Infective endocarditis caused by Enterobacteriaceae: phenotypic and molecular characterization of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The etiological agent for infective endocarditis (IE), a life-threatening disease, is usually gram-positive bacteria. However, gram-negative bacteria can rarely cause IE and 4% of cases are associated with morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to characterize Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from the blood of patients with IE. The characteristics of blood isolates were compared with those of urinary isolates from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs). The results of this study revealed that K. pneumoniae isolates from patients with IE were phylogenetically related to those from patients with UTI. Additionally, the resistance phenotype, resistance gene, virulence gene, and plasmid profiles were similar between the blood and urinary isolates. The isolates belonging to the sequence types (STs) 76, 36, 101 (K. pneumoniae), and 69 (E. coli) are reported to be associated with drug resistance. The Enterobacteriaceae isolates from patients with IE did not produce extended-spectrum ß-lactamase or carbapenemase. Additionally, this study investigated the virulence phenotype, biofilm formation ability, and the ability to adhere to the epithelial cells in vitro of the isolates. The isolates from patients with IE exhibited weaker biofilm formation ability than the urinary isolates. All isolates from patients with IE could adhere to the renal epithelial cells. However, three isolates from patients with UTIs could not adhere to the epithelial cells. The closely related K. pneumoniae isolates (648, KP1, KP2, KP3, and KP4) could not form biofilms or adhere to the epithelial cells. In summary, the molecular analysis revealed that the genetic characteristics of IE-causing K. pneumoniae and E. coli were similar to those of UTI-causing isolates. These isolates belonged to the STs that are considered treatable. Genetically similar isolates did not exhibit the same virulence phenotype. Thus, these non-hypervirulent clones must be monitored as they can cause complex infections in susceptible hosts.

Endocarditis due to Rhodotorula mucilaginosa in a kidney transplanted patient: case report and review of medical literature.

Introduction. Endocarditis caused by yeasts is currently an emerging cause of infective endocarditis and, when accompanied byfever of unknown origin, is more severe since interferes with proper diagnosis and endocarditis treatment. Case presentation. The Rio de Janeiro Infective Endocarditis Study Group reports a case of infectious endocarditis (IE) with negative blood cultures in a 45-year-old white female resident in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, previously submitted to kidney transplantation. After diagnosis and intervention, the valve culture revealed Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. The clinical aspects and overview of endocarditis caused by Rhodotorula spp. demonstrated that R. muscilaginosa have been isolated from the last IE cases from kidney transplanted patients. Conclusion. Though most of the patients (in literature) recovered well from endocarditis caused by Rhodotorula spp., physicians must be aware for diagnosis of fungemia and fungal treatment in kidney transplanted patients suffering of fever of unknown origin in the modern immunosuppressive treatment.

Aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e laboratoriais das bartoneloses em crianças do Rio de Janeiro / Clinical, epidemiological and laboratory aspects of bartonellosis in children in Rio de Janeiro

As bartoneloses são doenças mundialmente dispersas causadas por bactérias gramnegativas do gênero Bartonella. Com mais de 24 espécies reconhecidas, B. bacilliformis, B.henselae e B. quintana são os principais e mais comuns agentes causadores de doença emhumanos. Na literatura existem relatos de casos isolados e alguns estudos de prevalênciasorológica sobre a doença, a maioria realizados em pacientes adultos, com escassainformação sobre a sua apresentação e a epidemiologia nas crianças. A proposta desseestudo retrospectivo foi analisar uma série casos de bartonelose em pacientes abaixo de 16anos, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, durante o período de 2006 a 2012, a partir dos dadossecundßrios obtidos no banco de dados do Laboratório de Referência Nacional paraRickettsioses, Laboratório de Hantavirose e Rickettsioses do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio deJaneiro. Dos 36 confirmados por anßlise sorológica utilizando teste de imunofluorescênciacomercial, com títulos de corte de 64, e/ ou por reação em cadeia da polimerase, 19 casos(52,7 por cento) foram do sexo feminino, com uma variação por faixa etßria de zero a 16 anos, 19(52,7 por cento) tinham entre 11 e 16 anos de idade. A maioria dos casos - 22 casos (61,1 por cento) -, foiprocedente do município do Rio de Janeiro, com mais cinco (13,8 por cento ) e três (8,3 por cento) empacientes residentes nos municípios de Duque de Caxias e Nova Iguaçu. A informaçãosobre contato com gato estava disponível em apenas sete (19,4 por cento)...

Bartonelloses are globally dispersed diseases caused by gram-negative bacteria fromBartonella genus. With over 24 recognized species, B. bacilliformis, B. henselae and B.Quintana are the main and most common disease-causing agents in humans. In theliterature, there are reports of isolated cases and some seroprevalence studies about thedisease, most performed in adult patients, with limited information about its presentation andepidemiology in children. The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze a caseseries of bartonellosis in patients aged less than 16 years, in the State of Rio de Janeiro,during the period 2006-2012. We assessed secondary data from the National ReferenceLaboratory for Rickettsiosis, Laboratory of Hantaviroses and Rickettsioses of Oswaldo CruzInstitute, Rio de Janeiro. Nineteen cases (52,7 percent), from 36 confirmed by serological analysisusing commercial immunofluorescence test, with antibody cut off titers of 64 , and / orpolymerase chain reaction, were female, with an age variation from zero to 16 years old, 19(52.7 percent) were between 11 and 16 years old. Most of cases - 22 (61.1 percent) û were found in thecity of Rio de Janeiro, with another five (13.8 percent) and three (8.3 percent) in patients residing in thecities of Duque de Caxias and Nova Iguaçu. Information about contact with cats wasavailable in just seven (19,4 percent). Clinical manifestations observed in this study were similar tothose described in the literature, in which it was possible to identify cat scratch disease(CSD), fever of unknown origin, and hepatosplenic form...