A cross-sectional study on the quality of life and psychosocial risk of migrant workers. / Estudio transversal sobre la calidad de vida y el riesgo psicosocial de trabajadores migrantes.

Introduction: Migration figures place Chile as one of the South American countries with the highest rate of migrants. The present study estimated the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, quality of life, and psychosocial occupational risks in migrant workers from the Maule region. Methods: Cross-sectional study with migrant workers between 18 and 60 years of age residing in the Maule region (n = 145). The applied questionnaires were: a psychosocial risk questionnaire, a health and quality of life questionnaire, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. A bivariate statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal Wallis, Spearman correlation, and multiple linear regression models. Results: In Chile, 21% of the migrants maintained the same work activity as in their country of origin. Although the quality of life in physical and mental health is adequate, 52% have low psychological demands at work, 48.9% have low levels of active work and development skills, 57.7% have a high-risk level of compensation and self-esteem, and 65.5% have a high-risk level of double presence at work. Migrants with a higher quality of life in the physical health dimension have a lower risk of maintaining a balance between effort and reward; they worked 44 hours a week and did not work directly at Maule. Migrants with a higher quality of life in the mental health dimension have a lower risk of emotional demands, perceive greater social support in the company, and are less concerned about domestic chores. Conclusions: Migrants with lower quality of life in the physical health dimension presented less compensation at work and recognition, came to work directly in the region, and had jobs with fewer contract hours. Workers with lower quality of life in their mental health exhibited a greater risk of psychological demands at work and perceived low social support in the company; they were concerned about having to respond to domestic and salaried work.

Introducción: Las cifras migratorias sitúan a Chile como uno de los países sudamericanos con mayor número de migrantes. El presente estudio estimó la relación entre características sociodemográficas, calidad de vida y riesgos psicosociales laborales en migrantes trabajadores de la región del Maule. Métodos: Estudio transversal con trabajadores migrantes entre 18 y 60 años, residentes en la Región del Maule (n = 145). Las encuestas aplicadas fueron: Cuestionario de riesgo psicosocial, Cuestionario de salud y calidad de vida y Cuestionario sociodemográfico. Se realizó un análisis estadístico bivariado con pruebas no paramétricas de U de Mann Whitney, Kruskal Wallis, correlación de Spearman y modelos de regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados: Un 21% de los migrantes mantuvo en Chile la misma actividad laboral a la que se dedicaban en su país de origen. Si bien la calidad de vida de la salud física y mental es adecuada, 52% presenta bajas demandas psicológicas en el trabajo, 48,9% bajos niveles de trabajo activo y habilidades de desarrollo, 57,7% tiene un nivel de alto riesgo en la compensación y la autoestima, y 65,5% un nivel de alto riesgo de doble presencia en el trabajo. Los migrantes con mayor calidad de vida en la dimensión salud física presentan menor riesgo de mantener el equilibrio entre el esfuerzo y recompensa, poseen un trabajo de 44 horas a la semana y no llegaron a trabajar directamente al Maule. Los migrantes con mayor calidad de vida en la dimensión salud mental poseen menor riesgo en las demandas emocionales, perciben mayor apoyo social en la empresa y menor preocupación por las tareas domésticas. Conclusiones: Los migrantes con menor calidad de vida en la dimensión salud física, presentan menores compensaciones en el trabajo, bajo reconocimiento, llegaron directamente a trabajar a la región y poseían trabajos con menos horas de contrato. Los trabajadores con menor calidad de vida en su salud mental exhiben mayor riesgo en las exigencias psicológicas en el trabajo, perciben bajo apoyo social en la empresa y preocupación por responder al trabajo doméstico y al asalariado.

Estudio transversal sobre la calidad de vida y el riesgo psicosocial de trabajadores migrantes / A cross-sectional study on the quality of life and psychosocial risk of migrant workers

Introducción Las cifras migratorias sitúan a Chile como uno de los países sudamericanos con mayor número de migrantes. El presente estudio estimó la relación entre características sociodemográficas, calidad de vida y riesgos psicosociales laborales en migrantes trabajadores de la región del Maule. Métodos Estudio transversal con trabajadores migrantes entre 18 y 60 años, residentes en la Región del Maule (n = 145). Las encuestas aplicadas fueron: Cuestionario de riesgo psicosocial, Cuestionario de salud y calidad de vida y Cuestionario sociodemográfico. Se realizó un análisis estadístico bivariado con pruebas no paramétricas de U de Mann Whitney, Kruskal Wallis, correlación de Spearman y modelos de regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados Un 21% de los migrantes mantuvo en Chile la misma actividad laboral a la que se dedicaban en su país de origen. Si bien la calidad de vida de la salud física y mental es adecuada, 52% presenta bajas demandas psicológicas en el trabajo, 48,9% bajos niveles de trabajo activo y habilidades de desarrollo, 57,7% tiene un nivel de alto riesgo en la compensación y la autoestima, y 65,5% un nivel de alto riesgo de doble presencia en el trabajo. Los migrantes con mayor calidad de vida en la dimensión salud física presentan menor riesgo de mantener el equilibrio entre el esfuerzo y recompensa, poseen un trabajo de 44 horas a la semana y no llegaron a trabajar directamente al Maule. Los migrantes con mayor calidad de vida en la dimensión salud mental poseen menor riesgo en las demandas emocionales, perciben mayor apoyo social en la empresa y menor preocupación por las tareas domésticas. Conclusiones Los migrantes con menor calidad de vida en la dimensión salud física, presentan menores compensaciones en el trabajo, bajo reconocimiento, llegaron directamente a trabajar a la región y poseían trabajos con menos horas de contrato. Los trabajadores con menor calidad de vida en su salud mental exhiben mayor riesgo en las exigencias psicológicas en el trabajo, perciben bajo apoyo social en la empresa y preocupación por responder al trabajo doméstico y al asalariado.

Introduction Migration figures place Chile as one of the South American countries with the highest rate of migrants. The present study estimated the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, quality of life, and psychosocial occupational risks in migrant workers from the Maule region. Methods Cross-sectional study with migrant workers between 18 and 60 years of age residing in the Maule region (n = 145). The applied questionnaires were: a psychosocial risk questionnaire, a health and quality of life questionnaire, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. A bivariate statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal Wallis, Spearman correlation, and multiple linear regression models. Results In Chile, 21% of the migrants maintained the same work activity as in their country of origin. Although the quality of life in physical and mental health is adequate, 52% have low psychological demands at work, 48.9% have low levels of active work and development skills, 57.7% have a high-risk level of compensation and self-esteem, and 65.5% have a high-risk level of double presence at work. Migrants with a higher quality of life in the physical health dimension have a lower risk of maintaining a balance between effort and reward; they worked 44 hours a week and did not work directly at Maule. Migrants with a higher quality of life in the mental health dimension have a lower risk of emotional demands, perceive greater social support in the company, and are less concerned about domestic chores. Conclusions Migrants with lower quality of life in the physical health dimension presented less compensation at work and recognition, came to work directly in the region, and had jobs with fewer contract hours. Workers with lower quality of life in their mental health exhibited a greater risk of psychological demands at work and perceived low social support in the company; they were concerned about having to respond to domestic and salaried work.

Pesquisa activa a la COVID-19: conocimientos de los estudiantes de las ciencias médicas de Camagüey / Active COVID-19 screening: the knowledge of medical sciences students from Camagüey

Introducción: Una vez diagnosticado el primer caso de COVID-19 en Cuba ya existía diseñado un escenario de capacitación para los estudiantes de todas las carreras de las ciencias médicas que en su formación deben interiorizar las responsabilidades que la medicina implica, y que no solo se limita a la adquisición de conocimientos científicos y académicos. Objetivo: Determinar los conocimientos de los estudiantes de las ciencias médicas de Camagüey para realizar la pesquisa activa a la COVID-19. Métodos: Se hizo un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal en septiembre de 2021. El universo de estudio fue de 2573 estudiantes, pertenecientes a todas las carreras de ciencias médicas, que se encontraban en el pesquisaje activo a la COVID-19 en el municipio Camagüey. Por muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia se seleccionó una muestra de 416 estudiantes en ocho áreas de salud de este municipio. Se elaboró y validó una encuesta descriptiva, cualitativa, personal, que contenía preguntas abiertas y cerradas. Resultados: La muestra estuvo representada por el sexo femenino en un 70,7 por ciento y el mayor porcentaje perteneció de la facultad de medicina con el 73 por ciento. El 55 por ciento respondió tener una buena preparación para la realización de la pesquisa activa a la COVID-19 y el 79,8 % reconoció a la televisión como la vía más significativa para la adquisición de los conocimientos. El 93,3 por ciento consideró los métodos clínico y epidemiológico como significativos para desarrollar la actividad. Conclusiones: En la presente investigación predominó el sexo femenino; asimismo, se reconoció a la televisión como la mejor vía para la adquisición de conocimientos y la mayoría de los participantes expresó el valor del método clínico epidemiológico para adquirir conocimientos. Se consideró que se debía dotar a los estudiantes de las herramientas para su autopreparación para explotar aún más el escenario virtual y las plataformas vigentes(AU)

Introduction: When the first case of COVID-19 was diagnosed in Cuba, a training setting had already been designed for students of all the majors in the field of medical sciences who, as part of their training, should internalize the responsibilities that medicine implies, which is not only limited to the acquisition of scientific and academic knowledge. Objective: To determine the medical sciences students from Camagüey's knowledge for performing active COVID-19 screening. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in September 2021. The study universe was 2573 students, belonging to all the majors in the field of medical sciences who were involved in active COVID-19 screening within the Camagüey Municipality. A sample of 416 students was selected in eight health areas of this municipality, by using nonprobabilistic convenience sampling. A descriptive, qualitative, individual survey containing open and closed questions was elaborated and validated. Results: The sample was represented by the female sex in a 70.7 percent, while the highest percentage belonged to the medical school (73 percent). 55 percent responded that they had a good training for carrying out active COVID-19 screening and 79.8 percent recognized television as the most significant way for knowledge acquisition. 93.3 percent considered that the clinical and epidemiological methods were significant to develop the activity. Conclusions: In the present research, the female sex predominated. Likewise, television was recognized as the best way for knowledge acquisition and most of the participants expressed the value of the clinical-epidemiological method for acquiring knowledge. It was considered that students should be provided with the tools for self-training to exploit the virtual setting and the active platforms even more(AU)

Collateral Effects of Insecticide-Treated Nets on Human and Environmental Safety in an Epidemiological Model for Malaria with Human Risk Perception.

Malaria remains a major health problem in many parts of the world, including Sub-Saharan Africa. Insecticide-treated nets, in combination with other control measures, have been effective in reducing malaria incidence over the past two decades. Nevertheless, there are concerns about improper handling and misuse of nets, producing possible health effects from intoxication and collateral environmental damage. The latter is caused, for instance, from artisanal fishing. We formulate a model of impulsive differential equations to describe the interplay between malaria dynamics, human intoxication, and ecosystem damage; affected by human awareness to these risks and levels of net usage. Our results show that an increase in mosquito net coverage reduces malaria prevalence and increases human intoxications. In addition, a high net coverage significantly reduces the risk perception to disease, naturally increases the awareness for intoxications from net handling, and scarcely increases the risk perception to collateral damage from net fishing. According to our model, campaigns aiming at reducing disease prevalence or intoxications are much more successful than those creating awareness to ecosystem damage. Furthermore, we can observe from our results that introducing closed fishing periods reduces environmental damage more significantly than strategies directed towards increasing the risk perception for net fishing.

Formación de valores en estudiantes de ciencias médicas mediante la pesquisa activa de la COVID-19 / Values formation in medical sciences students through the active COVID-19 screening

Introducción: Se exponen los resultados de una investigación realizada en estudiantes de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey que se encontraban realizando pesquisa activa de la COVID-19 en ocho áreas de salud del municipio Camagüey. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de la pesquisa activa de la COVID-19 en la formación de valores en los estudiantes de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey. Métodos: Se elaboró y aplicó una encuesta a 416 estudiantes de ciencias médicas seleccionados intencionalmente. Se evaluó la experiencia obtenida en la realización de la pesquisa activa a la COVID-19 y su influencia en el desempeño como futuros profesionales de la salud, los valores humanos fortalecidos en la realización de esta y las principales tendencias que influyeron en su formación. Resultados: En la muestra estudiada tuvieron una mayor representatividad el sexo femenino y la facultad de medicina. El 82 por ciento de los encuestados reconoció la importancia de la pesquisa activa en su desempeño como futuro profesional de la salud. La responsabilidad fue el valor que más se fortaleció; mientras que la adquisición de nuevos conocimientos y habilidades constituyó la tendencia a destacar en más del 45 por ciento de los encuestados. Conclusiones: La formación de valores desde la pesquisa activa a la COVID-19 ha representado una experiencia efectiva en el desarrollo integral de los estudiantes de ciencias médicas de Camagüey, ya que ha posibilitado combatir la epidemia; además, les ha permitido desarrollar habilidades, y valores humanos y profesionales de gran importancia para su futuro(AU)

Introduction: The results are presented of a research carried out in students from the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey who were involved in the active COVID-19 screening in eight health areas of Camagüey Municipality. Objective: To determine the influence of active COVID-19 screening on the formation of values in students from the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey. Methods: A survey was elaborated and applied to 416 intentionally selected students of medical sciences. The experience obtained in the active COVID-19 screening was assessed, as well as its influence in the students' performance as future health professionals, the human values strengthened in the task and the main tendencies that influenced such values formation. Results: In the sample studied, the female sex and the medical school were more representative. 82 percent of the surveyed students recognized the importance of active screening for their performance as future health professionals. Responsibility was the value that was most strengthened, while the acquisition of new knowledge and skills was the tendency to stand out in more than 45 percent of the respondents. Conclusions: Values formation from active COVID-19 screening has represented an effective experience in the comprehensive development of medical sciences students in Camagüey, since it has made it possible to confront the epidemic; in addition, it has allowed them to develop skills, as well as human and professional values of great importance for their future(AU)

Dengue Prediction in Latin America Using Machine Learning and the One Health Perspective: A Literature Review.

Dengue fever is a serious and growing public health problem in Latin America and elsewhere, intensified by climate change and human mobility. This paper reviews the approaches to the epidemiological prediction of dengue fever using the One Health perspective, including an analysis of how Machine Learning techniques have been applied to it and focuses on the risk factors for dengue in Latin America to put the broader environmental considerations into a detailed understanding of the small-scale processes as they affect disease incidence. Determining that many factors can act as predictors for dengue outbreaks, a large-scale comparison of different predictors over larger geographic areas than those currently studied is lacking to determine which predictors are the most effective. In addition, it provides insight into techniques of Machine Learning used for future predictive models, as well as general workflow for Machine Learning projects of dengue fever.

Effects of human mobility and behavior on disease transmission in a COVID-19 mathematical model.

Human interactions and perceptions about health risk are essential to understand the evolution over the course of a pandemic. We present a Susceptible-Exposed-Asymptomatic-Infectious-Recovered-Susceptible mathematical model with quarantine and social-distance-dependent transmission rates, to study COVID-19 dynamics. Human activities are split across different location settings: home, work, school, and elsewhere. Individuals move from home to the other locations at rates dependent on their epidemiological conditions and maintain a social distancing behavior, which varies with their location. We perform simulations and analyze how distinct social behaviors and restrictive measures affect the dynamic of the disease within a population. The model proposed in this study revealed that the main focus on the transmission of COVID-19 is attributed to the "home" location setting, which is understood as family gatherings including relatives and close friends. Limiting encounters at work, school and other locations will only be effective if COVID-19 restrictions occur simultaneously at all those locations and/or contact tracing or social distancing measures are effectively and strictly implemented, especially at the home setting.

An SIR-type epidemiological model that integrates social distancing as a dynamic law based on point prevalence and socio-behavioral factors.

Modeling human behavior within mathematical models of infectious diseases is a key component to understand and control disease spread. We present a mathematical compartmental model of Susceptible-Infectious-Removed to compare the infected curves given by four different functional forms describing the transmission rate. These depend on the distance that individuals keep on average to others in their daily lives. We assume that this distance varies according to the balance between two opposite thrives: the self-protecting reaction of individuals upon the presence of disease to increase social distancing and their necessity to return to a culturally dependent natural social distance that occurs in the absence of disease. We present simulations to compare results for different society types on point prevalence, the peak size of a first epidemic outbreak and the time of occurrence of that peak, for four different transmission rate functional forms and parameters of interest related to distancing behavior, such as: the reaction velocity of a society to change social distance during an epidemic. We observe the vulnerability to disease spread of close contact societies, and also show that certain social distancing behavior may provoke a small peak of a first epidemic outbreak, but at the expense of it occurring early after the epidemic onset, observing differences in this regard between society types. We also discuss the appearance of temporal oscillations of the four different transmission rates, their differences, and how this oscillatory behavior is impacted through social distancing; breaking the unimodality of the actives-curve produced by the classical SIR-model.

Mathematical approach to the prevention-immigration causality of outbreaks of sexually transmitted diseases in Chile using HIV as a model. / Enfoque matemático para causalidad prevención-inmigración de brotes de enfermedades de transmisión sexual en Chile utilizando VIH como modelo.

In Chile, in the contingent public debate about the alarming indicators of the prevalence of infectious diseases (such sexually transmitted ones), two factors stand out as determinants: inefficient or scarce preventive campaigns and the poor level of self-care among immigrants. To develop an analytical perspective, a simplified mathematical model is proposed that quantitatively expresses the impact of these factors. Furthermore, we intend to show how these factors working together act within the epidemic of the disease. Despite the simplicity of the proposed argument, a better understanding may address theoretical recommendations for the control and prevention of the disease.

En Chile, en el debate público contingente respecto a los alarmantes indicadores de prevalencia de enfermedades infectocontagiosas (como las de transmisión sexual), destacan dos factores como determinantes: la ineficacia o escasas campañas preventivas y el componente inmigratorio de bajo nivel de autocuidado. En orden a desarrollar una perspectiva analítica, se propone un modelo matemático simplificado para expresar en términos cuantitativos la influencia de estos factores. Así también, se busca evidenciar cómo estos actúan en forma conjunta en la instalación epidémica de la enfermedad. Una comprensión, que aun atendiendo a su simplicidad, es un insumo para derivar recomendaciones teóricas de control.

Cuidado informal al adulto mayor encamado en un área de salud / Informal care for the elderly confined to bed in a healthcare area

RESUMEN Introducción: el cuidado informal a una persona dependiente supone con frecuencia notable fuente de estrés que afecta la vida del cuidador informal. Objetivo: diagnosticar el estado actual del cuidado informal al adulto mayor encamado en el área de salud del Policlínico Manuel Piti Fajardo de Guane en Pinar del Río, durante el período de julio 2015 a octubre 2016. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, constituido por una población de 79 cuidadores informales de adultos mayores encamados y una muestra de 35 de estos, que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, utilizando en el análisis métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos (estadística descriptiva). Resultados: se identificaron tendencias actuales en el desarrollo del objeto, se realizó el diagnóstico del estado inicial, determinando regularidades que posibilitan la transformación de sus insuficiencias Conclusiones: los resultados indican que existe la necesidad de actuaciones multidisciplinarias encaminadas a perfeccionar el proceso de cuidado informal, diseñando y generando intervenciones que articulen la actividad del cuidador, la familia, el grupo básico de trabajo y la comunidad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the informal care of a dependent person often supposes a significant source of stress affecting the life of informal caregivers. Objective: to diagnose the present-day status of informal care of old people confined to bed in the health area of Manuel Piti Fajardo Polyclinic, Guane municipality in Pinar del Río province from July 2015 to October 2016. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross sectional study was conducted, the target group was constituted by 79 informal caregivers of old patients confined to bed and the sample included 35 of them who met the inclusion criteria, using theoretical, empirical and statistical (descriptive statistics) methods in the analysis. Results: the present-day trends in the development of this subject matter were identified, along with the diagnosis of the initial status, determining the regularities that make possible the transformation of its insufficiencies. Conclusions: the results indicate that there is a need for multidisciplinary actions aimed at improving the informal care process, designing and generating interventions that articulate the activity of caregivers, family, basic working team and the community.

Líderes universitarios y protagonismo estudiantil. Caso Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey / University leaders and student leading role. Case University of Medical Sciences

La formación de profesionales competentes y comprometidos con el ideal de justicia social y solidaridad humana es un reto para las universidades médicas en Cuba. El protagonismo estudiantil en este contexto contribuye a formar jóvenes autodeterminados, críticos, reflexivos, que se hagan cargo de su desarrollo profesional y participen de forma creadora en la transformación de la sociedad. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey, con el objetivo de valorar la visión que tienen los líderes estudiantiles sobre el protagonismo estudiantil, los factores que lo limitan y acciones para perfeccionarlo. Se utilizaron las técnicas entrevista estructurada, entrevista grupal y observación participante a una muestra de once dirigentes estudiantiles. Se logró identificar que los dirigentes estudiantiles tienen una visión acertada sobre el protagonismo estudiantil y señalan factores que limitan el protagonismo, asociados a los propios estudiantes, los profesores, las autoridades universitarias y la institución(AU)

The formation of competent and committed professionals with the ideal of social justice and human solidarity is a challenge for the medical universities in Cuba. The student-leading role in this context helps to form self-determined, critical, reflective young people, who take charge of his professional development and take part of creative form in the transformation of the society. A qualitative investigation was carried out in the University of Medical Sciences, with the objective to value the vision that the student leaders have on the student-leading role, the factors that limit it and actions to perfect it. There used the techniques structured interview, group interview and taking part observation to a sample of eleven student leaders. It was identified that the student leaders have an appropriate vision on the student-leading role and indicated factors that limit the leading role, associated with the proper students, the teachers, the university authorities and the institution(AU)

Líderes universitarios y protagonismo estudiantil. Caso Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey / University leaders and student leading role. Case University of Medical Sciences

RESUMEN La formación de profesionales competentes y comprometidos con el ideal de justicia social y solidaridad humana es un reto para las universidades médicas en Cuba. El protagonismo estudiantil en este contexto contribuye a formar jóvenes autodeterminados, críticos, reflexivos, que se hagan cargo de su desarrollo profesional y participen de forma creadora en la transformación de la sociedad. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey, con el objetivo de valorar la visión que tienen los líderes estudiantiles sobre el protagonismo estudiantil, los factores que lo limitan y acciones para perfeccionarlo. Se utilizaron las técnicas entrevista estructurada, entrevista grupal y observación participante a una muestra de once dirigentes estudiantiles. Se logró identificar que los dirigentes estudiantiles tienen una visión acertada sobre el protagonismo estudiantil y señalan factores que limitan el protagonismo, asociados a los propios estudiantes, los profesores, las autoridades universitarias y la institución.

ABSTARCT The formation of competent and committed professionals with the ideal of social justice and human solidarity is a challenge for the medical universities in Cuba. The student-leading role in this context helps to form self-determined, critical, reflective young people, who take charge of his professional development and take part of creative form in the transformation of the society. A qualitative investigation was carried out in the University of Medical Sciences, with the objective to value the vision that the student leaders have on the student-leading role, the factors that limit it and actions to perfect it. There used the techniques structured interview, group interview and taking part observation to a sample of eleven student leaders. It was identified that the student leaders have an appropriate vision on the student-leading role and indicated factors that limit the leading role, associated with the proper students, the teachers, the university authorities and the institution.

Caracterización clínico-epidemiológica de la hipertensión arterial en el Consultorio Médico 24 / Clinical-epidemiological characterization of hypertension at Number-24 Doctor's Office

La hipertensión arterial constituye en Cuba la primera causa de las atenciones de urgencias en las policlínicas y hospitales generales. Múltiples estudios se han realizado sobre el comportamiento de dicha entidad, éstos han sido insuficientes, aún continúa constituyendo un serio problema de salud. El objetivo fue caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente la hipertensión arterial en el Consultorio Médico #24 del Consejo Popular Guane, perteneciente al Policlínico Manuel Piti Fajardo del municipio Guane, en el período comprendido entre diciembre de 2010 a julio de 2011. Se realizó una investigación epidemiológica, descriptiva, de corte transversal. El universo y la muestra estuvieron conformados por todos los pacientes dispensarizados como hipertensos de ambos sexos mayores de 15 años (n=188). Previo consentimiento informado se aplicó un cuestionario a los pacientes. El 55,32 por ciento de los pacientes hipertensos pertenecían al sexo femenino, el intervalo de 55-59 años (35) representó 18.62 por ciento, predominio de pacientes hipertensos sobrepesos, el 71.28 por ciento de los pacientes fumaban, padecían de cardiopatía isquémica un 15.95 por ciento, el tiempo de evolución predominante fue de menos de 5 años con un 30.85 por ciento (58). El 100 por ciento de los pacientes hipertensos llevan tratamiento farmacológico y el 46.81 por ciento con dos fármacos, y el 45.21 por ciento pertenecían a la raza negra. El mayor porcentaje de pacientes se encuentra por debajo de 5 años de evolución de la enfermedad, y el tratamiento predominante fue con dos fármacos. Existió una prevalencia por debajo de lo esperado para la hipertensión arterial(AU)

Hypertension constitutes the first cause of the emergency care in polyclinics and general hospitals. Multiple studies concerning the behavior of this entity have been conducted, but insufficient, it is still a serious health problem. The objective was to characterize the behavior of hypertension from the clinical and epidemiological point of view at No-24 Doctor's Office, Popular Council of Guane, during December 2010 to July 2011. An epidemiological, descriptive and cross sectional research was carried out. The target group and the sample were comprised of all patients diagnosed as hypertensive of both sexes and older than 15 years old (n= 188). A previous informed consent was applied to the patients before the application of a questionnaire. Hypertensive patients belonged to female sex (55,32 per cent), the interval 55-59 years old (35) represented 18.62 per cent, prevalence of overweighed- hypertensive patients, 71.28 per cent of the patients smoked, 15.95 per cent suffered from ischemic heart disease, the general natural history time was less than 5 years with 30.85 per cent (58). Hypertensive patients underwent pharmacological treatment (100 per cent), and 46.81 per cent used two medications, along with 45.21 per cent who belonged to the black race. The greatest percentage of patients showed less than 5 years of natural history for the disease and the prevailing treatment included two medications. Prevalence was under the expected patterns for hypertension(AU)

Caracterización clínico-epidemiológica de la hipertensión arterial en el Consultorio Médico 24 / Clinical-epidemiological characterization of hypertension at Number-24 Doctor's Office

Introducción: la hipertensión arterial constituye en Cuba la primera causa de las atenciones de urgencias en las policlínicas y hospitales generales. Múltiples estudios se han realizado sobre el comportamiento de dicha entidad, éstos han sido insuficientes, aún continúa constituyendo un serio problema de salud. Objetivo: caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente la hipertensión arterial en el Consultorio Médico #24 del Consejo Popular Guane, perteneciente al Policlínico Manuel "Piti" Fajardo del municipio Guane, en el período comprendido entre diciembre de 2010 a julio de 2011. Material y método: se realizó una investigación epidemiológica, descriptiva, de corte transversal. El universo y la muestra estuvieron conformados por todos los pacientes dispensarizados como hipertensos de ambos sexos mayores de 15 años (n=188). Previo consentimiento informado se aplicó un cuestionario a los pacientes. Resultados: el 55,32 % de los pacientes hipertensos pertenecían al sexo femenino, el intervalo de 55-59 años (35) representó 18.62%, predominio de pacientes hipertensos sobrepesos, el 71.28 % de los pacientes fumaban, padecían de cardiopatía isquémica un 15.95 %, el tiempo de evolución predominante fue de menos de 5 años con un 30.85% (58). El 100% de los pacientes hipertensos llevan tratamiento farmacológico y el 46.81% con dos fármacos, y el 45.21% pertenecían a la raza negra. Conclusiones: el mayor porcentaje de pacientes se encuentra por debajo de 5 años de evolución de la enfermedad, y el tratamiento predominante fue con dos fármacos. Existió una prevalencia por debajo de lo esperado para la hipertensión arterial.

Introduction: hypertension constitutes the first cause of the emergency care in polyclinics and general hospitals. Multiple studies concerning the behavior of this entity have been conducted, but insufficient, it is still a serious health problem. Objective: to characterize the behavior of hypertension from the clinical and epidemiological point of view at No-24 Doctor's Office, Popular Council of Guane, during December 2010 to July 2011. Material and method: an epidemiological, descriptive and cross sectional research. The target group and the sample were comprised of all patients diagnosed as hypertensive of both sexes and older than 15 years old (n= 188). A previous informed consent was applied to the patients before the application of a questionnaire. Results: hypertensive patients belonged to female sex (55,32%), the interval 55-59 years old (35) represented 18.62%, prevalence of overweighed- hypertensive patients, 71.28% of the patients smoked, 15.95% suffered from ischemic heart disease, the general natural history time was less than 5 years with 30.85% (58). Hypertensive patients underwent pharmacological treatment (100%), and 46.81% used two medications, along with 45.21% who belonged to the black race. Conclusions: the greatest percentage of patients showed less than 5 years of natural history for the disease and the prevailing treatment included two medications. Prevalence was under the expected patterns for hypertension.

Possible predictors of poor angiogenesis after hematopoietic stem cell autograft for lower limb ischemia.

INTRODUCTION: The therapeutic potential of adult stem cells in coronary and peripheral arterial diseases has been proposed in recent years. However, factors possibly predictive of unfavorable angiogenic results have not been clearly identified as yet. OBJECTIVES: Identify candidate predictors of poor angiogenesis, as indicated by need for amputation, after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for chronic lower limb ischemia. METHODS: A retrospective analytical case-series study was carried out to detect factors possibly associated with hematopoietic stem cell autograft failure due to low angiogenic potential. The study universe was composed of 47 patients (19 women, 28 men) with critical lower limb ischemia in Fontaine stages IIb, III and IV, who received autologous stem cell transplantation at the Dr Gustavo Aldereguía Lima University General Hospital in Cienfuegos, Cuba, from January 2007 through December 2010. Variables studied were sex, age, medical history (high blood pressure, ischemic cardiomyopathy, diabetes mellitus and chronic renal insufficiency), Fontaine ischemia stage, intermittent claudication, pain score on a 1-10 scale, ankle-brachial pressure index in the affected extremity, presence of ulcers, and smoking. Laboratory variables included: blood concentrations of hemoglobin, glucose, creatinine, liver enzymes, cholesterol, triglycerides and LDH; as well as leukocyte and platelet counts, stem cell viability, prothrombin time and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The main response variable was amputation, an indicator of poor angiogenesis. Using logistic regression, a prognostic score of 1 to 4 was developed for each risk factor and scores added to create a risk prediction scale. Predicted risk for amputation and observed amputation rates were compared for patients in three risk groups: low, 0-4; medium, 5-8; and high, 9-12. RESULTS: Factors identified as possibly predictive of poor angiogenesis were: final leukocyte count <20 x 109/L after mobilization with granulocyte colony stimulating factor; age ≥60 years; pain scale score of 10; glycemia of >6 mmol/L; and triglycerides of >1.8 mmol/L. Patients who scored low on predicted amputation risk scale were spared amputation in 90.9% (10/11) of cases, versus 16.7% (2/12) in patients scoring high. CONCLUSIONS: Five possible prognostic factors for low angiogenic potential in stem cell autotransplantation were identified and a preliminary scale established to predict in which patients autotransplantation would be more likely to be successful.