant number of oncology nurses are in the most severe stages of burnout suffering. Personality factors have a key role in burnout development. The importance of personality factors in burnout development should be taken into account.

Are Socio-Demographic Factors Associated to Burnout Syndrome in Police Officers? A Correlational Meta-Analysis / ¿Están los factores sociodemográficos asociados al síndrome de burnout en policias? Un meta-análisis correlacional

Burnout is considered a long term stress reaction which is seen primarily among professionals who work face-to-face with other people. Socio-demographic characteristics have been suggested as risk factors to its development, although empirical studies have yield contradictory results. The objective of this study is to conduct a meta-analysis of four sociodemographic factors (age, sex, marital status, and number of children) that may be correlated to the Maslach Burnout Inventory dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment) in police officers. These professionals have been considered a high-risk occupational group to suffer burnout due to specific characteristics of their job. We collected 43 empirical studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria: 23 on age, 32 on sex, 9 on marital status, and 4 on number of children. The bivariate correlation coefficient was used as the effect size measure. The results show that all the average effect were small, and the majority of them were not statistically significant. We can conclude that sex and age are factors to discard in the development of the burnout in police officers. We found that many studies did not report enough statistical information to estimate effect sizes. This systematic lack of information is likely to contribute finding contradictory results

El síndrome de burnout se considera una reacción al estrés crónico que se ha observado principalmente en profesionales que trabajan de cara a otras personas. Las características sociodemográficas pueden afectar al desarrollo del síndrome, aunque los resultados obtenidos en los estudios empíricos han sido contradictorios. El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar una revisión meta-analítica sobre cuatro factores sociodemográficos (edad, sexo, estado civil y número de hijos) que pueden estar correlacionados con las dimensiones del Maslach Burnout Inventory (cansancio emocional, despersonalización y realización personal) en policías. Estos profesionales han sido considerados como un grupo de riesgo para desarrollar el síndrome debido a las características de su trabajo. Se obtuvieron 43 estudios empíricos que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión: 23 para edad, 32 para sexo, 9 para estado civil y 4 para número de hijos. Se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación bivariada como métrica del tamaño del efecto. Los resultados mostraron que todos los tamaños del efecto medio fueron bajos y la mayoría de ellos estadísticamente no significativos. Muchos de los estudios empíricos no informaban de suficiente información estadística para estimar los tamaños del efecto medio. Esta falta sistemática de información puede estar contribuyendo a que se sigan encontrando resultados contradictorios

Prevalencia bayesiana y niveles de burnout en enfermería de urgencias. Una revisión sistemática / Bayesian prevalence and burnout levels in emergency nurses. A systematic review

Este trabajo tiene como objetivos conocer los niveles de burnout, estimar la prevalencia del trastorno asi como analizar las relaciones entre algunos factores de riesgo y el síndrome en profesionales de enfermería que trabajan en servicios de urgencias. Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática de estudios primarios cuantitativos que midiesen el síndrome de burnout en enfermeros del servicio de urgencias. La búsqueda se realizó en octubre de 2014 en las siguientes bases: CINAHL, CUIDEN, IBECS, LILACS, Pubmed, Proquest, Psycinfo, Scielo, Scopus y la Biblioteca Cochrane. Siguiendo los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se obtuvo una muestra final de 27 estudios. Se han encontrado mayoritariamente niveles medios y altos en la dimensión cansancio emocional. En la dimensión despersonalización los valores han sido principalmente de nivel intermedio aunque también se han encontrado estudios que informan de niveles altos. En la dimensión realización personal no existe consenso en la literatura revisada sobre un nivel más prevalente. Variables como el género, el turno de trabajo y la carga horaria, entre otras, son factores de riesgo de burnout. Los trabajos revisados informan de niveles intermedios y altos en todas las dimensiones del burnout y concluyen que la prevalencia de burnout en enfermeros de servicios de urgencias es alta. Algunos factores de riesgo sociodemográficos, como edad y sexo, otros laborales como antigüedad en la profesión y servicio, y alguno psicológico, como ansiedad, juegan un papel importante por su relación con el burnout.

This research sought to explore the level of burnout, to estimate its prevalence, and to analyze the relationships among some risk factors and the syndrome in nurses working at emergency departments. A systematic review of primary quantitative studies that measure the burnout syndrome in emergency department nurses has been performed. The search was done in October 2014 in these databases: CINAHL, CUIDEN, IBECS, LILACS, Pubmed, Proquest, Psycinfo, SciELO, Scopus and Cochrane Library. A sample of 27 studies was obtained following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Medium and high levels of emotional exhaustion dimension were mostly found. Depersonalization dimension values were mainly middle level, but also some studies found reported high levels. As for the personal accomplishment dimension, there was no consensus as to the most prevalent level in the literature reviewed. Variables such as gender, work shift and workload among others, can play a role as risk factors. The studies reviewed report medium and high level of each burnout dimension, and conclude that the prevalence of burnout in emergency nurses is high. Some sociodemographic risk factors such as age and sex, other occupational risk factors such as seniority in the profession and service, and some psychological risk factors such as anxiety, play an important role in the relationship with burnout.

Psychometric properties and scales of the Granada Burnout Questionnaire applied to nurses / Propiedades psicométricas y baremos del Cuestionario de Burnout Granada en profesionales de enfermería

Nurses are an occupational group with extremely high levels of burnout. The most accepted definition of the burnout syndrome was proposed by Maslach and Jackson, who characterized it in terms of three dimensions: (i) Emotional Exhaustion; (ii) Depersonalization; (iii) Personal Accomplishment. This definition was the basis for the Granada Burnout Questionnaire (GBQ). The objective of this research was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the GBQ and to elaborate an evaluation scale to measure burnout in nursing professionals in Spain. A total of 1,177 nurses participated in this study and successfully completed the GBQ. Evidence of construct validity was verified by cross-validation and convergent validity, and evidence of criteria validity was checked by concurrent validity. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure internal consistency. The results obtained in our study show satisfactory fit values in the confirmatory factor analysis and in the evidence of convergent and concurrent validity. All of the Cronbach alpha values were greater than .83. This signifies that the GBQ has good psychometric properties that are applicable to nurses. For this purpose a scale of T-scores and centiles was created that permitted the evaluation of burnout in Spanish nursing professionals (AU)

Los enfermeros son uno de los colectivos profesionales que presentan mayores niveles de burnout. La definición más aceptada de este trastorno fue propuesta por Maslach y Jackson, y se caracteriza por Cansancio Emocional, Despersonalización y Realización Personal. Esta definición operativa fue usada en la elaboración del Cuestionario de Burnout Granada (CBG). El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del CBG y elaborar un baremo para profesionales de enfermería españoles. El CBG era cumplimentado por 1177 enfermeros. Las evidencias de validez de constructo fueron examinadas usando estrategias de validez cruzada y validez convergente, y las evidencias de validez de criterio mediante la validez concurrente. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach se utilizó para medir la consistencia interna. Los resultados indican índices de ajuste satisfactorio en el análisis factorial confirmatorio, y en las evidencias de validez convergente y concurrente. Todos los valores de alfa de Cronbach fueron superiores a 0,83. Los resultados muestran que el CBG tiene buenas propiedades psicométricas para ser usado en enfermeros. Se elaboró un baremo en puntuaciones T y centiles que permite evaluar burnout en enfermeros españoles (AU)

Risk factors and prevalence of burnout syndrome in the nursing profession.

BACKGROUND: The burnout syndrome is beginning to be regarded as an occupational illness of high prevalence among nursing in Spain. Individuals suffering from the syndrome manifest important health problems. More information about prevalence and risk factors for burnout is needed to prevent the syndrome and to determine the most appropriate clinical interventions when the disorder appears. OBJECTIVES: Burnout levels were evaluated in a group of nurses. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of burnout, to identify the variables related to burnout and to propose a risk profile for this syndrome among the nursing personnel. SETTING: The study was carried out in public health centers in Andalusia (Spain). METHODS: The sample consisted of 676 nursing professionals from public health centers. Dependent variables were the three Burnout dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. Independent variables were socio-demographic, organizational, personality-related variables. RESULTS: The nurses manifested average to high burnout levels. There were statistically significant differences in burnout levels associated with the following variables: age, gender, marital status, having children, level of healthcare, type of work shift, healthcare service areas and conducting administrative tasks. Burnout was also associated with personality-related variables. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of burnout among nursing professionals is high. Gender, age, marital status, level of healthcare, work shift and healthcare service areas predicted at least one of the dimensions of the syndrome. Neuroticism, agreeability, extraversion and conscientiousness are personality traits that predict at least two of the dimensions of burnout syndrome in nurses. Therefore, personality factors should be considered in any theory of risk profiles for developing burnout syndrome in the nursing profession.

Psychometric properties and scales of the Granada Burnout Questionnaire applied to nurses.

Nurses are an occupational group with extremely high levels of burnout. The most accepted definition of the burnout syndrome was proposed by Maslach and Jackson, who characterized it in terms of three dimensions: (i) Emotional Exhaustion; (ii) Depersonalization; (iii) Personal Accomplishment. This definition was the basis for the Granada Burnout Questionnaire (GBQ). The objective of this research was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the GBQ and to elaborate an evaluation scale to measure burnout in nursing professionals in Spain. A total of 1,177 nurses participated in this study and successfully completed the GBQ. Evidence of construct validity was verified by cross-validation and convergent validity, and evidence of criteria validity was checked by concurrent validity. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure internal consistency. The results obtained in our study show satisfactory fit values in the confirmatory factor analysis and in the evidence of convergent and concurrent validity. All of the Cronbach alpha values were greater than .83. This signifies that the GBQ has good psychometric properties that are applicable to nurses. For this purpose a scale of T-scores and centiles was created that permitted the evaluation of burnout in Spanish nursing professionals.

Los enfermeros son uno de los colectivos profesionales que presentan mayores niveles de burnout. La definición más aceptada de este trastorno fue propuesta por Maslach y Jackson, y se caracteriza por Cansancio Emocional, Despersonalización y Realización Personal. Esta definición operativa fue usada en la elaboración del Cuestionario de Burnout Granada (CBG). El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del CBG y elaborar un baremo para profesionales de enfermería españoles. El CBG era cumplimentado por 1177 enfermeros. Las evidencias de validez de constructo fueron examinadas usando estrategias de validez cruzada y validez convergente, y las evidencias de validez de criterio mediante la validez concurrente. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach se utilizó para medir la consistencia interna. Los resultados indican índices de ajuste satisfactorio en el análisis factorial confirmatorio, y en las evidencias de validez convergente y concurrente. Todos los valores de alfa de Cronbach fueron superiores a 0,83. Los resultados muestran que el CBG tiene buenas propiedades psicométricas para ser usado en enfermeros. Se elaboró un baremo en puntuaciones T y centiles que permite evaluar burnout en enfermeros españoles.

Analysis of the life-style and dietary habits of a population of adolescents / Análisis de hábitos en salud y estilo de vida en una población de adolescentes

Objectives: The aims of this study were: (i) to ascertain whether the nutritional status of a population of secondary school students had improved after an educational intervention; (ii) to analyze whether students had adopted healthier eating and exercise habits after participating in a health education intervention; (iii) to discover whether the students spent less time on sedentary leisure activities after the intervention. Sample and methodology: The population of the sample consisted of 138 adolescents, age range was between 14-19 years old: 67 males (48.6%) and 71 females (51.4%). They were students at two public secondary schools in the city of Almería (Spain). In the first phase (15-30 september 2011) of this three-phase study, the nutritional status of the students was assessed by means of anthropometry. In the second phase (1 october 2012-15 june 2012), the students participated in an educational intervention that fomented awareness of the benefits derived from healthy eating habits and physical exercise. In the third and final phase (16-31 june 2012), the effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated. Results: After the intervention, statistically significant differences (p < 0.000) were found in relation to the nutritional status of all the students evaluated, regardless of their sex. In reference to the adoption of healthy habits after the intervention, statistical significant differences were observed in the Krece Plus test (p < 0.000) and in the practice of physical exercise (p = 0.006). In the case of sedentary leisure activities, there was also a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.000) in the number of hours spent watching television for both male and female subjects. Conclusion: The results of this study show the effectiveness of the contents, activities, and duration of this health education intervention to encourage the subjects to modify their dietary and exercise habits (AU)

Objetivos: En primer lugar verificar una posible mejora del estado nutricional en una población de alumnos tras el desarrollo de una intervención educativa. Comprobar la adopción de hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física saludables por los alumnos, tras el desarrollo de una intervención educativa en salud. Por último, verificar una reducción en el tiempo que los alumnos dedican al ocio sedentario. Muestra y metodología: La población de estudio estaba compuesta por 138 adolescentes de entre 14 y 19 años de edad, 67 chicos (48,6%) y 71 chicas (51,4 %), pertenecientes a dos centros educativos públicos de la ciudad de Almería (España). El estudio se articuló en tres fases. Una primera etapa, que comprendería la segunda quincena del mes de septiembre de 2011. En ella se realizó una valoración del estado nutricional de todos los alumnos mediante antropometría. Una segunda etapa (desde octubre de 2011 hasta la primera quincena de junio de 2012), donde tendría lugar la intervención educativa sobre alimentación saludable y actividad física. Y una última fase (segunda quincena de junio de 2012), donde sería evaluada la eficacia de la intervención desarrollada. Resultados: Tras la intervención, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,000) con una mejora del estado nutricional de todos los alumnos valorados con independencia de su sexo. Respecto de la adopción de hábitos saludables, se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las puntuaciones del test Krece plus (p < 0,000) y en la práctica de actividad física (p = 0,006) tras la intervención. En el caso de la variable ocio sedentario, tras la intervención educativa, se puso de manifiesto una reducción también estadísticamente significativa (p<0,000) en ambos sexos en el número de horas dedicadas a ver la televisión. Conclusiones: Los resultados alcanzados ponen de manifiesto la efectividad de los procedimientos aplicados en esta intervención para modificar hábitos alimentarios (AU)

Analysis of the life-style and dietary habits of a population of adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were: (i) to ascertain whether the nutritional status of a population of secondary school students had improved after an educational intervention; (ii) to analyze whether students had adopted healthier eating and exercise habits after participating in a health education intervention; (iii) to discover whether the students spent less time on sedentary leisure activities after the intervention. SAMPLE AND METHODOLOGY: The population of the sample consisted of 138 adolescents, age range was between 14-19 years old: 67 males (48.6%) and 71 females (51.4%). They were students at two public secondary schools in the city of Almería (Spain). In the first phase (15-30 September 2011) of this three-phase study, the nutritional status of the students was assessed by means of anthropometry. In the second phase (1 October 2012-15 June 2012), the students participated in an educational intervention that fomented awareness of the benefits derived from healthy eating habits and physical exercise. In the third and final phase (16-31 June 2012), the effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated. RESULTS: After the intervention, statistically significant differences (p < 0.000) were found in relation to the nutritional status of all the students evaluated, regardless of their sex. In reference to the adoption of healthy habits after the intervention, statistical significant differences were observed in the Krece Plus test (p < 0.000) and in the practice of physical exercise (p = 0.006). In the case of sedentary leisure activities, there was also a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.000) in the number of hours spent watching television for both male and female subjects. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show the effectiveness of the contents, activities, and duration of this health education intervention to encourage the subjects to modify their dietary and exercise habits.

Objetivos: En primer lugar verificar una posible mejora del estado nutricional en una población de alumnos tras el desarrollo de una intervención educativa. Comprobar la adopción de hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física saludables por los alumnos, tras el desarrollo de una intervención educativa en salud. Por último, verificar una reducción en el tiempo que los alumnos dedican al ocio sedentario. Muestra y metodología: La población de estudio estaba compuesta por 138 adolescentes de entre 14 y 19 años de edad, 67 chicos (48,6%) y 71 chicas (51,4 %), pertenecientes a dos centros educativos públicos de la ciudad de Almería (España). El estudio se articuló en tres fases. Una primera etapa, que comprendería la segunda quincena del mes de septiembre de 2011. En ella se realizó una valoración del estado nutricional de todos los alumnos mediante antropometría. Una segunda etapa (desde octubre de 2011 hasta la primera quincena de junio de 2012), donde tendría lugar la intervención educativa sobre alimentación saludable y actividad física. Y una última fase (segunda quincena de junio de 2012), donde sería evaluada la eficacia de la intervención desarrollada. Resultados: Tras la intervención, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativa (p.