Pautas para el seguimiento clínico del niño pequeño para la edad gestacional / Follow-up of the small-for-gestational-age child: clinical guidelines

Introducción: El grupo de trabajo para el estudio del niño nacido pequeño para edad gestacional (PEG) de la Sociedad de Endocrinología Pediátrica (SEEP) propone este documento de recomendaciones para el seguimiento y manejo de los niños PEG atendiendo a la morbilidad específica de estos, derivada de su condición PEG y a las consecuencias en la edad adulta. Material y métodos: Actualmente, el manejo de estos pacientes presenta una variabilidad entre los distintos centros y profesionales de la salud. En este documento, definimos los criterios auxológicos de PEG según los actuales consensos internacionales, incluido el paciente prematuro que cumple criterios de PEG; pero excluido el seguimiento de pacientes con cuadros sindrómicos que pueden cursar con bajo peso de nacimiento. También presentamos las posibles patologías asociadas a la condición de PEG y recomendamos tratamientos específicos y medidas preventivas. Conclusiones: El bajo peso al nacimiento es la principal causa de morbilidad en la infancia y está asociado a un mayor potencial de problemas de salud en edades posteriores de la vida. La niñez supone una ventana temporal crítica donde el desarrollo de estos eventuales riesgos para la salud es potencialmente reversible, mediante la intervención ambiental y la modificación hacia estilos de vida más saludables. En consecuencia, este documento no solo debería ser de utilidad para los pediatras de atención primaria, sino también para neonatólogos, endocrinólogos pediátricos, neuropediatras y gastroenterólogos infantiles, así como también para los padres de estos niños(AU)

Introduction: In this document the Small for Gestational Age (SGA) Child Working Group of the Spanish Society for Paediatric Endocrinology proposes the guidelines for the management and follow-up of SGA children, highlighting the potential morbidity arising from the SGA condition and its consequences in adulthood. Material and methods: There is currently a wide variability in the management of the SGA child between health centres and health professionals. The diagnostic criteria for SGA according to the last international consensus guidelines are defined, which also include preterm SGA patients but excluding those patients in whom low birth weigh is associated with specific syndromes. We also outline the potential abnormalities associated with the SGA condition and recommend specific therapeutic and preventative measures. Conclusions: Low birth weight remains a major cause of morbidity in childhood and is associated with an increased risk of health problems later in life. Childhood is a critical window during which some of the risk factors accounting for this sequence are potentially reversible, with healthy lifestyle measures and environmental intervention. Accordingly, these guidelines should be useful not only for Primary Care Paediatricians but also for Neonatologists, Paediatric Endocrinologists, Neuropaediatricians and Pediatric Gastroenterologists, and also for the parents(AU)

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Predictors of the persistence of childhood asthma.

BACKGROUND: The factors relevant to the prognosis of childhood asthma differ from one population to another. OBJECTIVES: To characterize the course of childhood asthma in the catchment area of our hospital, and to identify prognostic factors for this population. METHODS: All children given a diagnosis of asthma in the paediatric pulmonology service of a tertiary hospital were followed up for 5 years. RESULTS: Satisfactory control of asthma was achieved in 69 % of cases. The factors identified as associated with poor control were allergy to cats and pollen, a large number of crises in the year prior to diagnosis, and younger age at onset. CONCLUSIONS: In our region, childhood asthma has a relatively favourable prognosis. The subsequent course of the disease appears to be determined in childhood. The persistence of symptoms appears to depend to a significant extent on the degree of atopy.

Predictors of the persistence of childhood asthma

Background. The factors relevant to the prognosis of childhood asthma differ from one population to another. Objectives. To characterize the course of childhood asthma in the catchment area of our hospital, and to identify prognostic factors for this population. Methods. All children given a diagnosis of asthma in the paediatric pulmonology service of a tertiary hospital were followed up for 5 years. Results. Satisfactory control of asthma was achieved in 69 % of cases. The factors identified as associated with poor control were allergy to cats and pollen, a large number of crises in the year prior to diagnosis, and younger age at onset. Conclusions. In our region, childhood asthma has a relatively favourable prognosis. The subsequent course of the disease appears to be determined in childhood. The persistence of symptoms appears to depend to a significant extent on the degree of atopy

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[Ingestion of foreign bodies containing lead]. / Ingestión de cuerpos extraños de plomo.

Ingestion of a foreign body containing lead in children carries the additional risk of acute lead poisoning secondary to dissolution and absorption of the ingested lead in the acid environment of the stomach. We report the case of a 3-year-old girl who ingested a lead sinker. The patient was asymptomatic but therapy with a proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole) was empirically started on admission and the foreign body was removed from the stomach by emergency endoscopy within 6 hours of ingestion. Despite the quick removal, blood lead levels (drawn 3 hours after ingestion) exceeded 40 .g/dl. The patient completely recovered and continues to do well after 1 year of follow-up. This case reveals that acute elevations of blood lead concentrations may occur rapidly after ingestion of lead foreign bodies. Even in the absence of symptoms, lead foreign body ingestion in children should prompt lead screening and initiation of appropriate treatment.

Ingestión de cuerpos extraños de plomo / Ingestion of foreign bodies containing lead

La ingestión de cuerpos extraños de contenido plúmbico tiene el riesgo adicional de ocasionar una intoxicación aguda por plomo secundaria a la disolución y absorción del plomo ingerido en el ambiente ácido del estómago. Se presenta el caso de una niña de 3 años que ingirió una plomada de pesca. La paciente estaba asintomática, pero se inició tratamiento empírico con un inhibidor de bomba de protones (omeprazol) a su llegada a urgencias y el cuerpo extraño se extrajo urgentemente mediante endoscopia a las 6 h de su ingestión. A pesar de la rápida actuación, los valores de plomo en sangre (obtenidos a las 3 h de la ingesta) excedieron los 40 μg/dl. La paciente se recuperó por completo y continúa sana tras un año de seguimiento. Este caso revela que tras la ingesta de cuerpos extraños plúmbicos se puede producir una elevación rápida de los valores de plomo en sangre. Incluso en ausencia de síntomas, ante la ingestión de cuerpos extraños con contenido plúmbico en pacientes pediátricos, debe evaluarse el nivel de plomo en sangre e instaurarse tratamiento adecuado

Ingestion of a foreign body containing lead in children carries the additional risk of acute lead poisoning secondary to dissolution and absorption of the ingested lead in the acid environment of the stomach. We report the case of a 3-year-old girl who ingested a lead sinker. The patient was asymptomatic but therapy with a proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole) was empirically started on admission and the foreign body was removed from the stomach by emergency endoscopy within 6 hours of ingestion. Despite the quick removal, blood lead levels (drawn 3 hours after ingestion) exceeded 40 μg/dl. The patient completely recovered and continues to do well after 1 year of follow-up. This case reveals that acute elevations of blood lead concentrations may occur rapidly after ingestion of lead foreign bodies. Even in the absence of symptoms, lead foreign body ingestion in children should prompt lead screening and initiation of appropriate treatment

Cambio de actitudes respecto al uso de casco en bicicleta después de sufrir un accidente grave / Change attitude to bicycle helmets after serious accidents

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